Open Systems and Consciousness: A Physical Discussion

2002 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-369
Author(s):  
Roman S. Ingarden
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Decoherence Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebral Neocortex

Further discussion of the author's ideas, as well as their confrontation with similar and different concepts of consciousness, have been given in the Introduction. Then the physical and, in lesser degree, also mathematical aspects of open systems, in particular of human person, are sketched in Sec. 2. The quantum concept of the decoherence time is treated as a model for a finite life-time of any composed physical and biological system. In Sec. 3 the role of languages of many types in living and non-living systems is briefly considered, as well as the importance of modality for sentence predicates. In Sec. 4, the structure of the cerebral neocortex and its speech centers is briefly described from the point of view of the mechanism of thinking and the consciousness. The concepts of laterality and dominance (left or right hemispheres of the brain) and their dependence on the type of culture and education are shown on the example of the differences between the Japanese and Western perception of languages (discoveries of Liberman and Tsunoda). In Secs. 5 and 6 the experimental evidence for the connection of consciousness with the speech centers are presented and some questions are posed.

Subjectivity as a sentient perspective and the role of interoception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena De Preester
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phenomenological Point

This chapter argues that the most basic form of subjectivity is different from and more fundamental than having a self, and forwards a hypothesis about the origin of subjectivity in terms of interoception. None of those topics are new, and a consensus concerning the homeostatic-interoceptive origin of subjectivity is rapidly growing in the domains of the neurosciences and psychology. This chapter critically explores that growing consensus, and it argues that the idea that the brain topographically represents bodily states is unfit for thinking about the coming about of subjectivity. In the first part, four inherent characteristics of subjectivity are discussed from a philosophical phenomenological point of view. The second part explores whether a model of subjectivity in which interoception maintains its crucial role is possible without relying on topographical representations of the in-depth body, and giving due to the inherent characteristics of subjectivity.

scholarly journals "Deus semper maior" or theodicy of Erycha River

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Bogdan Teodorovich Zavidniak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Analogia Entis

This article examines Erich Przywara‘s conceptual understanding of the proofs for the existence of God. It also interprets the proofs of God’s existence. Тhe concept of God in the philosophy of Przywara is considered by exploring the nature of the relations between the transcendent sphere of God and the spiritual world of the human person. From the point of view of historiography, the role of the book “The Analogia entis” by Przywara is highlighted.

The Role of Religious Experiences and Religious Institutions: Comparing Peter L. Berger’s and Hans Joas’ Approach to Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Isaak Deman
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Similar Path ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Abstract Hans Joas (born 1948) has repeatedly criticized Peter L. Berger (1929–2017) for placing religious experiences in the cognitive realm, where it runs the risk of being “contaminated” by secularization and pluralism. Instead, Joas has proposed to locate religious experiences in the “deeper layers” of the human person, where it is protected against mere cognitive reductionism and against contamination by secularization and pluralism. Despite his critique, Joas follows a similar path of Berger, as he explains the phenomenon of religion from an inductive point of view that originates in the experiential realm. This article demonstrates how Joas’ approach operates on a similar methodology like the one of Berger and ultimately results in similar theoretical conclusions despite their differing theoretical foundations. Moreover, this article illuminates an implicit methodological similarity between Joas and Berger that, on the one hand, differs from one of the taken-for-granted methodologies in the discipline of sociology (of religion), and, on the other hand, strongly influences the disposition of religious institutions in their definition of religion.

scholarly journals УРОКИ КРИЗИ КЛАСИЧНОЇ КІБЕРНЕТИКИ. ПРИЧИНИ ТА СУТНІСТЬ

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Серій Ілліч Доценко
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Cybernetic System ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Theory Of Functional Systems

It is performed an analysis of the causes and consequences of the crisis of classical cybernetics, created by N. Wiener and W. R. Anby. N. Viener has shown that the basis of the crisis is the exclusion from the consideration of the process of forming the goal of activity for physiological and cybernetic systems. However, the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics is conducted from the historical point of view. N. Wiener's opinion on the role of the goal of the cybernetic system in management processes is not taken into account. The main focus is on the study of information management and transfer processes. The main direction of the development of classical cybernetics is determined by the further development of computer science, as well as new cybernetics. In the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics, an analysis of its initial hypotheses is not conducted in the formation of the principles of organisation and self-organization. Therefore, in the article the formation of the content of these concepts was made and on their basis an attempt was made to form initial hypotheses of the organization of physiological and cybernetic systems in their "existence", as well as self-organization in their "activities". It is shown that for the principle of organization and for the principle of self-organization in classical cybernetics, there is no unambiguous content. It is also shown that the crisis of classical cybernetics is due to the crisis of the methodology of the general theory of systems. The main lesson of the crisis of classical cybernetics is that the very purpose of the activity, the mechanism of formation of which was derived outside the cybernetic system, proved to be a fundamental factor both for the formation of the principle of organization of the system in its existence and for the formulation of the principle of its self-organization in its activities. Therefore, classical cybernetics should go to the research of information-open systems. To know the mechanism of the formation of the purpose of the activity, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of the formation of heuristics in the model of the natural neural network by analogy with the problem of self-organization on the basis of heuristics for the model of the Rosenblatt perceptron, which was considered by A. G. Ivakhnenko. To know the mechanism of the change of the sign of feedback it is necessary to study the architecture of the functional system in accordance with the theory of functional systems of Academician P. K. Anokhin

scholarly journals MATHATICS AS PEDAGOGY, IN THE HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY AND EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (08) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Yulduzkhon Kulnazarovna Kushnazarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Product ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Graphical Presentation

Global paradigms "cover all types of activity and underlie the shift from the deterministic stochastic and to the third synergetic paradigm." The paradigm can be described using three keywords: self-organization, open systems, non-linearity. This work uses the data tabulation method and the graphical presentation of the results. The philosophy of postmodernism is a motor speech between a person and his reality. The value of education is not to memorize facts, to encourage the brain to think. In other words, postmodernism is "a new model of thinking that refuses to embrace traditionalism without reflection and reappraisal." In postmodernism, all similar, different and non-traditional data and knowledge coexist. Thus, if in modernism educational services are important, if they are useful, then in postmodernism the usefulness of a product or service is determined by the emotions of the person for whom the product was created. From this point of view, the educational product and service should be memorable.

scholarly journals Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Biochemical Systems and Its Application

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Dongliang Zhang ◽  
Qi Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Biochemical Reaction Networks ◽  
Stochastic Thermodynamics ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
Jarzynski Equality

Living systems are open systems, where the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics play the important role. Therefore, studying living systems from a nonequilibrium thermodynamic aspect is interesting and useful. In this review, we briefly introduce the history and current development of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, especially that in biochemical systems. We first introduce historically how people realized the importance to study biological systems in the thermodynamic point of view. We then introduce the development of stochastic thermodynamics, especially three landmarks: Jarzynski equality, Crooks’ fluctuation theorem and thermodynamic uncertainty relation. We also summarize the current theoretical framework for stochastic thermodynamics in biochemical reaction networks, especially the thermodynamic concepts and instruments at nonequilibrium steady state. Finally, we show two applications and research paradigms for thermodynamic study in biological systems.

CONTINUING EMERGENCE IN LIVING SYSTEMS

2003 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
RAIMA LARTER ◽  
MELISSA GLENDENING CRAIG ◽  
REBECCA TINSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Calcium Waves ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Oxidase Reaction ◽  
The Brain

As discussed in other articles in this issue, chemical emergence may have led to the appearance of life on the pre-biotic earth, but it is even more obviously clear that emergence continues in living systems, producing complex phenomena such as ordering, biorhythms and even, possibly, consciousness. The role of continuing emergence in living systems is reviewed here with special attention to the Peroxidase–Oxidase reaction and neurochemical systems. For the latter, we review the role of subnetwork dynamics in epilepsy and an intriguing new possiblity that calcium waves in fields of astrocytes in the brain may be involved in the spread of epileptic seizures.

scholarly journals Il dialogo in Bioetica: per una medicina fondata sulla persona umana

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Sgreccia
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Epistemological Point ◽  
Constant Element

Il contributo argomenta sul ruolo del dialogo nel contesto dello sviluppo e della diffusione della Bioetica. A livello generale, nel panorama culturale contemporaneo, i giudizi sul tema del dialogo sono piuttosto controversi: se, per alcuni, esso potrebbe risolvere conflitti e discordie, dall’altra, aprirebbe a forme di relativismo, sincretismo e irenismo. In Bioetica, il dialogo ha giocato sempre un ruolo fondamentale, finendo per rappresentare un suo elemento costante sia da un punto di vista epistemologico che da un punto di vista metodologico. Si tratta comunque di un dialogo che non è nichilista, ma che ha un logos in sé e una pietra filosofale data dal rispetto della persona umana e dalla sua dignità, entro cui tutti debbono riconoscersi. ---------- The contribution deals with the role of dialogue in the development and spreading of Bioethics. In general, in the contemporary cultural surveys, opinions on the topic of dialogue are rather controversial: according to some people, it could resolve conflict and discord and according to others it could cause forms of relativism, syncretism and irenics. In Bioethics, dialogue has always played a key role, representing a constant element of it from both an epistemological point of view and a methodological point of view. However, dialogue is not nihilistic, but has a logos and a philosopher’s stone, i.e. respect of human person and his dignity.

Detachment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Troisi
Keyword(s):  
Early Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Brain

Most of us find social encounters rewarding, especially when we encounter those with whom we are familiar and have built up a relationship. From an evolutionary point of view, this is not surprising; human beings are fundamentally social organisms, and human development and functioning occur within a social context. The origin of individual differences in the capacity to experience social reward is likely to involve a complex interplay of genetic and environmental variables, including genetic variation, early experience and current situational factors. A few individuals seem to lie at the lower extreme of this continuum, experiencing little or no positive feelings during affiliative interactions. This chapter deals with the psychological and behavioral traits that characterize these uncommon individuals and reviews the mechanisms likely to cause their emotional detachment. The chapter then discusses the importance of aversive early experience in promoting an avoidant style of adult attachment and the role of the brain opioid system and genetic polymorphisms in mediating diminished hedonic response to affiliative interactions.

scholarly journals Fermentative Metal – Containing Bio-Nano complexes, Quantum Chemical Models of Their Active Centers and Applications in Biotechnologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Ludmila Uvarova ◽  
Ekaterina Romanova ◽  
Nikolai Korobov ◽  
Elena Obukhova ◽  
Ekaterina Krasikova
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Unshared Electron Pair ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Quantum Chemical Models

The general structure and the functional universal mechanism of the active centers of the fermentative metal-containing bio-nanocomplexes are discussed on the basis of the quantum-chemical approach using the conception “protein — machine”. The process, proceeding taking place in the active centers structure is the result of their interaction with the substrates. The active centers quantum-chemical models represent the electron distribution among the complex molecular orbitals (MO). The interaction of the central ions with the ligands is carried out by the donor-acceptor mechanism: the ions provide the connection of the vacant orbitals and connection of the vacant orbitals and the ligands — the unshared electron pair. One of the coordination bonds is functional, using for the interaction with substrates. From the quantum-chemical point of view the functional mechanism of the bio-nanocomplexes is universal. In the final, it is reduced to the functional electron accepting and the leaving in the molecular antibonding orbitals of the complex, inducing the active center transitions from one state to another. The electron-conformational transitions, the active centers changes at its functioning, the role of its protein surrounding may be explained on a basis of the conception “protein — machine”. The specific properties of the investigated bio-nanosystems are involved in the using of the internal valuable information, that is the process is a wave and occurs self-correlatively, and may be described by Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov mathematical model. It is fair to say that the discussing bio-nanosystems are the natural intellectual tools, which may be used in the nanobiotechnologies and the spheres of its application are wide. It is necessary to conclude that the metal-containing bio-nanocomplexes are the self-organizing, self-congruent, nonlinear, open systems.

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