Blood Levels of Serotonin Are Differentially Affected by Romantic Love in Men and Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. E. Langeslag ◽  
Frederik M. van der Veen ◽  
Durk Fekkes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Serum Serotonin

People who are in love think about their beloved the whole day, which is supposed to be associated with serotonin. The research questions were how peripheral serotonin levels differ between individuals that are in love compared to individuals that are not in love, and how these levels are associated with obsessive thinking about the beloved. Because gender differences exist in romantic love and in the serotonergic system, gender differences were tested. Twenty participants who were in love (10 men) and 20 who were not in love (10 men) completed several questionnaires, and plasma and serum serotonin levels were assessed. The men who were in love had lower serotonin levels than the men who were not in love, while women showed the opposite pattern. The participants that were in love reported obsessive thinking about their beloved for 65% of their waking hours. In women, obsessive thinking about the beloved was associated with an increased serotonin level in serum. The serotonergic system seems to play a role in romantic love, but the effects appear opposite for men and women.

Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Farace ◽  
Wayne M. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate possible gender differences in traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae. The case fatality rates in patients after TBI have previously been shown to be significantly higher in women as compared with men.Methods. A quantitative review of published studies of TBI outcome revealed eight studies (20 outcome variables) of TBI, in which outcome was reported separately for men and women.Conclusions. Outcome was worse in women than in men for 85% of the measured variables, with an average effect size of −0.15. Although clinical opinion is often that women tend to experience better outcomes than men after TBI, the opposite pattern was suggested in the results of this metaanalysis. However, this conclusion is limited by the fact that, in only a small percentage of the total published reports on TBI outcome, was outcome described separately for each sex. A careful, prospective study of sex differences in TBI outcome is clearly needed.

scholarly journals Do women fare worse? A metaanalysis of gender differences in outcome after traumatic brain injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Farace ◽  
Wayne M. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Men And Women

The purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate possible gender differences in TBI sequelae. The case fatality rates in patients after TBI have previously been shown to be significantly higher in women as compared with men. A quantitative review of published studies of TBI outcome revealed eight studies (20 outcome variables) of TBI in which outcome was reported separately for men and women. Outcome was worse in women than in men for 85% of the measured variables, with an average effect size of −0.15. Although clinical opinion is often that women tend to experience better outcomes than do men after TBI, the opposite pattern was suggested in the results of this metaanalysis. However, this conclusion is limited by the fact that in only a small percentage of the total published reports on TBI outcome was outcome described separately for each sex. A careful, prospective study of sex differences in TBI outcome is clearly needed.

scholarly journals Transformasi Misi Kristen Pada Isu Dominasi Gender Masyarakat Jawa di Era Masyarakat 5.0

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Seri Damarwanti ◽  
Sapto Sunariyanti ◽  
Suwarni Suwarni ◽  
Lusia Pujiningtyas ◽  
Anthoneta Ratu Pa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Personal Decision

Prinsip Keselamatan Kristen mengangkat isu persamaan hak antara pria dan wanita dimana keselamatan tidak ditentukan oleh perbedaan gender. Namun dalam tatanan masyarakat Jawa yang secara tradisi dan kultur masih didominasi oleh kaum pria, filosofi “swarga nunut, neraka katut” masih berakar erat dan memengaruhi persepsi wanita Jawa, khususnya yang masih memegang teguh tradisi. Masyarakat 5.0 membawa paradigma baru bahwa di tengah arus global–digital, teknologi hadir untuk lebih memanusiakan manusia dan mengembalikan harkat dan martabat manusia secara utuh. Bagaimana perkembangan teknologi yang mengubah tatanan kehidupan ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mentransformasi Misi Kristen pada wanita Jawa mengambil keputusan mandiri dalam keselamatan menjadi isu utama pembahasan. Metode untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian memakai metode studi Biblika dan riset literatur berbasis kontekstualisasi budaya dan implementasinya secara praktis di era Masyarakat 5.0 menjadi pilihan utama. Kesimpulan yang diambil mengarah pada kebenaran perlunya mengubah paradigma berpikir bahwa keselamatan merupakan keputusan pribadi yang tidak tergantung pada perbedaan gender dan ikatan tradisi. Kebaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada eksplorasi Biblika yang secara khusus menjawab filosofi Jawa tentang “swarga nunut, neraka katut” dengan memanfaatkan karakteristik era Masyarakat 5.0.The Christian Salvation Principle raises the issue of equal rights between men and women where salvation is not determined by gender differences. However, in Javanese society, which is traditionally and culturally still dominated by men, the philosophy of “swarga nunut, neraka katut” is still deeply rooted and influences the perception of Javanese women, especially those who still adhere to tradition. The era of society 5.0 brings a new paradigm that in the midst of global – digital flows, technology is present to more humanize humans and restore human dignity as a whole. How the development of technology and in life can be utilized in transforming the Christian mission for Javanese women to make independent decisions in safety is the main issue of discussion. Methods to answer research questions using Biblical study methods and literature research based on cultural contextualization and its practical implementation in the era of society 5.0 are the main choices. The conclusions drawn lead to the truth of the need to change the paradigm of thinking that salvation is a personal decision that does not depend on gender differences and traditional ties. The novelty of this research lies in the exploration of the Bible which specifically answers the Javanese philosophy of “swarga nunut, neraka katut”, by utilizing the characteristics of the era of society 5.0.

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

Relasi Gender dalam Keragaman Qira'at

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Many

Knowledge of  qirā’at  until now has only been regarded as under-standing the various methodologies used in reciting the Quran. There has been very little research into analyzing the implications of recitative differences in terms of their purpose, although the many versions of qira’at rightly give rise to differing exegesis. This paper seeks to examine the implication of Qur’anic recitation in those religious verses that concern gender relations. There are many religious verses that address gender differences but this paper only examines verses connected with the opposite sexes shaking hands and permission for women to work outside the home.  This second verse is mentioned because until now there has often been the viewpoint that women ought not work outside the home as long as men and women shake hands at the beginning and end of business matters. For that reason, this paper is very suitable for analysis as a reminder that very rarely is there a person who interprets the Qur’an from an angle of familiarity with various qira’at.

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease According to Healthcare Utilization and Medication Adherence among Newly Treated Korean Hypertensive Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Jiae Shin ◽  
Dongwoo Ham ◽  
Hee Young Paik ◽  
Sangah Shin ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

We aimed to investigate gender differences in ischemic heart disease (IHD) according to healthcare utilization and medication adherence among newly treated Korean hypertensive adults. The National Sample Cohort version 2.0 of the National Health Insurance Service was used for analysis. Newly treated hypertensive patients ≥ 20 years and without IHD in 2002 were selected from a population that underwent health examination during 2003–2006. Of those patients, 11,942 men and 11,193 women were analyzed and followed up for 10 years. We determined the association between IHD and healthcare utilization and medication adherence using the Cox proportional hazards model. Hypertensive women patients had a lower risk of IHD than men patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.00). The IHD risk was increased in patients who visited healthcare providers > 12 times/person-year (HR = 2.97, 95% CI 2.79–3.17), paid high out-of-pocket expense/person-year (HR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.41–1.69), and had medication nonadherence (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.77). However, the risk was decreased in patients who used both urban and rural areas (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.84) and mixed types of providers (HR = 0.93, CI 0.88–0.99). The risk of IHD was significantly different between men and women only in the visiting frequency to healthcare providers (men, HR = 3.21, 95% CI 2.93–3.52; women, HR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.53–3.04, p for interaction = 0.0188). In summary, the risk of IHD was similar according to healthcare utilization and medication adherence between men and women, except visiting frequency to healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Lisa H. Glassman ◽  
Nicholas P. Otis ◽  
Betty Michalewicz-Kragh ◽  
Kristen H. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Rating ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Surf therapy is increasingly being used as an intervention to address various health problems, including psychological symptoms. Although recent research supports the positive impact of surf therapy on psychological outcomes, it is unclear whether these outcomes differ between men and women. This study compared changes in depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) between U.S. service men and women (N = 74) during six weekly surf therapy sessions. Overall, participants reported decreased depression/anxiety (p < 0.001) and increased positive affect (p < 0.001), but no change in pain rating following each session (p = 0.141). Significant gender differences were found in the magnitude of changes in depression/anxiety (B = −1.01, p = 0.008) and positive affect (B = 4.53, p < 0.001) during surf sessions, despite no differences in pre-session scores on either outcome. Women showed greater improvements in depression/anxiety and positive affect compared with men—an important finding, given that surfing and military environments are often socially dominated by men. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in other samples, extend this research to other underrepresented populations, and identify barriers and facilitators of the sustainable implementation of surf therapy across populations.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Implicit Processing of Sexual Stimuli

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dewitte
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Response ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Sexual Information ◽  
Sexual Stimuli ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Sexually Explicit

The present studies investigated whether men and women differ in cognitive–motivational processing of sexual stimuli in order to better understand the commonly observed gender differences in sexual outcome variables. Because these processes often operate without conscious control, we focused specifically on automatic stimulus processing. Using a series of implicit tasks, we measured inhibition, attentional orientation, appraisal and approach–avoidance motivation regarding sexually explicit stimuli in male and female students. Results showed that men were more strongly motivated to approach sexual stimuli than women and were better able to inhibit sexual information as to prevent activation of the sexual response. With regard to attentional orientation, men were more easily drawn by sexual cues than women, yet only when the cues were presented long enough to allow more elaborative processing. No gender differences were found in the implicit evaluation of sexual information, although men and women did differ at the level of self–reported sexual evaluations. Our results indicate the importance of incorporating information–processing mechanisms and emotion regulation strategies into the conceptualization of the sexual response and promote further research on the specificity, robustness, predictive validity and malleability of the cognitive–motivational processes underlying sexual arousal. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

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