FC12-02 - The neural response to relatives’; criticisms and compliments in individuals with a schizotypal personality

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1877-1877
Author(s):  
P. Premkumar ◽  
D. Lythgoe ◽  
S.C. Williams ◽  
E.A. Kuipers ◽  
V. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A high level of expressed emotion (EE) in the form of criticism and hostility by family members towards schizophrenia patients increases the risk of relapse to a psychotic episode. Studying the neural response to relatives’ criticisms would help to understand how patients interpret and cope with EE in terms of the salience patients attach to criticisms and how this information is encoded and stored. Formerly depressed patients fail to activate the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on hearing maternal criticisms. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy would have an altered DLPFC and ACC response to relatives’ criticisms. Twenty-four healthy individuals, 12 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), listened to a close relative's criticisms, compliments and neutral comments about them while undergoing functional MRI. The relative's EE level was assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview. HS relatives were more likely to show high EE than LS relatives. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each comment type were compared using SPM5. During criticisms relative to neutral comments, HS activated and LS deactivated the DLPFC and ACC. During compliments relative to neutral comments, LS activated and HS deactivated the insula, lingual gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. Our finding of DLPFC-ACC activation in HS, but deactivation in LS individuals when listening to relatives’ criticisms suggests that HS individuals may have difficulty suppressing emotional interference during cognitive control.

FC12-01 - Neural processing of social rejection: The role of schizotypal personality trait

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1876-1876
Author(s):  
P. Premkumar ◽  
U. Ettinger ◽  
S. Inchley-Mort ◽  
A. Sumich ◽  
S.C. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Rejection ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Normal Sensitivity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ventral Prefrontal Cortex

A fear of being rejected can cause perceptions of more insecurity and stress in close relationships. Healthy individuals activate the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) when experiencing social rejection, while those who are vulnerable to depression deactivate the dACC presumably in order to down-regulate salience of rejection cues and minimize distress. Schizotypal individuals, characterised by unusual perceptual experiences and/or odd beliefs, are more rejection sensitive than normal. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy also have an altered dACC response to rejection stimuli. Twenty-six healthy individuals, 14 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), viewed depictions of rejection and acceptance and neutral scenes while undergoing functional MRI. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each image type were compared using SPM5 and their relation to participant mood and subjective ratings of the images was examined. During rejection relative to neutral scenes, LS activated and HS deactivated the bilateral dACC, right superior frontal gyrus and left ventral prefrontal cortex. Across both groups, a temporo-occipito-parieto-cerebellar network was active during rejection, and a left fronto-parietal network during acceptance, relative to neutral scenes, and the bilateral lingual gyrus during rejection relative to acceptance scenes. Our finding of dACC-dorso-ventral PFC activation in LS, but deactivation in HS individuals when perceiving social rejection scenes suggests that HS individuals attach less salience to and distance themselves from such stimuli. This may enable them to cope with their higher-than-normal sensitivity to rejection.

scholarly journals Stigma and expressed emotion: a study of people with schizophrenia and their family members in China

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Veronica Pearson ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Minjie Xu ◽  
Lawrence Yang
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Up

BackgroundThe most damaging effect of stigma is the internalisation of others' negative valuations.AimsTo explore the factors that mediate patients' emotional and cognitive responses to stigma.MethodBased on responses to 10 open-ended questions about stigma appended to the Chinese version of the Camberwell Family Interview, trained coders rated the effect of stigma on both patients and family members in 1491 interviews conducted with 952 family members of 608 patients with schizophrenia at 5 sites around China from 1990 to 2000.ResultsFamily members reported that stigma had had a moderate to severe effect on the lives of patients over the previous 3 months in 60% of the interviews, and on the lives of other family members in 26% of the interviews. The effect of stigma on patients and family members was significantly greater if the respondent had a high level of expressed emotion, if the patient had more severe positive symptoms, if the respondent was highly educated and if the family lived in a highly urbanised area.ConclusionsClinicians should assess the effect of stigma as part of the standard work-up for patients with mental illness, and help patients and family members reduce the effect of stigma on their lives.

Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Humbeeck ◽  
Ch. Van Audenhove ◽  
G. Storms ◽  
M. De Hert ◽  
G. Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

scholarly journals Aberrant Expression of TLR2, TLR7, TLR9, Splicing Variants of TLR4 and MYD88 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skorka ◽  
Paulina Wlasiuk ◽  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Giannopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Splicing Variants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time To First Treatment ◽  
First Time

Functional toll-like receptors (TLRs) could modulate anti-tumor effects by activating inflammatory cytokines and the cytotoxic T-cells response. However, excessive TLR expression could promote tumor progression, since TLR-induced inflammation might stimulate cancer cells expansion into the microenvironment. Myd88 is involved in activation NF-κB through TLRs downstream signaling, hence in the current study we provided, for the first time, a complex characterization of expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, and MYD88 as well as their splicing forms in two distinct compartments of the microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): peripheral blood and bone marrow. We found correlations between MYD88 and TLRs expressions in both compartments, indicating their relevant cooperation in CLL. The MYD88 expression was higher in CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers (HVs) (0.1780 vs. 0.128, p < 0.0001). The TLRs expression was aberrant in CLL compared to HVs. Analysis of survival curves revealed a shorter time to first treatment in the group of patients with low level of TLR4(3) expression compared to high level of TLR4(3) expression in bone marrow (13 months vs. 48 months, p = 0.0207). We suggest that TLRs expression is differentially regulated in CLL but is similarly shared between two distinct compartments of the microenvironment.

scholarly journals Revealing the constituents of Egypt’s oldest beer using infrared and mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Moamen M. Elmassry ◽  
Masahiro Baba ◽  
Renée Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the Ancient Egyptians used malted wheat and barley as the main ingredients in beer brewing, but the chemical determination of the exact recipe is still lacking. To investigate the constituents of ancient beer, we conducted a detailed IR and GC-MS based metabolite analyses targeting volatile and non-volatile metabolites on the residues recovered from the interior of vats in what is currently the world’s oldest (c. 3600 BCE) installation for large-scale beer production located at the major pre-pharaonic political center at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. In addition to distinguishing the chemical signatures of various flavoring agents, such as dates, a significant result of our analysis is the finding, for the first time, of phosphoric acid in high level probably used as a preservative much like in modern beverages. This suggests that the early brewers had acquired the knowledge needed to efficiently produce and preserve large quantities of beer. This study provides the most detailed chemical profile of an ancient beer using modern spectrometric techniques and providing evidence for the likely starting materials used in beer brewing.

PREVENTION ISSUES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND PRODUCTION-RELATED DISEASES IN MINING INDUSTRY WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Agzamova ◽  
◽  
N.U. Ibragimova ◽  
Yu.A. Abdieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Dynamic Observation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
First Time

Abstract: Protecting and promoting the health of workers in the mining industry is one of the most important problems of occupational pathology and health care. The structure and levels of prevention of occupational diseases are directly dependent on harmful and adverse factors of the production environment and labor process, adequately reflecting the state of production. Purpose: to study the issues of prevention of occupational and production-related diseases of mining and metallurgical plant workers. Research materials and methods: a dynamic observation of the health status of workers in the main industries of the mining and metallurgical plant (800 workers) was carried out. 92 patients with silicosis were examined. Results: Up to 92.8% of first-time occupational diseases are detected during periodic medical examinations. The prevailing sociomatic pathology is cardiovascular pathology, namely, arterial hypertension and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, mainly osteochondrosis of the spine. Prevalence of silicosis was observed in individuals with little professional experience (from 5 years old), young age and primary detection of patients in stage II silicosis, which was accompanied by respiratory failure. Conclusions: The prevention programme developed will ensure a high level of health care in terms of early diagnosis, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of both occupational and occupational diseases.

Innovation in Slovenian tourism organisations

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Maja Uran Maravić ◽  
Dejan Križaj ◽  
Miha Lesjak
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Climate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Innovation Practices ◽  
First Time

The purpose – Slovenian tourism organisations must constantly focus on developing variety innovations for organisations. In this paper, we present a study conducted on innovation practices in Slovenian tourism organisations. Design/methodology – In a survey conducted on Slovenia tourism organisations, we obtained data and identified their innovation performance and the innovation climate in their area of business. There are three main hypothesis tested. Findings – The research sample of 41 organisations found that most innovation in tourism organisations came through the introduction of new services (90%), followed by innovation through new organisational methods (73%), and found a high-level climate for innovation. Worse was its assessment of research activity within organisations and cooperation with external institutions (eg. universities and research institutes) and investment in innovation activities within their research and development. Results obtained from the research showed a mean value for the innovation climate-instrument of 3.83 indicating a high innovation climate for the Slovenian tourism companies included in the sample survey. Mostly, (publicly known as) more innovative active organisations responded to our survey. From such results, we find that tourism organisations included in the survey are aware of the importance of innovation, teaching organisations to communicate well and network with other organisations, are adaptable to change and engaged with their own ideas in support of the organisation's management. Originality of the research – The contribution of the research is that it has applied the generic instrument for measuring innovation climate on tourism and the first time climate is measured in Slovenia.

Theoretical study of the Cl(2P) + SiH4 reaction: Global potential energy surface and product pair-correlated distributions. Comparison with experiment.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Espinosa-Garcia ◽  
Jose Carlos Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Surface ◽  
Energy Surface ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Title Reaction ◽  
Comparison With Experiment ◽  
Explicitly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Product Pair

For the theoretical study of the title reaction, an analytical full-dimensional potential energy surface named PES-2021 was developed for the first time, by fitting high-level explicitly-correlated ab initio data. This...

On sinterability of nanostructured W produced by high-energy ball milling

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malewar ◽  
K.S. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Murty ◽  
B. Sarma ◽  
S.K. Pabi
Keyword(s):  
Sintered Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Powder Charge ◽  
Grinding Media ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

The present investigation reports for the first time a dramatic decrease in the sintering temperature of elemental W from the conventional temperature of ≥2500 °C to the modest temperature range of 1700–1790 °C by making the W powder nanostructured through high-energy mechanical milling (MM) prior to sintering. The crystallite size of the initial W powder charge with a particle size of 3–4 μm could be brought down to 8 nm by MM for 5 h in WC grinding media. Further milling resulted in a high level of WC contamination, which apparently was due to work hardening and the grain refinement of W. A sintered density as high as 97.4% was achieved by sintering cold, isostatically pressed nanocrystalline (8 nm) W powder at 1790 °C for 900 min. The microstructure of the sintered rods showed the presence of deformation bands, but no cracks, within a large number of W grains. The mechanical properties, when compared with the hardness and elastic modulus, of the sintered nano-W specimen were somewhat superior to those reported for the conventional sintered W.

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