Ward Variant of High Expressed Emotions Discovered in a Health Worker Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria

High Expressed Emotion (HEE) is a collection of distinct attitudinal expressions characterized by critical, hostile and emotionally over-involved attitude towards a family member with a psychotic disorder, though more common with schizophrenia. It is however pertinent to state that, EE has also been documented between health workers and patients in the hospital and community settings. The Camberwell Family Interview (CBI) and its modified versions are objectively used to assess the expressed emotion (EE) in such situations. We report an interesting case of a young female health worker subjected to classical features of high expressed emotions in a hospital ward setting.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of helicobacter pylori in diabetes patients and health workers at a tertiary hospital in south west Nigeria

Research Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/rejhs.v7i2.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

O.O. Adeleye ◽

O.A. Odusan ◽

A.O. Ale ◽

A.A. Oyelekan ◽

O.T. Afe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Health Workers ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

South West ◽

Diabetes Patients

Download Full-text

Natural disasters and COVID-19: health worker preparedness and response

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202133101007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 331 ◽

pp. 01007

Author(s):

Dewi Wahyuni ◽

Syamsunasir ◽

Adi Subiyanto ◽

Anissa Nurur Rachmatika ◽

Tri Winugroho

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Social Media ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Data Collection ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Health Worker ◽

Natural Disaster ◽

Health Workers ◽

Community Settings ◽

Primary Health

The purpose of this study was to determine the preparedness of health workers individually and in the workplace to deal with natural disasters during COVID-19. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires through social media with a total number of respondents, namely 68 health workers. The research questionnaire was adapted from the COVID-19 Preparedness Checklist for Rural Primary Health Care and Community Settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health workers' personal readiness to deal with natural disasters is still lacking. Primary health care and hospitals do not yet have adequate health facilities to deal with COVID-19, and in the case of a natural disaster, the situation will worsen.

Download Full-text

Expressed Emotion in the Client-Professional Dyad

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.20.4.237 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Van Humbeeck ◽

Ch. Van Audenhove ◽

G. Storms ◽

M. De Hert ◽

G. Pieters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Relationship ◽

Correlation Matrix ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Expressed Emotion ◽

Family Interview ◽

Insufficient Time ◽

Perceived Criticism

Summary: Background: This article reports on a study of the concurrent validity between the standard expressed emotion instrument, the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), and two alternative EE measures, the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). Methods: The research sample consisted of 56 schizophrenic clients, who were residing in sheltered residences, and 56 professionals. Results: Based on the results of the correlation matrix between all the subscales of the instruments, a significantly positive relationship was found between the criticism scale of the CFI, the total score of the LEE, and the client version of the PCS. These correlations, however, were rather weak, which implies that the three instruments have little in common with each other. The professionals' version of the PCS does not appear to be an EE instrument. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CFI still remains the best instrument for assessing EE in a therapeutic relationship (between a professional and a client). If there is insufficient time to administer the CFI, then the client version of the PCS and the LEE can be used with the qualification that the PCS and LEE also measure other aspects and thus cannot completely replace the CFI. Nevertheless, the research indicates that asking the clients would seem to provide a better indication of the level of the professionals' criticism rather than asking the professionals themselves directly.

Download Full-text

Clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of individual mental health workers colocated within primary care practices: a systematic literature review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e042052

Author(s):

Jean-Baptiste Woods ◽

Geva Greenfield ◽

Azeem Majeed ◽

Benedict Hayhoe

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Health Worker ◽

Health Workers ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Mental Health Workers ◽

Mental Health Worker ◽

Care Practices ◽

Primary Care Practices

ObjectivesMental health disorders contribute significantly to the global burden of disease and lead to extensive strain on health systems. The integration of mental health workers into primary care has been proposed as one possible solution, but evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness of this approach is unclear. We reviewed the clinical and cost effectiveness of mental health workers colocated within primary care practices.DesignSystematic literature review.Data sourcesWe searched the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Healthcare Management Information Consortium (HMIC) and Global Health databases.Eligibility criteriaAll quantitative studies published before July 2019 were eligible for the review; participants of any age and gender were included. Studies did not need to report a certain outcome measure or comparator in order to be eligible.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a standardised table; however, pooled analysis proved unfeasible. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool and the Cochrane collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.ResultsFifteen studies from four countries were included. Mental health worker integration was associated with mental health benefits to varied populations, including minority groups and those with comorbid chronic diseases. Furthermore, the interventions were correlated with high patient satisfaction and increases in specialist mental health referrals among minority populations. However, there was insufficient evidence to suggest clinical outcomes were significantly different from usual general practitioner care.ConclusionsWhile there appear to be some benefits associated with mental health worker integration in primary care practices, we found insufficient evidence to conclude that an onsite primary care mental health worker is significantly more clinically or cost effective when compared with usual general practitioner care. There should therefore be an increased emphasis on generating new evidence from clinical trials to better understand the benefits and effectiveness of mental health workers colocated within primary care practices.

Download Full-text

Approaches to motivate physicians and nurses in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review

Human Resources for Health ◽

10.1186/s12960-020-00522-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jaya Gupta ◽

Mariya C. Patwa ◽

Angel Khuu ◽

Andreea A. Creanga

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Health Worker ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Health Workers ◽

Trial Group ◽

Middle Income ◽

Group Design ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Worker Motivation

AbstractPoor health worker motivation, and the resultant shortages and geographic imbalances of providers, impedes the provision of quality care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review summarizes the evidence on interventions used to motivate health workers in LMICs. A standardized keyword search strategy was employed across five databases from September 2007 -September 2017. Studies had to meet the following criteria: original study; doctors and/or nurses as target population for intervention(s); work motivation as study outcome; study design with clearly defined comparison group; categorized as either a supervision, compensation, systems support, or lifelong learning intervention; and conducted in a LMIC setting. Two independent reviewers screened 3845 titles and abstracts and, subsequently, reviewed 269 full articles. Seven studies were retained from China (n = 1), Ghana (n = 2), Iran (n = 1), Mozambique (n = 1), and Zambia (n = 2). Study data and risk of bias were extracted using a standardized form. Though work motivation was the primary study outcome, four studies did not provide an outcome definition and five studies did not describe use of a theoretical framework in the ascertainment. Four studies used a randomized trial—group design, one used a non-randomized trial—group design, one used a cross-sectional design, and one used a pretest–posttest design. All three studies that found a significant positive effect on motivational outcomes had a supervision component. Of the three studies that found no effects on motivation, two were primarily compensation interventions and the third was a systems support intervention. One study found a significant negative effect of a compensation intervention on health worker motivation. In conducting this systematic review, we found there is limited evidence on successful interventions to motivate health workers in LMICs. True effects on select categories of health workers may have been obscured given that studies included health workers with a wide range of social and professional characteristics. Robust studies that use validated and culturally appropriate tools to assess worker motivation are greatly needed in the Sustainable Development Goals era.

Download Full-text

A health worker knowledge, attitudes and practices survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control in South Africa

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05812-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saiendhra Vasudevan Moodley ◽

Muzimkhulu Zungu ◽

Molebogeng Malotle ◽

Kuku Voyi ◽

Nico Claassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Worker ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Facilities ◽

World Health ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Health workers are crucial to the successful implementation of infection prevention and control strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facilities. The aim of our study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control knowledge and attitudes of frontline health workers in four provinces of South Africa as well as explore some elements of health worker and health facility infection prevention and control practices. Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilised. The study population comprised both clinical and non-clinical staff working in casualty departments, outpatient departments, and entrance points of health facilities. A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed using the World Health Organization guidance as the basis for the knowledge questions. COVID-19 protocols were observed during data collection. Results A total of 286 health workers from 47 health facilities at different levels of care participated in the survey. The mean score on the 10 knowledge items was 6.3 (SD = 1.6). Approximately two-thirds of participants (67.4%) answered six or more questions correctly while less than a quarter of all participants (24.1%) managed to score eight or more. A knowledge score of 8 or more was significantly associated with occupational category (being either a medical doctor or nurse), age (< 40 years) and level of hospital (tertiary level). Only half of participants (50.7%) felt adequately prepared to deal with patients with COVD-19 at the time of the survey. The health workers displaying attitudes that would put themselves or others at risk were in the minority. Only 55.6% of participants had received infection prevention and control training. Some participants indicated they did not have access to medical masks (11.8%) and gloves (9.9%) in their departments. Conclusions The attitudes of participants reflected a willingness to engage in appropriate SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control practices as well as a commitment to be involved in COVID-19 patient care. Ensuring adequate infection prevention and control training for all staff and universal access to appropriate PPE were identified as key areas that needed to be addressed. Interim and final reports which identified key shortcomings that needed to be addressed were provided to the relevant provincial departments of health.

Download Full-text

How to do (or not to do)… Measuring health worker motivation in surveys in low- and middle-income countries

Health Policy and Planning ◽

10.1093/heapol/czx153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 192-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J Borghi ◽

J Lohmann ◽

E Dale ◽

F Meheus ◽

J Goudge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Worker ◽

Low Income ◽

Health Workers ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

High Quality Research ◽

Quality Health Care ◽

Middle Income ◽

Health Worker Motivation ◽

Worker Motivation

Abstract A health system’s ability to deliver quality health care depends on the availability of motivated health workers, which are insufficient in many low income settings. Increasing policy and researcher attention is directed towards understanding what drives health worker motivation and how different policy interventions affect motivation, as motivation is key to performance and quality of care outcomes. As a result, there is growing interest among researchers in measuring motivation within health worker surveys. However, there is currently limited guidance on how to conceptualize and approach measurement and how to validate or analyse motivation data collected from health worker surveys, resulting in inconsistent and sometimes poor quality measures. This paper begins by discussing how motivation can be conceptualized, then sets out the steps in developing questions to measure motivation within health worker surveys and in ensuring data quality through validity and reliability tests. The paper also discusses analysis of the resulting motivation measure/s. This paper aims to promote high quality research that will generate policy relevant and useful evidence.

Download Full-text

Visual loss from mismanaged ocular injury with foreign body impaction: A Case Report

Annals of Health Research ◽

10.30442/ahr.0402-12-23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

Ifedayo O. Akintoye ◽

Caroline O. Adeoti

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Health Workers ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Health Concern ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Health Extension Workers ◽

Foreign Body Impaction ◽

Upper Lid

Ocular injury occurs commonly and it may lead to visual impairment if it is not properly managed. We report the case of a 35-year old man with a retained infected ocular foreign body in his right eye following an injury. The foreign body was not discovered despite consulting non-ophthalmologists at a Maternity Centre and an Optical Shop over a period of ten days. At presentation at the Specialist Hospital, he was unable to see with swelling of the eyelid, red eye and discharge. On examination, the visual acuity in the affected eye was NLP and an infected stick that penetrated the eyeball was discovered in the superonasal aspect of sclera covered by the swollen upper lid. This resulted in endophthalmitis, cataract and blindness of that eye. Ocular injuries must be promptly referred to the ophthalmologist for appropriate care and to prevent complications. The case clearly showed a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for paramedics who encounter eye injuries outside the tertiary hospital setting. Therefore, this report raises public health concern intended to increase awareness on the management of eye injuries. The incorporation of Primary Eye Health into Primary Health Care along with training and re-training of Community Health Extension Workers, General Practitioners and other rural health workers cannot be overemphasized.

Download Full-text

The use of dried tube specimens of Plasmodium falciparum in an external quality assessment programme to evaluate health worker performance for malaria rapid diagnostic testing in healthcare centres in Togo

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49988/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monique Ameyo DORKENOO ◽

Kafui Codjo Kouassi ◽

Adjane K. Koura ◽

Martin L Adams ◽

Komivi Gbada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Quality Management ◽

Health Worker ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Centre ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Malaria Rdts ◽

National Quality

Abstract BackgroundThe use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to diagnose malaria is common in sub-Saharan African laboratories, remote primary health facilities and in the community. Currently, there is a lack of reliable methods to ascertain health worker competency to accurately use RDTs in the testing and diagnosis of malaria. Dried tube specimens (DTS) have been shown to be a consistent and useful method for quality control of malaria RDTs, however, its application in National Quality Management programmes has been limited.MethodsA Plasmodium falciparum strain was grown in culture and harvested to create DTS of varying parasite density (0, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 parasites/µL). Using the dried tube specimens as quality control material, a proficiency testing (PT) programme was carried out in 80 representative health centres in Togo. Health worker competency for performing malaria RDTs was assessed using five blinded DTS samples, and the DTS were tested in the same manner as a patient sample would be tested by multiple testers per health centre. ResultsAll the DTS with 100 parasites/µl and 50% of DTS with 200 parasites/µl were classified as non-reactive during the pre-PT quality control step. Therefore, data from these parasite densities were not analysed as part of the PT dataset. PT scores across all 80 facilities and 235 testers was 100% for 0 parasites/µl, 63% for 500 parasites/µl and 93% for 1,000 parasites/µl. Overall, 59% of the 80 healthcare centres that participated in the PT programme received a score of 80% or higher on a set of 0, 500 and 1,000 parasites/ µl DTS samples. Sixty percent of health workers at these centres recorded correct test results for all three samples.ConclusionsThe use of DTS for a malaria PT programme was the first of its kind ever conducted in Togo. The ease of use and stability of the DTS illustrates that they this type of samples can be considered for the assessment of staff competency. The implementation of quality management systems, refresher training and expanded PT at remote testing facilities are essential elements to improve the quality of malaria diagnosis.

Download Full-text