Danger, Sex, and Everything Else

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lucía Cores-Sarría ◽  
Brent J. Hale ◽  
Annie Lang
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Content Category ◽  
Camera Angle ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. This study tests the effects of camera distance and camera angle on emotional response across four categories of pictures covering a large emotional range (positive and negative miscellanea, erotica, and threat), using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) –a large database of emotionally evocative photographs. We content analyzed 722 images for the content category and camera framing (distance and angle), employing these as independent factors in analyses, and used the IAPS’ pre-existing normative average ratings of emotional valence, arousal, and dominance as dependent variables. As hypothesized, affective responses were generally increased by closer framing and high and low angles (compared to straight angles), but the content of the picture played an important role in determining effect strength and direction. In particular, closeness increased arousal for all picture groups but had the opposite effect on positive miscellaneous pictures, straight angles decreased the emotional response for the two miscellanea groups, and low angles increased the emotional response for threatening pictures. This study is the first to show that previously found camera framing effects apply to pictures of high emotional intensity (e.g., erotica and threat). We suggest that future work should consider formal manipulations alongside message content.

Lying and perception of lies by bilingual speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1313-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Kreyßig ◽  
Agnieszka Ewa Krautz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
Task Requirements

AbstractMultiple studies on bilingualism and emotions have demonstrated that a native language carries greater emotional valence than the second language. This distinction appears to have consequences for other types of behavior, including lying. As bilingual lying has not been explored extensively, the current study investigated the psychophysiological differences between German (native language) and English (second language) in the lying process as well as in the perception of lies. The skin conductance responses of 26 bilinguals were measured during reading aloud true and false statements and listening to recorded correct and wrong assertions. The analysis revealed a lie effect, that is, statistically significant differences between valid and fictitious sentences. In addition, the values in German were higher compared to those in English, in accordance with the blunted emotional response account (Caldwell-Harris & Aycicegi-Dinn, 2009). Finally, the skin conductance responses were lower in the listening condition in comparison to the reading aloud. The results, however, are treated with caution given the fact that skin conductance monitoring does not allow assigning heightened reactivity of the skin to one exclusive cause. The responses may have been equally induced by the content of the statements, which prompted positive or negative associations in the participants’ minds or by the specific task requirements.

Determinants of educational outcomes: Analysis of the Republic of Tatarstan

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Demetrio Tovar García
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
Educational Trajectories ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Future Work

This paper studies the determinants of educational outcomes in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Using principle component analysis, least squares with robust standard errors, and probit models, I found that family resources, including socioeconomic status, cultural and social capital, show a statistically significant effect on educational achievements and plans about educational trajectories. However, little of the variation in the dependent variables can be explained by variation in family resources. In Tatarstan, as in developed countries, family resources have a low influence on educational outcomes. Moreover, school quality, gender, nationality, peers, health, plans about future work, and other physical and psychological factors play important roles in influencing educational outcomes. Girls obtain better results than boys, and Tatar speakers show higher educational achievements than Russian speakers.

scholarly journals MOTIVES, OBSESSION WITH DEATH AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS IN DARK TOURISM

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Darko Dimitrovski ◽  
Maja Luković ◽  
Vladimir Senić
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Historic Significance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Moderator ◽  
Significant Moderator

Dark tourism varies in form from other types of tourism in that it involves visiting tragic sites or sites where death of historic significance occurred. This study explores the influence of the main motivators on behavioral intentions of those visiting dark tourism events by examining the impact of learning, socialization, relaxation and escape, emotional response and novelty on behavioral intentions, whilst variable death obsession is set as potential moderator of interdependence between independent variables and dependent variables. The findings suggest that learning, emotional response and novelty have a statistically significant impact on behavioral intentions, while death obsession is not seen as significant moderator. Purpose of research was to determine if death obsession as psychological trait have any influence on relation between motivation and behavioral intention in dark tourism event context.

Is It Possible to Enhance Intensity in Guided Imagery Exercises? An Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Laura Elise Seebauer ◽  
Eva Naumann ◽  
Anneke Jacobs ◽  
Myriam Thier ◽  
Gitta A. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Movie Clip ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objective:Guided imagery exercises can have a powerful impact on distressing mental images. Clinically, it is usually recommended to experience these exercises as intensely as possible. However, patients sometimes object to the related instructions. In this study, we tested whether typical clinical instructions aiming at increasing intensity led to a stronger effect of the exercise.Methods:Sixty-four healthy participants watched a trauma movie clip. Then they were pseudo-randomized into one of two strategies (intense, less intense) or a waiting control condition. Dependent variables were self-reported emotional intensity and psychophysiology measures.Results:Participants in the intense ImRS strategy did not experience the exercise as more intense than those in the less intense ImRS strategy on any outcome measure. Both ImRS strategies showed increased sympathetic activation compared to a decrease of activation in the waiting control group.Conclusions:Our results suggest that emotional intensity in guided imagery exercises may not depend very much on the therapist’s instructions.

A Comparison between Methods for Assessing the Resolution of Moving Targets (Dynamic Visual Acuity)

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M Long ◽  
Dawn M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Future Work

A comparison was made between two measures of visual functioning in a dynamic context that required the resolution of moving targets. Performance obtained on a traditional task of dynamic visual acuity, which involves the determination of the smallest target that can be resolved at a given target velocity, was compared with that obtained with an alternative task that essentially reverses the independent and dependent variables. Generally similar patterns of results were obtained across the two procedures, but the alternative procedure appears to offer several advantages such as greater ease of administration, improved precision of measurement, and more-direct assessment of underlying channel activity. The recommended use of the new procedure in future work involving dynamic acuity as well as particular variables that should be carefully controlled in such work (eg target duration and target size) are discussed.

Psychophysiological Response to Acoustic Intensity Change in a Musical Chord

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk N. Olsen ◽  
Catherine J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Psychophysiological Response ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects

This paper investigates psychological and psychophysiological components of arousal and emotional response to a violin chord stimulus comprised of continuous increases (up-ramp) or decreases (down-ramp) of intensity. A factorial experiment manipulated direction of intensity change (60–90 dB SPL up-ramp, 90–60 dB SPL down-ramp) and duration (1.8 s, 3.6 s) within-subjects (N = 45). Dependent variables were ratings of emotional arousal, valence, and loudness change, and a fine-grained analysis of event-related skin conductance response (SCR). As hypothesized, relative to down-ramps, musical up-ramps elicited significantly higher ratings of emotional arousal and loudness change, with marginally longer SCR rise times. However, SCR magnitude was greater in response to musical down-ramps. The implications of acoustic intensity change for music-induced emotion and auditory warning perception are discussed.

scholarly journals Brand as a cognitive mediator: investigating the effect of media brands as a structural feature of textual news messages

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Salla-Maaria Laaksonen ◽  
Alessio Falco ◽  
Mikko Salminen ◽  
Pekka Aula ◽  
Niklas Ravaja
Keyword(s):  
Structural Feature ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Brand Attributes ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Attentional Responses

PurposeThis study investigates how media brand knowledge, defined as a structural feature of the message, influences emotional and attentional responses to, and memory of, news messages.Design/methodology/approachSelf-reports, facial electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography were used as indices of emotional valence, arousal and attention in response to 42 news messages, which varied along the valence and involvement dimensions and were framed with different media brands varying along the familiarity and credibility dimensions.FindingsCompared to the no-brand condition, news framed with brands elicited more attention. The memory tests indicated that strong media brands override the effect of involvement in information encoding, whereas details of news presented with Facebook were not well encoded. However, the headlines of news framed with Facebook were well retrieved. In addition, negative and high-involvement news elicited higher arousal ratings and corrugator EMG activity. News framed with familiar and high-credibility brands elicited higher arousal ratings.Research limitations/implicationsRelevant for both brand managers and audiences, the findings show that building credibility and familiarity both work as brand attributes to differentiate media brands and influence information processing.Originality/valueThe results highlight the importance of media brands in news reading: as a structural feature, the brand is used as a proxy to process the message content. The study contributes by investigating how the type of source influences the reception and encoding of the mediated information; by investigating the emotional effects of brands; and by confirming previous findings in media psychology literature.

Reasoning under uncertainty: heuristic judgments in patients with persecutory delusions or depression

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHIANNON CORCORAN ◽  
SINEAD CUMMINS ◽  
GEORGINA ROWSE ◽  
ROSIE MOORE ◽  
NIGEL BLACKWOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Social Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Reasoning Under Uncertainty ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Heuristic Reasoning ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Future Work

Objective. The substantial literature examining social reasoning in people with delusions has, to date, neglected the commonest form of decision making in daily life. We address this imbalance by reporting here the findings of the first study to explore heuristic reasoning in people with persecutory delusions.Method. People with active or remitted paranoid delusions, depressed and healthy adults performed two novel heuristic reasoning tasks that varied in emotional valence.Results. The findings indicated that people with persecutory delusions displayed biases during heuristic reasoning that were most obvious when reasoning about threatening and positive material. Clear similarities existed between the currently paranoid group and the depressed group in terms of their reasoning about the likelihood of events happening to them, with both groups tending to believe that pleasant things would not happen to them. However, only the currently paranoid group showed an increased tendency to view other people as threatening.Conclusion. This study has initiated the exploration of heuristic reasoning in paranoia and depression. The findings have therapeutic utility and future work could focus on the differentiation of paranoia and depression at a cognitive level.

The Role of Emotions and Perceived Ad Effectiveness: Evidence From the Truth FinishIt Campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152-1158
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Rath ◽  
Molly P. Green ◽  
Donna M. Vallone ◽  
Jodie Briggs ◽  
Maureen Palmerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Discrete Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total N

Purpose: Examine association between emotional valence and intensity prompted by anti-tobacco advertising messages and perceived ad effectiveness among youth/young adults. Design: Online forced-exposure survey data from a nationally weighted, cross-sectional sample of youth/young adults, collected periodically over a 4-year period. Setting: National. Participants: Thirty-seven cross-sectional surveys conducted online from June 2015 to January 2018; total N = 9534. All participants, aged 15 to 21, were in the intervention; no control group. Intervention: Individuals participating in premarket testing of truth ads were forced exposed to one of 37 anti-tobacco ads. Measures: Emotional response, emotional intensity, and perceived ad effectiveness. Emotional response has been previously studied and measured. Including the discrete measure of “concerned” in positive emotions is unique to our study. It patterned with the other positive emotions when each ad was examined by each emotion. Intensity as measured in this study through the 5-point scale (“how much does this ad make you feel”) is unique in the anti-tobacco ad literature. Although several past studies ranked the degree of emotion elicited by ads, they have not incorporated the intensity of emotion as reported by the participant themselves. The scale was used to determine whether perceived ad effectiveness is similar to those used in previous studies. Analysis: Linear regressions were estimated to assess type of emotional sentiment and level of intensity in relation to perceived effectiveness of the message. Results: All 9534 participants were exposed; no control group. The βs indicate how strongly the emotion variable influences the study outcome of perceived ad effectiveness. Positive emotions (β = .76) were more highly associated with perceived ad effectiveness (β = .06). Higher intensity with positive emotional sentiment and high-intensity negative produced the highest scores for perceived ad effectiveness (β = .30). Conclusion: Eliciting a positive, high-impact emotional response from viewers can help improve perceived effectiveness, and in turn, overall ad effectiveness.

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