Higher sensitivity of planted forests’ productivity than natural forests to droughts in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqian Zhong ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Yaning Chen ◽  
Wenping Yuan ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Forests ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

scholarly journals The C:N:P Stoichiometry of Planted and Natural Larix principis-rupprechtii Stands along Altitudinal Gradients on the Loess Plateau, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Fujing Bo ◽  
Yunxiang Zhang ◽  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Pingan Wang ◽  
Xuming Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Resorption Efficiency ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption Efficiency

Carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry plays a critical role in nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and ecosystem functionality. However, our understanding of the responses of C:N:P stoichiometry to elevation and forest management remains elusive. Here we sampled 18 Larix principis-rupprechtii sites along altitudinal gradients (1700-2300 m) on Guandishan Mountain in the Loess Plateau, China. We determined the leaf, litter, and soil C N P contents and C:N:P stoichiometric ratios, as well as nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE), and diameter at breast height (DBH) increments in both planted and natural stands, and then tested the impacts of elevation and stand origin on these parameters’ management. We found different C:N:P stoichiometry between natural and planted forests. The results revealed that: soil C, N, and N:P ratios, litter C:P and N:P ratios, leaf C:N and N:P ratios increased significantly; however, soil C:N ratios, litter P, leaf N and P, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE), and DBH increments decreased significantly with elevation in the planted forests. Soil C,N and N:P ratios, litter C, as well as C:N and C:P ratios increased significantly with elevation in natural forests. The soil N, P and N:P ratios, litter C:P and N:P ratios, leaf C, C:P and N:P ratios, nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE), phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE), and DBH increments were, on average, higher in the planted, rather than natural forests. Our results indicated that there was an enhancing P-limitation in both the planted and natural forests, and the plantations were more restricted by P. Moreover, compared to natural forests, plantations converged toward a higher conservative N- and P-use strategy by enhancing resorption efficiencies of internal nutrient cycling and a higher annual growth rate.

Volatile Compounds of Healthy and Insect-Damaged Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis in Natural and Planted Forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixiang Zong ◽  
Youqing Luo ◽  
Jiao Zhou ◽  
Shujing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Dynamic Headspace ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Holcocerus Hippophaecolus

Volatile compounds of healthy and insect-damaged stems of Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis were analysed using dynamic headspace and thermal-desorption cold-trap injector gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (TCT-GC/MS). Sixteen compounds, belonging to alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and ethers, were identified in the stems of healthy H. rhamnoides sinensis; the compounds in H. rhamnoides sinensis occurring naturally or cultivated in plantations were similar, but the relative contents were significantly different. In plants damaged by Holcocerus hippophaecolus, the nature and content of the volatile compounds were greatly changed. Butanedione and butyl glyoxylate were newly generated after damage by the pest, and the relative levels of pentanal, heptanal, eucalyptol, terpineol, and camphor were sharply increased in both naturally occurring and plantation-grown plants. n-Decane, trans-2-nonen-1-ol, and n-hexadecane levels increased in plants cultivated in the plantation and decreased in natural forests, whereas the levels of other types were reduced. Thus, both the nature and the content of volatile compounds of H. rhamnoides sinensis are affected by H. hippophaecolus damage, providing a theoretical basis to identify the mechanism of pest destruction

scholarly journals Soil Physical Attributes Under Eucalyptus stands With Non-living and Living Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Nayana Alves Pereira ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Julian Júnio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Bruna Anair Souto Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Soil Water Retention Curve ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Physical Attributes

The conservation of ecosystems has benefited from planted forests which provide reforested wood reducing the pressure on deforestation of natural forests. Soil physical attributes determine soil water storage capacity; therefore, they play an important role on plant roots’ development which may compromise plant’s survival. The study tested the influence of soil physical and water attributes on the survival of Eucalyptus spp. clones under dry tropical climate. Two areas were selected, including one with living plants and a second with non-living plants of Eucalyptus spp. clones. Moreover, five soil profiles were studied in each area and the parameters estimated were soil bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curve, pores size distribution, available water capacity, and S index. Soil physical and hydric attributes did not differ between the area with living plants and the one with non-living plants. The saturated hydraulic conductivity in the area surface layer was high for both the living plants and non-living palnts; 331 mm h-1 and 294 mm h-1, respectively. The S index (to give the value) indicated that the structure was suitable for the development of Eucalyptus trees. Furthermore, it was possible to affirm that soil physical and water attributes of the studied areas were promising for the cultivation of Eucalyptus spp. in the dry tropical climate.

scholarly journals The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon sinks in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 9587-9612 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Li ◽  
J. Zhu ◽  
H. Hu ◽  
Z. Guo ◽  
Y. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Forest C

Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests was a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for all forests and planted forests in China (74.6 vs. 25.4 % for all forests, and 62.4 vs. 37.8 % for plantations). However, for natural forests, forest growth made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 vs. 39.6 %). The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation can continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future subject to persistently-increasing forest growth after establishment of plantation.

scholarly journals The relative contributions of forest growth and areal expansion to forest biomass carbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Li ◽  
J. Zhu ◽  
H. Hu ◽  
Z. Guo ◽  
Y. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Relative Contribution

Abstract. Forests play a leading role in regional and global terrestrial carbon (C) cycles. Changes in C sequestration within forests can be attributed to areal expansion (increase in forest area) and forest growth (increase in biomass density). Detailed assessment of the relative contributions of areal expansion and forest growth to C sinks is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control forest C sinks and it is helpful for developing sustainable forest management policies in the face of climate change. Using the Forest Identity concept and forest inventory data, this study quantified the spatial and temporal changes in the relative contributions of forest areal expansion and increased biomass growth to China's forest biomass C sinks from 1977 to 2008. Over the last 30 years, the areal expansion of forests has been a larger contributor to C sinks than forest growth for planted forests in China (62.2 % vs. 37.8 %). However, for natural forests, forest growth has made a larger contribution than areal expansion (60.4 % vs. 39.6 %). For all forests (planted and natural forests), growth in area and density has contributed equally to the total C sinks of forest biomass in China (50.4 % vs. 49.6 %).The relative contribution of forest growth of planted forests showed an increasing trend from an initial 25.3 % to 61.0 % in the later period of 1998 to 2003, but for natural forests, the relative contributions were variable without clear trends, owing to the drastic changes in forest area and biomass density over the last 30 years. Our findings suggest that afforestation will continue to increase the C sink of China's forests in the future, subject to sustainable forest growth after the establishment of plantations.

Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-731
Author(s):  
Arie Vinograd ◽  
Eli Zaady ◽  
Jaime Kigel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Dispersal Vectors ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Aims Management of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal protection. This management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta, resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the corrals. After abandonment, corrals are colonized by ruderal species, becoming focal sources for their spread in the forest. We aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals, in order to alleviate their negative impact in the forest. Methods Relationships between temporal changes in the vegetation, the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev, Israel. The region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate, with high dominance of annual species in the grazing range. Important Findings Abandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned corrals. Subsequent successional changes occur at a slow rate, driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals, and were still in progress 20 years after abandonment. Ruderals were gradually replaced, first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses, but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this period. Recovery of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation, not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after abandonment. Ruderal species in the grazed, planted forests behave as patch-tracking metapopulations. Their persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals, and on the availability of dispersal vectors.

scholarly journals Earthworm Diversity, Forest Conversion and Agroforestry in Quang Nam Province, Vietnam

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Rachmat Mulia ◽  
Sam Van Hoang ◽  
Van Mai Dinh ◽  
Ngoc Bich Thi Duong ◽  
Anh Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Local Livelihoods

The conversion of natural forests to different land uses still occurs in various parts of Southeast Asia with poor records of impact on ecosystem services and biodiversity. We quantified such impacts on earthworm diversity in two communes of Quang Nam province, Vietnam. Both communes are situated within buffer zones of a nature reserve where remaining natural forests are under threat of continued conversion. We identified 25 different earthworm species, out of which 21 were found in natural forests, 15 in agroforestry, 14 in planted forests, and seven each in annual croplands and home gardens. Out of the six species that were omnipresent inhabitants of all observed habitats, Pontoscolex corethrurus largely dominated habitats with intensive anthropogenic activities but was rare in natural forests. Natural and regenerated forests had a much denser earthworm population in the top 10 cm of soil rather than in deeper soil layers. We conclude that the conversion of natural forests into different land uses has reduced earthworm diversity which can substantially affect soil health and ecosystem functions in the two communes. Protection of the remaining natural forests is urgent, while the promotion of a tree-based farming system such as agroforestry can reconcile earthworm conservation and local livelihoods.

scholarly journals Certificação florestal: acesso a mercado ou mercado de acesso? / Forest certification: a good deal for whom?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Waleska Reali de Oliveira Braga ◽  
Andrea Rossi Scalco ◽  
Gessuir Pigatto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
World Market ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Voluntary Certification ◽  
Forest Concessions ◽  
The Government

A crescente preocupação com as questões ambientais, principalmente com o avanço do desmatamento ilegal de florestas nativas, fortaleceu uma demanda por madeira certificada no mercado brasileiro e mundial. Essa tem sido a justificativa para no crescente mercado de certificações na área florestal, bem como a descentralização de gestão por parte governo por meio das concessões de florestas nacionais. Baseado neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da certificação florestal para acesso ao uso dos recursos madeireiros por meio manejo das florestas naturais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo visando compreender o público atendido pela certificação florestal dentre os diversos demandadores de madeira, que tipo de floresta está sendo certificada (Nativa ou Plantada), bem como a mudança estrutural do Estado na gestão de florestas públicas a partir do modelo de bom manejo florestal defendido pela certificação voluntária. Como resultado foi possível observar que houve aumento da participação das florestas plantadas na produção florestal madeireira e que a certificação florestal e o manejo florestal sob a forma de concessão de florestas nacionais pelo Estado, não são suficientes para reduzir a níveis significativos o desmatamento no país.AbstractThe growing concern with environmental issues, especially with the advance of illegal deforestation of native forests, strengthened demand for certified wood in the Brazilian and world market. This has been the reason for the growing market of certification in forestry, as well as the government party for management decentralization through the national forest concessions. Based on this context, this study aims to analyze the influence of forest certification to access the use and management of natural forests. Therefore, an exploratory research of qualitative and quantitative order to understand that public forest certification meet among the various wood consumers was held, what kind of forest is being certified (Native or planted) and the structural state of change in management of public forests from good forest management model advocated by voluntary certification. As a result it was observed that there was increase in the share of planted forests in the timber forest production and forest certification and forest management in the form of granting State by national forests, they are not enough to reduce the significant levels of deforestation in the country.

scholarly journals Multi-source remote sensing data improves the classification accuracy of natural forests and eucalyptus plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fluminense Carneiro ◽  
Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Sá Volotão
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

It is challenging to map the spatial distribution of natural and planted forests based on satellite images because of the high correlation among them. This investigation aims to increase accuracies in classifications of natural forests and eucalyptus plantations by combining remote sensing data from multiple sources. We defined four vegetation classes: natural forest (NF), planted eucalyptus forest (PF), agriculture (A) and pasture (P), and sampled 410,251 pixels from 100 polygons of each class. Classification experiments were performed by using a random forest algorithm with images from Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and SRTM. We considered four texture features (energy, contrast, correlation, and entropy) and NDVI. We used F1-score, overall accuracy and total disagreement metrics, to assess the classification performance, and Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance to measure the spectral separability. Overall accuracy for Landsat-8 bands alone was 88.29%. A combination of Landsat-8 with Sentinel-1 bands resulted in a 3% overall accuracy increase and this band combination also improved the F1-score of NF, PF, P and A in 2.22%, 2.9%, 3.71%, and 8.01%, respectively. The total disagreement decreased from 11.71% to 8.71%. The increase in the statistical separability corroborates such improvement and is mainly observed between NF-PF (11.98%) and A-P (45.12%). We conclude that combining optical and radar remote sensing data increased the classification accuracy of natural and planted forests and may serve as a basis for large-scale semi-automatic mapping of forest resources.

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