Institutional and cultural influences on child growth and behavior.

2011 ◽  
pp. 661-691
Author(s):  
George G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
And Behavior

Cultural Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
pp. 695-723
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Katherine D. Blizinsky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Neuroscience ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

Cultural neuroscience is a research field that investigates the mutual influences of cultural and biological sciences on human behavior. Research in cultural neuroscience demonstrates cultural influences on the neurobiological mechanisms of processes of the mind and behavior. Culture tunes the structure and functional organization of the mind and the nervous system, including processes of emotion, cognition, and social behavior. Environmental and developmental approaches play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of culture. Culture serves as an evolutionary adaptation, protecting organisms from environmental conditions across geography. Cultural variation in the human mind, brain, and behavior serves to build and reinforce culture throughout the life course. This chapter examines the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations of cultural neuroscience and its implications for research in population health disparities and global mental health.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Influences on Child Growth in Rural Jamaica

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Desai ◽  
K. L. Standard ◽  
W. E. Miall
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Separation From Parents ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryA semi-longitudinal study of growth in children up to 5 years of age in a rural Jamaican community is described. One of its aims was to investigate the relationship between growth and factors in the social environment such as family structure, parental characteristics, housing and income. A strong relationship between growth and socio-economic variables was found. This apparently masked whatever effects the quality of care or separation from parents may have had upon child growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Caregiver Depression and Behavior on Child Growth in Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M DiGirolamo ◽  
Usha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Lynnette Neufeld ◽  
Juan A Rivera ◽  
Rafael Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
Caregiver Depression ◽  
And Behavior

Association of Early Migration with Child Growth, Cognition and Behavior in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Christodoulou ◽  
Mary Jane Rotheram‐Borus ◽  
Panteha Hayati Rezvan ◽  
Robert E. Weiss ◽  
Mark Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
And Behavior

Dynamic Cultural Influences on Neural Representations of the Self

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Tokiko Harada ◽  
Hidetsugu Komeda ◽  
Zhang Li ◽  
Yoko Mano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
The Self ◽  
Culturally Congruent ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Cultural Schemas ◽  
Cultural Priming ◽  
And Behavior

People living in multicultural environments often encounter situations which require them to acquire different cultural schemas and to switch between these cultural schemas depending on their immediate sociocultural context. Prior behavioral studies show that priming cultural schemas reliably impacts mental processes and behavior underlying self-concept. However, less well understood is whether or not cultural priming affects neurobiological mechanisms underlying the self. Here we examined whether priming cultural values of individualism and collectivism in bicultural individuals affects neural activity in cortical midline structures underlying self-relevant processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biculturals primed with individualistic values showed increased activation within medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during general relative to contextual self-judgments, whereas biculturals primed with collectivistic values showed increased response within MPFC and PCC during contextual relative to general self-judgments. Moreover, degree of cultural priming was positively correlated with degree of MPFC and PCC activity during culturally congruent self-judgments. These findings illustrate the dynamic influence of culture on neural representations underlying the self and, more broadly, suggest a neurobiological basis by which people acculturate to novel environments.

THE CHILD HEALTH CONFERENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (3S) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Supervision ◽  
Health Conferences ◽  
Doctor's Office ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Periodic Examination

THE earliest child health conferences were well-baby clinics whose main purpose was to save the lives of infants through the distribution of clean milk, and advice to mothers on proper feeding. Gradually, during the past 50 years, other factors became important. The purpose of a child health conference today is not only to save lives, but also to promote the best possible physical, mental, and emotional development. Services include periodic examination by a physician to see if a child is developing normally; immunizations; advice and guidance on feeding and behavior problems given by physicians and public health nurses; and referral to the physicians in the community for any needed treatment. These developments parallel the evolution of child health supervision in the doctor's office. First, it consisted of advice on feeding. Then came emphasis on sanitation, hygiene, and prevention of disease. Now it also includes helping parents to understand the emotional and environmental factors which affect child growth and development and safety This changing emphasis demands a re-examination and re-evaluation of the techniques used. Evaluation of Child Health Conferences Health supervision in a child health conference has always had one drawback—the difficulty of coordinating sick and well care. No physician can do his best for a child, either sick or well, without full information concerning many factors in the child's life. Moreover, the line between sick and well is often so hard to draw that neither doctor nor parent is sure of it. And conflicting advice from two sources on what to do and when to do it adds to the parents' confusion.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1407
Author(s):  
Peter Pegler ◽  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

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