The Impact of Social, Psychological, and Biological Factors on Adolescent Body Dissatisfaction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Impact

Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Kumar Yogeeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

Perspectives on the Situation

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-96
Author(s):  
Harry T. Reis ◽  
John G. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews major theoretical positions on the influence of situations for the understanding of both personality and social–psychological processes. We review the history and current status of this topic, and we describe in some detail two recent theories that seem particularly amenable toward resolving the disparate approaches that this distinction often engenders. Broadly considered, our position is that personality and situations must be considered interacting factors, but in a theoretically specific way. The concept of affordance—that situations provide opportunities for the expression of certain personality traits—is central to our analysis. We also discuss several issues that personality and social psychologists might profitably consider to provide better grounding for theories and research about the impact of situations on behavior.

Procedural fairness: Between human rights law and social psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 092405192199274
Author(s):  
Cathérine Van de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Justice Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Fair procedures have long been a topic of great interest for human rights lawyers. Yet, few authors have drawn on research from other disciplines to enrich the discussion. Social psychological procedural justice research has demonstrated in various applications that, besides the final outcome, the manner in which one’s case is handled matters to people as well. Such research has shown the impact of procedural justice on individuals’ well-being, their acceptance of unfavourable decisions, perceptions of legitimacy and public confidence. The ECtHR has confirmed the desirability of these effects in its fair trial jurisprudence. Thus far, it remains unclear to what extent the guarantees offered by Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the right to a fair trial) coincide with the findings of empirical procedural justice research. This article aims to rectify this and uncover similarities between the two disciplines.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis reveals the environmental and host factors shaping the structure and function of the shrimp microbiota

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cornejo-Granados ◽  
Luigui Gallardo-Becerra ◽  
Miriam Leonardo-Reza ◽  
Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo ◽  
Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
The Impact

The shrimp or prawn is the most valuable traded marine product in the world market today and its microbiota plays an essential role in its development, physiology, and health. The technological advances and dropping costs of high-throughput sequencing have increased the number of studies characterizing the shrimp microbiota. However, the application of different experimental and bioinformatics protocols makes it difficult to compare different studies to reach general conclusions about shrimp microbiota. To meet this necessity, we report the first meta-analysis of the microbiota from freshwater and marine shrimps using all publically available sequences of the 16S ribosomal gene (16S rRNA gene). We obtained data for 199 samples, in which 63.3% were from marine (Alvinocaris longirostris, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon), and 36.7% were from freshwater (Macrobrachium asperulum, Macrobrachium nipponense, Macrobranchium rosenbergii, Neocaridina denticulata) shrimps. Technical variations among studies, such as selected primers, hypervariable region, and sequencing platform showed a significant impact on the microbiota structure. Additionally, the ANOSIM and PERMANOVA analyses revealed that the most important biological factor in structuring the shrimp microbiota was the marine and freshwater environment (ANOSIM R = 0.54, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 21.8, P = 0.001), where freshwater showed higher bacterial diversity than marine shrimps. Then, for marine shrimps, the most relevant biological factors impacting the microbiota composition were lifestyle (ANOSIM R = 0.341, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 8.50, P = 0.0001), organ (ANOSIM R = 0.279, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 6.68, P = 0.001) and developmental stage (ANOSIM R = 0.240, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 5.05, P = 0.001). According to the lifestyle, organ, developmental stage, diet, and health status, the highest diversity were for wild-type, intestine, adult, wild-type diet, and healthy samples, respectively. Additionally, we used PICRUSt to predict the potential functions of the microbiota, and we found that the organ had more differentially enriched functions (93), followed by developmental stage (12) and lifestyle (9). Our analysis demonstrated that despite the impact of technical and bioinformatics factors, the biological factors were also statistically significant in shaping the microbiota. These results show that cross-study comparisons are a valuable resource for the improvement of the shrimp microbiota and microbiome fields. Thus, it is important that future studies make public their sequencing data, allowing other researchers to reach more powerful conclusions about the microbiota in this non-model organism. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims to define the shrimp microbiota.

Impacts of Liberation Pedagogy: The Case of Workers' Education

1983 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hakken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Worker Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberation Pedagogy ◽  
The Impact

Some perspectives with which to evaluate the impact of the pedagogy of liberation on worker education programs in England and the United States are suggested. The pedagogy of liberation is often associated with the work of Paulo Freire and occasionally with that of the Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci. After some initial discussion of the nature of liberation pedagogy, the problems involved in assessing its effectiveness, are discussed in reference to specific worker education programs in England and the United States. The analysis of workers' education involves discussion of the pedagogy which informs particular programs and the social psychological dilemmas which often face the worker/students involved in workers' education. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the research on workers' education for liberation pedagogy.

scholarly journals Obstáculos en la comunicación entre el cerebro y el intestino

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Sanda Pletikosić Tončić ◽  
Mladenka Tkalčić
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder that results from interactions of numerous factors. The biopsychosocial model describes a number of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors, which contribute to the onset and maintenance of symptoms and consequently to quality of life (QoL) impairment. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of several psychological and biological factors on the physical and mental components of QoL in IBS patients. A total of 46 IBS patients completed a set of questionnaires (Big Five Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36) and kept a diary of their mood, daily stress, and symptoms over a period of two weeks. Patients' heart rate variability, serum cortisol, and fecal calprotectin levels were also measured. The results of regression analyses showed that depression (β = -.30) and negative mood (β = -.28) predicted physical QoL, while depression (β = -.45) and positive mood (β = .33) significantly predicted mental QoL. The model, which included calprotectin, cortisol, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative mood, explained a total of 47% of variance of physical and 57% of variance of mental QoL. Our results confirm the role of negative affect in IBS QoL impairment. They also indicate that biological factors seem important for physical QoL in IBS patients. The role of positive mood as a protective factor for mental QoL might be significant for psychological interventions with IBS patients.

scholarly journals СЕЗОННА МІНЛИВІСТЬ БІОГЕННИХ РЕЧОВИН У РІЧЦІ ВОРСКЛА

2014 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. І. Авраменко
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Розглядаються основні чинники, що найбільшевпливають на сезонну мінливість біогенних речовин урічці Ворскла. Встановлено, що важливу роль віді-грають природні циклічні коливання водного стоку ійого зарегулювання. Зазначено пряму залежністьміж життєдіяльністю гідробіонтів та сезоннимвмістом біогенних речовин у водоймах. Наведено ре-зультати досліджень із вивчення впливу гідробіологі-чних (фотосинтетичних) процесів та біологічногофактора на коливання значень вмісту біогенних ре-човин. Підкреслюється, що рівень вмісту біогеннихречовин лімітує розвиток біологічних процесів у воді.Визначено, що мінливість біогенних елементів у річ-ковій воді має чітко виражений сезонний характер.Встановлено залежність між величиною водногостоку й розвитком гідробіологічних процесів. Охарак-теризовано евтрофікаційні процеси річки Ворскла, зякої проводився збір агроекологічної інформації. Specified is the main factors that have the greatest impact on the seasonal variability of nutrients in the river Vorskla. Found that an important role is played by the natural cyclical fluctuations in water flow and its regulation of . Specified is a direct relationship between the vital functions of aquatic and seasonal content of nutrients in water bodies . The results of research on the impact of hydrobiological ( photosynthetic ) processes and biological factors on fluctuations in the values ​​of nutrient content . Emphasized that the levels of nutrients limiting the development of biological processes in the water. Determined that the variability of nutrients in river water has a distinctly seasonal. The dependence on the magnitude of water runoff and the development of hydrobiological processes.

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