Looks like a bad sign: Illusory negative correlation between the outcomes of choice options

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Marciano-Romm ◽  
Assaf Romm ◽  
Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation

Testing the Assumption of Uncorrelated Errors for Short Scales by Means of Structural Equation Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Beauducel ◽  
Anja Leue
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Error Score ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
True Score

It is shown that a minimal assumption should be added to the assumptions of Classical Test Theory (CTT) in order to have positive inter-item correlations, which are regarded as a basis for the aggregation of items. Moreover, it is shown that the assumption of zero correlations between the error score estimates is substantially violated in the population of individuals when the number of items is small. Instead, a negative correlation between error score estimates occurs. The reason for the negative correlation is that the error score estimates for different items of a scale are based on insufficient true score estimates when the number of items is small. A test of the assumption of uncorrelated error score estimates by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) is proposed that takes this effect into account. The SEM-based procedure is demonstrated by means of empirical examples based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised.

Thrombin generation in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S61-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cvirn ◽  
A. Rosenkranz ◽  
B. Leschnik ◽  
W. Raith ◽  
W. Muntean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Age Range

SummaryThrombin generation was studied in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery using the calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in terms of the lag time until the onset of thrombin formation, time to thrombin peak maximum (TTP), endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and thrombin peak height. The suitability to determine the coagulation status of these patients was investigated. Patients, material, methods: CAT data of 40 patients with CHD (age range from newborn to 18 years) were compared to data using standard coagulation parameters such as prothrombin (FII), antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F 1.2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between ETP and FII (p < 0.01; r = 0.369), as well as between peak height and F II (p < 0.01; r = 0.483). A significant negative correlation was seen between ETP and TFPI values (p < 0.05; r = –0.225) while no significant correlation was seen between peak height and TFPI. A significant negative correlation was seen between F 1.2 generation and ETP (p < 0.05; r = –0.254) and between F 1.2 generation and peak height (p < 0.05; r = –0.236). No correlation was seen between AT and ETP or peak. Conclusions: CAT is a good global test reflecting procoagulatory and inhibitory factors of the haemostatic system in paediatric patients with CHD.

Platelet Function in Surgical Stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Naesh ◽  
J T Friis ◽  
I Hindberg ◽  
K Winther
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Elective Cholecystectomy ◽  
Serum Cortisol Concentration

SummaryTen patients for elective cholecystectomy were studied pre-, per- and postoperatively. All had neurolept anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of β-TG, TXB2 and 5-HT and intraplatelet 5-HT were measured. Aggregation to ADP was recorded.Serum cortisol concentration was used as index of the stress response, showing peroperative increase and postoperative decrease. Closely related to this we observed a significant increase in P-β-TG and P-TXB2 with postoperative normalization in 6 patients without complications. P-5-HT had a peak peropera-tively and remained elevated postoperatively. A negative correlation between P--5-HT and decreasing intraplatelet 5-HT postoperatively was observed.High postoperative levels of P--5-HT seem to be related to low arterial Po2 and pulmonary dysfunction. In 3 patients with complications a second increase in P-β-TG, P-TXB2 and partly in P--5-HT was found. Platelets were temporarily refractory to ADP immediately following surgery and showed increased aggregabil-ity postoperatively. We conclude that platelets are activated in surgical stress.

The Contact Phase of Blood Coagulation in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Christe ◽  
P Gattlen ◽  
J Fritschi ◽  
B Lämmle ◽  
W Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
C1 Inhibitor ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin

SummaryThe contact phase has been studied in diabetics and patients with macroangiopathy. Factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) are normal. C1-inhibitor and also α2-macroglobulin are significantly elevated in diabetics with complications, for α1-macroglobulin especially in patients with nephropathy, 137.5% ± 36.0 (p <0.001). C1-inhibitor is also increased in vasculopathy without diabetes 113.2 ± 22.1 (p <0.01).Prekallikrein (PK) is increased in all patients’ groups (Table 2) as compared to normals. PK is particularly high (134% ± 32) in 5 diabetics without macroangiopathy but with sensomotor neuropathy. This difference is remarkable because of the older age of diabetics and the negative correlation of PK with age in normals.

Fifteen Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Parameters in Diabetes Mellitus and in Patients with Vasculopathy

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Christe ◽  
J Fritschi ◽  
B Lämmle ◽  
T H Tran ◽  
G A Marbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

SummaryFifteen haemostasis parameters have been measured in 48 normal persons, 36 diabetics without and 44 with complications and 27 with peripheral arterial disease. Since the patients groups are older than normals, part of the differences are due to age. However, the differences are significant between normals and patients. They become highly significant for the diabetics with complications and nephropathy (Table 7). In diabetics without complications factor VIII functions, fibrinogen and thrombin time are related to age whereas there is a negative correlation for the fibrinolytic activity and antithrombin III. The diabetic complications shade off the correlations, which subsist only for VIIIR: CoF, VIIIR: Ag, ATIII and lysis before stasis. With Hbalc as dependent variable VIIIR:CoF is the only significant predictor variable in diabetics (Table 9).

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: comorbidity mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
E. V. Dontsova ◽  
O. Yu. Olisova ◽  
L. S. Kruglova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Correlation Link

Objectives: to study communications of separate components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and immune and oxidative characteristics of patients with psoriasis in combination with MS. Methods. The research included 312 patients with psoriasis having diagnostic signs of a metabolic syndrome. Biochemical and immunological researches were conducted by means of immunofermental and immunokhemilyuminestsentny analyses. Results. At patients with psoriasis at a combination to MS abdominal obesity, a giperleptinemiya, insulin resistance, high oxidizing potential and hyperactivity of interleukins (ILS) -1β,-6,-8, a factor of a necrosis of tumors an alpha (FNO-α), interferon scale (INF-γ) are noted. the waist circle’ is characteristic direct weak correlation with the pro-inflammatory tsitokina oxidized by lipoproteins of blood (LDL-ok) and with the general oxidizing ability of blood (OOS), weak negative correlation of an indicator - with the general antioxidant ability of blood (OAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The HOMA-IR index has direct correlation link of moderate force with levels of a leptin of blood, LDL-ok, OOS, pro-inflammatory tsitokin, negative correlation of moderate force - with OAS, SOD. At patients with psoriasis with MS direct strong correlation link of level of a leptin of blood with activity of the studied pro-inflammatory cytokine, LDL-ok, OOS moderated is established with the level of insulin in the blood., the HOMA-IR index, strong negative correlation with OAS, SOD. Conclusion. Presence at patients with psoriasis of signs of a metabolic syndrome is followed by increase in activity of immune and inflammatory mechanisms, development of oxidative stress.

A COMPARISON OF PLASMA 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVELS WITH THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS AND 17-KETOSTEROIDS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (IV) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Lingjoerde ◽  
Knut Kirkeby ◽  
Gunnar Hangård
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Cortical Response ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Chronic Polyarthritis ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Plasma 17-OHCS and urinary excretion of 17-KGS and 17-KS have been compared in 24 patients with chronic polyarthritis, who had been treated for years with corticosteroids. All medication was discontinued 3 days before this investigation. To test the adrenal cortical response the patients were given intramuscular injections of 40 IU of a long-acting ACTH preparation twice daily on 6 consecutive days. Plasma 17-OHCS were determined at 8 a. m. before the first ACTH injection and 3 hours after the injection on the first and sixth treatment days. The urinary concentration of 17-KGS and 17-KS were measured in 24 hour samples on the control day, and on the first and sixth days of treatment. The results show a greater variation in the 17-KS groups than in the 17-KGS and 17-OHCS groups, the smallest variation being in the 17-OHCS groups. There is a significant increase in all values after the first ACTH injection and a further significant increase after the sixth injection, but the t-values are much larger in the 17-OHCS groups than in the 17-KS groups, while the 17-KGS groups occupy an intermediate position. The plasma 17-OHCS values correlate better with the urinary 17-KGS than with the 17-KS. The correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KGS is not very good (P > 0.05). There is a negative correlation between 17-OHCS and 17-KS control values, and the correlation after ACTH is very poor. 17-KGS correlate well with 17-KS (P < 0.01).

Negative correlation of osteocalcin with insulin resistance, but not with body fat, in lamin-mutated lipodystrophies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Leclerc ◽  
Kanza Benomar ◽  
George Lion ◽  
Claire Douillard ◽  
Corinne Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Negative Correlation

PROTEIN 24 HIV DAN LIMFOSIT T-CD4+ DI INFEKSI HIV TAHAP I

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
I Made Sila Darmana ◽  
Endang Retnowati ◽  
Erwin Astha Triyono
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spearman Test

Measuring HIV p24 protein is a test which is more practical than determination of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and viral load, as it does not require a very sophisticated instrument and requires a lower cost. Independent predictive value of p24 to the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, clinical progression and survival in HIV-infected patients have been reported. In this study, HIV-infected patients were found to have HIV p24 protein levels inversely proportional to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts by using Spearman test (R2=0.225; p=0.0331). Studies on the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection have not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in stage I HIV infection. Research issue was whether a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIVinfection existed ? The hypothesis was that a correlation between HIV p24 protein levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in stage I HIV infection existed. The study design was cross sectional observational. Subjects consisted of 30 stage I HIV-infected patients treated at the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit, Dr. Soetomo Hospital and VCT Clinic of the Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya from May to July 2014. Stage I HIV infection is an asymptomatic HIV infection or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy and the patient is able to perform normal activities. Levels of p24 were measured by ELISA method and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts using flowcytometry(BD FACSCaliburTM). The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. HIV p24 protein levels in stage I of HIV infection ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 pg/mL, mean of 5.14 pg/mL and a standard deviation of 2.08 pg/mL. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts decreased with a range of 49-559 cells /uL for absolute values and 4.42–26.02% for percentage values Correlations between blood p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts either absolute (r=–0.392, p=0.032) or percentage (r=–0.363, p=0.049) were found. In stage I HIV-infected patients, a negative correlation was found between p24 levels and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, in both CD4+T-lymphocyte counts as absolute and as well as percentage values. This negative correlation showed that the p24 HIV levels were inversely proportional to the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. HIV p24 protein levels have a possibility to be used predicting CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document