Evaluation of three dating-specific treatment approaches for heterosexual dating anxiety.

Substance abuse treatment has been a topic of ongoing debate in the United States since at least the 1960s, when the country witnessed the development of several promising new treatment approaches. Although costs to society in connection with substance abuse point to a continuing need for an effective treatment system, there is only a general understanding of the field. Several factors make it difficult to comprehend the treatment structure: the field is comprised of a sprawling combination of public and private facilities, it strives to treat many types of addicts, and it employs a variety of treatment approaches. While there are general studies that attempt to describe the system and its components, few inquiries probe the inside of specific treatment facilities to discern their evolution, mission, and effectiveness. This article, which examines the Antelope Valley Rehabilitation Centers (AVRCs), is one such analysis. Located in rural areas sixty miles from downtown Los Angeles, the AVRCs are Los Angeles County's only directly operated treatment centers. The two centers, at Acton and Warm Springs, are not only the first and fourth largest substance abuse hospitals in the country, but they serve a population larger than that of forty-two states, making them an excellent lens through which to view a portion of the substance abuse treatment system.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC TREATMENT APPROACHES TO THE EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED CHILD

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1097/00000441-196201000-00016 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 243 (1) ◽

pp. 112-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH ◽

GEORGE W. HOLT ◽

GASTON E. BLOM ◽

WILLIAM F. FINZER

Keyword(s):

Emotionally Disturbed ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Disturbed Child ◽

Treatment Approaches

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Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of Autoimmunity

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2009/979258 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Manfred Kunz ◽

Saleh M. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

T Cells ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

New Genes ◽

New Treatment

The precise pathomechanisms of human autoimmune diseases are still poorly understood. However, a deepened understanding of these is urgently needed to improve disease prevention and early detection and guide more specific treatment approaches. In recent years, many new genes and signalling pathways involved in autoimmunity with often overlapping patterns between different disease entities have been detected. Major contributions were made by experiments using DNA microarray technology, which has been used for the analysis of gene expression patterns in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, among which were rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and type-1 diabetes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, a so-called interferon signature has been identified. In psoriasis, researchers found a particular immune signalling cluster. Moreover the identification of a new subset of inflammatory T cells, so-called Th17 T cells, secreting interleukin (IL)-17 as one of their major cytokines and the identification of the IL-23/IL-17 axis of inflammation regulation, have significantly improved our understanding of autoimmune diseases. Since a plethora of new treatment approaches using antibodies or small molecule inhibitors specifically targeting cytokines, cellular receptors, or signalling mechanisms has emerged in recent years, more individualized treatment for affected patients may be within reach in the future.

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HLA Class II Genotype Does Not Affect the Myelin Responsiveness of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9122703 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2703

Author(s):

Judith Derdelinckx ◽

Irene Nkansah ◽

Naomi Ooms ◽

Laura Van Bruggen ◽

Marie-Paule Emonds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Class Ii ◽

Hla Class Ii ◽

Specific Response ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Risk Alleles ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: When aiming to restore myelin tolerance using antigen-specific treatment approaches in MS, the wide variety of myelin-derived antigens towards which immune responses are targeted in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients needs to be taken into account. Uncertainty remains as to whether the myelin reactivity pattern of a specific MS patient can be predicted based upon the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotype of the patient. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the reactivity towards myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides using direct interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT). Next, the HLA class II haplotype profile was determined by next-generation sequencing. In doing so, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between the precursor frequency of myelin-reactive T cells and the HLA haplotype. Results: Reactivity towards any of the analyzed peptides could be demonstrated in 65.0% (13/20) of MS patients and in 60.0% (6/10) of healthy controls. At least one of the MS risk alleles HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DQA1*01:02 and HLA-DQB1*06:02 was found in 70.0% (14/20) of patients and in 20.0% (2/10) of healthy controls. No difference in the presence of a myelin-specific response, nor in the frequency of myelin peptide-reactive precursor cells could be detected among carriers and non-carriers of these risk alleles. Conclusion: No association between HLA haplotype and myelin reactivity profile was present in our study population. This complicates the development of antigen-specific treatment approaches and implies the need for multi-epitope targeting in an HLA-unrestricted manner to fully address the wide variation in myelin responses and HLA profiles in a heterogeneous group of MS patients.

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Unstable Cervical Spine Injuries: Specific Treatment Approaches

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽

10.5435/00124635-199309000-00008 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Steven J. Rizzolo ◽

Jerome M. Cotler

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Cervical Spine Injuries ◽

Spine Injuries ◽

Unstable Cervical Spine

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Phantom Limb Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches

Pain Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2011/864605 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Bishnu Subedi ◽

George T. Grossberg

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Phantom Limb Pain ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Phantom Limb ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Pain Mechanisms ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

The Past

The vast amount of research over the past decades has significantly added to our knowledge of phantom limb pain. Multiple factors including site of amputation or presence of preamputation pain have been found to have a positive correlation with the development of phantom limb pain. The paradigms of proposed mechanisms have shifted over the past years from the psychogenic theory to peripheral and central neural changes involving cortical reorganization. More recently, the role of mirror neurons in the brain has been proposed in the generation of phantom pain. A wide variety of treatment approaches have been employed, but mechanism-based specific treatment guidelines are yet to evolve. Phantom limb pain is considered a neuropathic pain, and most treatment recommendations are based on recommendations for neuropathic pain syndromes. Mirror therapy, a relatively recently proposed therapy for phantom limb pain, has mixed results in randomized controlled trials. Most successful treatment outcomes include multidisciplinary measures. This paper attempts to review and summarize recent research relative to the proposed mechanisms of and treatments for phantom limb pain.

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Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee: a Systematic Review of Conservative Treatment Approaches

10.21203/rs.3.rs-239294/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Lair ◽

Christian Fink ◽

Robert Csapo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Conservative Treatment ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Conservative Therapy ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Spontaneous Osteonecrosis ◽

Pubmed Database

Abstract Background: Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is an insufficiently defined disease. Although recent research suggests that SONK may be caused by subchondral insufficiency fractures, its precise etiology remains unclear. Currently, no therapeutic guidelines exist.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to collate the scientific literature on conservative treatment approaches for SONK and to derive respective recommendations.Methods: The PUBMED database was searched for relevant articles published until November 2020. All articles in German or English language dealing with the conservative therapy of SONK were included. Animal research studies and reviews were not considered. Studies that used specific treatment outcomes as inclusion criterion and those that lacked a conservative treatment group, magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis, reported outcomes of conservatively managed patients or basic descriptions of the treatment modalities were excluded.Results: Twenty-two articles comprising a total sample size of 521 patients were included. Eighteen of the included studies (82%) tested the effects of some form of restriction of weight-bearing, bisphosphonates or a combination of both. Sixteen studies (73%) reported clinical and/or radiological improvements. However, outcomes varied considerably in dependency of the radiologic presentation, demography and further prognostic factors.Conclusion: Many conservative therapy methods appear effective in the treatment of orthopedic syndromes classified as SONK, with the most robust evidence existing for restriction of weight-bearing and bisphosphonates. The heterogeneity of radiologic presentations and treatment outcomes suggests that the generic term SONK might obscure the presence of different underlying pathologies. Indeed, many lesions may represent subchondral fractures, which should be referred to as subchondral fractures of the knee (SFK). A clear delineation of the disorders and standardized MRI-based diagnostic criteria are required.

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Clinicians’ views on treatment adaptations for men with eating disorders: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e021934 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emma Kinnaird ◽

Caroline Norton ◽

Kate Tchanturia

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cultural Perceptions ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Qualitative Interview Study ◽

Men With Eating Disorders ◽

Male Specific ◽

The Impact

ObjectivesDespite traditional views of eating disorders as a female illness, there is a growing body of evidence that the incidence rate of eating disorders in men is rising. Research suggests that these men may experience unique symptoms and difficulties, however, it is unclear how these unique needs may impact treatment. The aim of this study was to explore clinicians’ views on whether men have gender-specific treatment needs, and how far these needs require treatment adaptations.DesignQualitative interview study using framework analysis to explore the experiences of clinicians working with men with eating disorders.SettingOutpatient National Health Service eating disorder service in London.ParticipantsTen clinicians from a variety of clinical backgrounds participated in the study.ResultsThe following three themes emerged: male-specific issues identified by clinicians, treatment approaches used for this population and the importance of creating a male-friendly environment. Male-specific issues identified by participants included an increased focus on muscularity and difficulty expressing or discussing emotion. Clinicians also suggested that men may be more likely to adopt a performance-based approach to. This was linked by clinicians to the impact of cultural perceptions of masculinity on their patients. Clinicians in this study felt that these individual needs could be met by adapting existing approaches within a supportive, male-friendly environment. However, there was not consensus over specific adaptations, including identifying risk, the need for male-only groups, or whether male patients needed access to male clinicians.ConclusionsAlthough men do present with specific treatment needs, these can typically be met within the framework of typical treatment approaches by experienced clinicians in an environment sensitive to the presence of men in an otherwise female-dominated space. However, there are a lack of explicit guidelines for this process, and areas such as male-only treatment spaces require further research.

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Current Landscape of Breast Cancer Imaging and Potential Quantitative Imaging Markers of Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancers Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12061511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1511 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ella F. Jones ◽

Deep K. Hathi ◽

Rita Freimanis ◽

Rita A. Mukhtar ◽

A. Jo Chien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽

Breast Imaging ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Treatment Approaches ◽

Imaging Markers

In recent years, neoadjuvant treatment trials have shown that breast cancer subtypes identified on the basis of genomic and/or molecular signatures exhibit different response rates and recurrence outcomes, with the implication that subtype-specific treatment approaches are needed. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers present a unique set of challenges for determining optimal neoadjuvant treatment approaches. There is increased recognition that not all ER+ breast cancers benefit from chemotherapy, and that there may be a subset of ER+ breast cancers that can be treated effectively using endocrine therapies alone. With this uncertainty, there is a need to improve the assessment and to optimize the treatment of ER+ breast cancers. While pathology-based markers offer a snapshot of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, non-invasive imaging of the ER disease in response to treatment would provide broader insights into tumor heterogeneity, ER biology, and the timing of surrogate endpoint measurements. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of breast imaging in neoadjuvant studies and highlight the technological advances in each imaging modality. We then further examine some potential imaging markers for neoadjuvant treatment response in ER+ breast cancers.

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A multicentre randomized controlled trial on trans-generational attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in mothers and children (AIMAC): an exploratory analysis of predictors and moderators of treatment outcome

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 49-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Charlotte Jaite ◽

Betteke Maria van Noort ◽

Timo D. Vloet ◽

Erika Graf ◽

Viola Kappel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Externalizing Symptoms ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

Adhd Treatment ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Maternal Adhd

Abstract. Objective: We examined predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in mothers and children diagnosed with ADHD in a large multicentre RCT. Method: In total, 144 mother-child dyads with ADHD were randomly assigned to either a maternal ADHD treatment (group psychotherapy and open methylphenidate medication, TG) or to a control treatment (individual counselling without psycho- or pharmacotherapy, CG). After maternal ADHD treatment, parent-child training (PCT) for all mother-child dyads was added. The final analysis set was based on 123 dyads with completed primary outcome assessments (TG: n = 67, CG: n = 56). The primary outcome was the change in each child’s externalizing symptoms. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: The severity of the child’s externalizing problem behaviour in the family at baseline predicted more externalizing symptoms in the child after PCT, independent of maternal treatment. When mothers had a comorbid depression, TG children showed more externalizing symptoms after PCT than CG children of depressive mothers. No differences between the treatment arms were seen in the mothers without comorbid depression. Conclusions: Severely impaired mothers with ADHD and depressive disorder are likely to need additional disorder-specific treatment for their comorbid psychiatric disorders to effectively transfer the contents of the PCT to the home situation (CCTISRCTN73911400).

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