Prey death rates and rate of increase of arthropod predator populations

Nature ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 255 (5503) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. LAWTON ◽  
M. P. HASSELL ◽  
J. R. BEDDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Death Rates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Arthropod Predator

scholarly journals The outcomes of concomitant craniocerebral and skeletal injuries in Tashkent

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-2) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
A. А. Turapov ◽  
S. S. Rabinovich ◽  
K. E. Mahkamov ◽  
M. E. Burnashev ◽  
E. Yu. Valiyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Edema ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The outcomes of concomitant craniocerebral and skeletal injuries (CCCSI) in 834 patients in the large industrial city of Tashkent during 2001—2004 are analyzed in this research. The best functional recovery rates were recorded in group IV. The complete loss of work ability number amounts 4,7% from total survived patients. The severe skeleton injuries forms the biggest II group of patients. Death from craniocerebral injuries occurred in 16,1% of patients.Death rates increased by 9,7% times during four years of the research. Annual rate of increase of craniocerebral injuries was 4,9%. The prevalent parts of population were young (21—40 years) and middle-aged (41—60 years) persons, men — 77%. The highest death outcomes occurrence was in III group and severe skeleton injuries. Predominate cause of death — is severe skeleton injuries, lead to bleeding, DIС-syndrome, all kinds shock and severe craniocerebral injuries (SCCI) lead to brain edema and dislocation.

scholarly journals Opioid Deaths by Race in the United States, 2000–2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Alexander ◽  
Magali Barbieri ◽  
Mathew Vinhhoa Kiang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Population ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Opioid Deaths ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The opioid-related mortality rate in the United States more than tripled between 2000 and 2015. However, there were stark differences in the trend for the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations. In this paper we assess differences in opioid deaths by race. We analyze patterns and trends in multiple cause-of-death data to gain a better understanding of how deaths differ by race and what has contributed to changes over time. The trend in race-specific opioid death rates over 2000–2015 can be divided into two periods: 2000–2010 and 2010–2015. The increase in 2000–2010 was more substantial for the white population and was driven by prescription painkillers. Since 2010, the rates of opioid-mortality increase for both the white and black populations have been similar and largely due to heroin and fentanyl-type opioids. For the white population, death rates due to heroin and fentanyl-type drugs decrease with age, but for the black population, the opposite is true. In addition, the number of deaths that involve more than one opioid drug has increased over time, with the rate of increase coinciding with the overall rate of increase in opioid deaths.

scholarly journals A STATISTICAL STUDY OF MORTALITY FROM LEUKEMIA

Blood ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILTON S. SACKS ◽  
ISADORE SEEMAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The recorded death rate from leukemia in the United States has risen continuously since 1900, with an accelerated rate of increase since 1930. The rise from a rate of 1.9 per 100,000 population in 1920 to 3.7 in 1940 represents an increase of 94.7 per cent in this twenty-year period. This increase cannot be accounted for by changes in the age distribution of the population, for the age specific death rates have increased in each age group. The factor of increasing recognition of the disease resulting from improved diagnostic technics and greater use of hospitals with their laboratory facilities must be given adequate consideration in an effort to determine the causes for the rising death rate. White persons are affected at a rate more than twice as great as nonwhites. Some of the difference must be attributed to variations in the availability of diagnostic services. Males experience a rate approximately one-third greater than females. Leukemia affects persons in the older ages, particularly over 55 years, with the greatest frequency, and the population under 5 years of age experiences a mortality rate higher than any other age under 45 years. In the intermediate ages the death rate falls to the lowest point. In 1940 the death rate from leukemia for all ages was 3.7 per 100,000 population. The highest rate, 15.7 per 100,000 occurred in the age group 75-84 years. Under 1 year the rate was 4.9 per 100,000. The lowest rate, 1.5 per 100,000, occurred in the ages from 15 to 2.4 years. Figures for the city of Baltimore for the five-year period 1939-1943 indicate an almost equal incidence of lymphoid and myeloid leukemia. Nearly two-thirds of the deaths studied in Baltimore were reported as acute leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia appears to be more common than acute lymphoid. After age 45 chronic leukemia is more frequently observed; younger persons experience acute leukemia most commonly. Undoubtedly many deaths result from leukemia in which this disease was neither diagnosed nor recorded on a death certificate. Clinical evidence indicates that the causes in which this failure would occur most commonly are cancer, anemia, and diseases of the spleen. Statistical evidence reveals that these conditions are certified jointly with leukemia in a significant number and proportion of cases. Comparison of the experience of several countries indicates that the general trends of mortality from leukemia in the United States are common to the other communities. The death rates per 100,000 population in 1931 adjusted for differences in age and sex composition of the population were: United States, 3.5; England and Wales, 3.0; Paris 2.5; and Canada 2.3. Each year since 1940 more than 5,000 persons in the United States have died from leukemia.

scholarly journals Economic Insecurity and Deaths of Despair in US Counties

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (12) ◽  
pp. 2131-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Knapp ◽  
Usama Bilal ◽  
Lorraine T Dean ◽  
Mariana Lazo ◽  
David D Celentano
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Federal Reserve Bank ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Us Counties ◽  
Deaths Of Despair

Abstract Recent research has implicated economic insecurity in increasing midlife death rates and “deaths of despair,” including suicide, chronic liver disease, and drug and alcohol poisoning. In this ecological longitudinal study, we evaluated the association between changes in economic insecurity and increases in deaths of despair and midlife all-cause mortality in US counties during 2000–2015. We extended a previously developed measure of economic insecurity using indicators from the Census and Federal Reserve Bank in US counties for the years 2000 and 2010. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association of change in economic insecurity with change in death rates through 2015. Counties experiencing elevated economic insecurity in either 2000 or 2010 had higher rates of deaths of despair and all-cause midlife mortality at baseline but similar rates of increase in deaths of despair from 2001 to 2015 compared with counties with stable low economic insecurity. Counties in the highest tertile of economic insecurity in 2000 and 2010 had 41% (95% confidence interval: 1.36, 1.47) higher midlife mortality rates at baseline and a rate of increase of 2% more per 5-year period (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.03) than counties with stable low economic insecurity. Economic insecurity may represent a population-level driver of US death trends.

The Complexity of Health Disparities: More Than Just Black–White Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Molly Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Language Pathology

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.

Effect of pomegranate fruit supplementation on performance and various markers in athletes and active subjects: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alicja Urbaniak ◽  
Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Pomegranate Fruit

Abstract. The aim of the study was to review recent findings on the use of POM supplements in athletes of various disciplines and physically active participants. Eleven articles published between 2010 and 2018 were included, where the total number of investigated subjects was 176. Male participants constituted the majority of the group (n = 155), as compared to females (n = 21). 45% of research described was conducted on athletes, whereas the remaining studies were based on highly active participants. Randomised, crossover, double-blind study designs constituted the majority of the experimental designs used. POM supplementation varied in terms of form (pills/juice), dosage (50 ml–500 ml) and time of intervention (7 days–2 months) between studies. Among the reviewed articles, POM supplementation had an effect on the improvement of the following: whole body strength; feeling of vitality; acute and delayed muscle fatigue and soreness; increase in vessel diameter; blood flow and serum level of TAC; reduction in the rate of increase for HR, SBP, CK and LDH; support in the recovery of post-training CK, LDH, CRP and ASAT to their baseline levels; reduction of MMP2, MMP9, hsCRP and MDA; and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). In the majority of reviewed articles POM supplementation had a positive effect on a variety of parameters studied and the authors recommended it as a supplement for athletes and physically active bodies.

Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
David Pitt ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Ray Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

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