Risk Factors Associated With Newly Diagnosed High Blood Pressure in Men and Women

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the main risk factors associated with the progression to severe disease or death have been typically advanced age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, and chronic pneumopathy. Because of their immunosuppression status, persons with HIV were also expected to have a higher susceptibility to infection or a poor clinical evolution. So far, this has not been confirmed to happen, giving way to hypotheses about the role of immunosuppression or the use of antiretrovirals, which could explain this paradox. In this article we present the existing data on the epidemiology and characteristics of HIV-COVID-19 co-infection, discuss the available evidence on the possible factors involved in the evolution of individuals affected by both viruses, analyze other determinants that may negatively affect persons with HIV during the pandemic, and present recommendations for the prevention and care of COVID-19 infection in the context of HIV.

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A study of risk factors associated with hypertension among the school going children in Puducherry

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 764

Author(s):

Arun Daniel J. ◽

Kavinilavu R.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Private School ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background: High blood pressure in childhood is a predictor of hypertension in adults and its presence is influenced by various clinical and social risk factors. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of high BP in school going children aged 10 years and above; to assess the risk factors associated with high blood pressure; to compare the prevalence of high blood pressure and associated risk factors among the government and private school going children.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during July to August 2016 by selecting two schools situated in the urban field practice areas including 423 children aged 10 to 18 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire in which dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made under standard WHO protocol.Results: The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 12.8%. Factors like age (p=0.005), family history of hypertension (p=0.01), both parents having history of hypertension (p=0.02), poor school performance (p=0.05)and obesity(p=0.001) were significantly associated with high blood pressure among the school children.Conclusions: There were a higher proportion of male hypertensives in the private schools whereas government schools had more female hypertensives.

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Factors Associated with Cause-Specific Death in Russia. Data from Longitudinal Prospective Study 1977-2001

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology ◽

10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-1-4-16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 4-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. A. Shalnova ◽

A. V. Kapustina ◽

A. D. Deev ◽

Yu. A. Balanova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Common Factor ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Related Mortality

Aim.To evaluate the associations between main risk factors (RF) with cause-specific death in cohorts of Russian men and women.Material and methods. Data of a number of crossectional studies conducted in different years by unified base protocol had become the subjects for the study. A total of 12,497 men and 5,039 women aged 35-74 years, residents of Moscow and S-Petersburg (former Leningrad) cities at the moment of examination, were enrolled into the study. We analyzed 17 previously selected risk factors and their associations with cause-specific mortalities: coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), non-CVD, all causes. A total of 10,650 deaths were registered: 8,726 in men (for 10 years) and 1,924 – in women (for 20 years).Results.Men died more often from all the examined causes except for stroke, what was more typical to women. Mortality in men was associated with significantly larger number of RF than in women and correlations were stronger. In particular, smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.75-2.89; р=0.0001), high blood pressure (HR 1.78; 95%CI 1.43-2.22; р=0.0001) and history of CHD (HR 3.23; 95%CI 2.71- 3.84; р=0.0001) significantly increased CHD-related mortality in the men’s cohort but were much less significant for women. The total cholesterol level demonstrated significance in men but was not even selected in the model for women. The main RF for stroke-related mortality were smoking, high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation, while for non-cardiovascular mortality there was only one common factor – smoking. Factors associated with CVD and all-cause mortality were almost the same because CVD cover more than half in the all-cause mortality, however a larger number of predictors were reported in men.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate: 1) considerably larger number of unfavorable risk factors in the men’s cohort, which significantly increased risk for death from any cause; 2) statistically more pronounced relation between risk factors and mortality rates in men as compared to women, especially note that mortality rates were followed up for 10 years in men and 20 years in women. It is obvious that successful prevention focused on risk factors must be gender-based.

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Risk Factors Associated with High Blood Pressure in Two- to Five-Year-Old Children

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia ◽

10.5935/abc.20130227 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Azevedo Aranha Crispim ◽

Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto ◽

Paulo César Brandão Veiga Jardim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Factors Associated

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Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fy305-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Linda B. Bobroff

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Health Problems ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Living Well ◽

Heart Work ◽

Major Revision ◽

Reduce Risk

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses risk factors and ways to reduce risk.

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Sex-specific reference values and determinants of infra-renal abdominal aortic diameter among women and men from general population

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

F Zhu ◽

B Arshi ◽

M Ikram ◽

R De Knegt ◽

M Kavousi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Reference Values ◽

Aortic Diameter ◽

Funding Source ◽

Men And Women ◽

Abdominal Aortic

Abstract Introduction Abdominal aortic diameter has shown to be a marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Among the non-aneurysmal populations, studies regarding abdominal aortic diameter normal reference values are sparse. Moreover, data regarding the associations between cardiovascular risk factors and aortic diameter among men and women are limited. Purpose To establish age- and sex-specific distribution of the infra-renal abdominal aortic diameters among non-aneurysmal older adults from the general population and to investigate the associations between cardiovascular risk factors and aortic diameters in men and women. Methods From a population-based cohort, 4032 participants (mean age, 67.2 years; 60.4% women) with infra-renal diameter assessment and without history of cardiovascular disease were included. Mean and quantile values of diameters were calculated in different age groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the association of cardiovascular risk factors with diameters in men and women. Results The mean crude diameter was larger in men [mean (SD): 19.5 (2.6) mm] compared to women [17.0 (2.4)mm] but after adjustment for body surface area (BSA), the differences were small. There was a non-linear relationship between age and diameter (p<0.001). After 66 years of age, the increase in diameter with increasing age was attenuated. After age 74 years in women and 71 years in men, the relationship between age and infra-renal aortic diameter was no longer statistically significant (Figure). Waist [standardized β (95% CI): 0.02 (0.0–0.04) in women and 0.03 (0.01–0.06) in men] and diastolic blood pressure [0.04 (0.02–0.05) in women and 0.02 (0.0–0.04) in men] were the risk factors for diameters in both sexes. Body mass index [0.02 (0.01–0.09)], systolic blood pressure [−0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01)], smoking status [0.21 (0.02–0.39)], cholesterol [−0.19 (−0.29 to −0.09)], and lipid-lowering medication [−0.47 (−0.71 to −0.23)] were significantly associated with aortic diameter only in women. Conclusion The differences in the crude abdominal aortic diameter between women and men diminished after taking into account the BSA. The abdominal aortic diameter increased steeply with advancing age and up to 66 years of age. However, after 74 years in women and 71 years in men, the diameter values reached a plateau. We also observed sex differences in the associations of cardiovascular risk factors with abdominal aortic diameter. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)

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High blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors in France

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-200110000-00005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1727-1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Roland Asmar ◽

Sylviane Vol ◽

Bruno Pannier ◽

Anne-Marie Brisac ◽

Jean Tichet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

High Blood Pressure

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The Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among 40 Year Old Men and Women

Acta Medica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb01072.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 205 (S626) ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

HANNE HOLLNAGEL ◽

ARNE LETH ◽

HANS IBSEN ◽

FINN KAMPER-JØRGENSEN

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Men And Women ◽

Old Men

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Abstract P148: Neck Circumference as an Independent Contributor to Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors - ELSA BRASIL

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina P Baena ◽

Paulo A Lotufo ◽

Maria J Fonseca ◽

Isabela J Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Men And Women ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Neck circumference is a proxy for upper body fat and it is a simple anthropometric measure. Therefore it could be a useful tool to identify individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of primary care. Hypothesis: Neck circumference is independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in an apparently healthy population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort of 15105 civil servants aged 35-74 years. We excluded from this analysis those who fulfilled American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes diagnosis, were taking antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering drugs. A sex-specific analysis was conducted. Partial correlation (age-adjusted) was used. Risk factors were set as low HDL<50mg/dL for women and <40mg/dL for men, hypertriglyceridemia ≥ 150 mg/dl , hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mg/dl or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR ≥ 75th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to analyze the association between individual and clustered risk factors as dependent variables and 1-SD increase in neck circumference as independent variable. Multiple adjustments were subsequently performed for age, smoking, alcohol, body-mass index, waist and physical activity. Receiver Operating Curves were employed to find the best NC cut-off points for clustered risk factors. Results: We analyzed 3810 men (mean age= 49.0 ±8.3 yrs) and 4916 women (49.2 ±8.0 yrs). Mean NC was 38.9 (±2.6)cm for men and 33.4(±2.6)cm for women. NC positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.21 and r=0.27), HOMA - IR (r=0.44), triglycerides (r=0.31) and negatively correlated with HDL (r= -0.21) in men (p<0.001 for all) with similar results in women. Fully adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI) of risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.46) and 1.42(1.28;1.57) for insulin resistance; 1.24(1.11;1.39) and 1.25(1.11;1.40) for hypertension; 1.33(1.19;1.49) and 1.42(1.29;1.63) for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.07(0.92;1.23) and 1.32 (1.19;1.43) for low HDL. Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 2 clustered risk factor per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.29(1.14;1.48) and 1.37(1.21;1.54 ). Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) of 3 or more clustered risk factors per SD increase in neck circumference in men and women were 1.33 (1.02;1.74) and 1.62 (1.33;1.92). Values of neck circumference of >40 cm for men and >34.1 cm for women were the best cut-off points for 3 or more clustered risk factors. Conclusion: Neck circumference is significantly and independently associated to cardiometabolic risk factors in a well-defined non-treated population. It should be considered as a marker of cardio metabolic risk factors in primary care settings.

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