Risk Factors Associated with High Blood Pressure in Two- to Five-Year-Old Children

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the main risk factors associated with the progression to severe disease or death have been typically advanced age, diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood pressure, heart disease, and chronic pneumopathy. Because of their immunosuppression status, persons with HIV were also expected to have a higher susceptibility to infection or a poor clinical evolution. So far, this has not been confirmed to happen, giving way to hypotheses about the role of immunosuppression or the use of antiretrovirals, which could explain this paradox. In this article we present the existing data on the epidemiology and characteristics of HIV-COVID-19 co-infection, discuss the available evidence on the possible factors involved in the evolution of individuals affected by both viruses, analyze other determinants that may negatively affect persons with HIV during the pandemic, and present recommendations for the prevention and care of COVID-19 infection in the context of HIV.

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A study of risk factors associated with hypertension among the school going children in Puducherry

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 764

Author(s):

Arun Daniel J. ◽

Kavinilavu R.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Private School ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background: High blood pressure in childhood is a predictor of hypertension in adults and its presence is influenced by various clinical and social risk factors. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of high BP in school going children aged 10 years and above; to assess the risk factors associated with high blood pressure; to compare the prevalence of high blood pressure and associated risk factors among the government and private school going children.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during July to August 2016 by selecting two schools situated in the urban field practice areas including 423 children aged 10 to 18 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire in which dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made under standard WHO protocol.Results: The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 12.8%. Factors like age (p=0.005), family history of hypertension (p=0.01), both parents having history of hypertension (p=0.02), poor school performance (p=0.05)and obesity(p=0.001) were significantly associated with high blood pressure among the school children.Conclusions: There were a higher proportion of male hypertensives in the private schools whereas government schools had more female hypertensives.

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Factors Associated with Cause-Specific Death in Russia. Data from Longitudinal Prospective Study 1977-2001

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology ◽

10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-1-4-16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 4-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. A. Shalnova ◽

A. V. Kapustina ◽

A. D. Deev ◽

Yu. A. Balanova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Common Factor ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Related Mortality

Aim.To evaluate the associations between main risk factors (RF) with cause-specific death in cohorts of Russian men and women.Material and methods. Data of a number of crossectional studies conducted in different years by unified base protocol had become the subjects for the study. A total of 12,497 men and 5,039 women aged 35-74 years, residents of Moscow and S-Petersburg (former Leningrad) cities at the moment of examination, were enrolled into the study. We analyzed 17 previously selected risk factors and their associations with cause-specific mortalities: coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), non-CVD, all causes. A total of 10,650 deaths were registered: 8,726 in men (for 10 years) and 1,924 – in women (for 20 years).Results.Men died more often from all the examined causes except for stroke, what was more typical to women. Mortality in men was associated with significantly larger number of RF than in women and correlations were stronger. In particular, smoking (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.75-2.89; р=0.0001), high blood pressure (HR 1.78; 95%CI 1.43-2.22; р=0.0001) and history of CHD (HR 3.23; 95%CI 2.71- 3.84; р=0.0001) significantly increased CHD-related mortality in the men’s cohort but were much less significant for women. The total cholesterol level demonstrated significance in men but was not even selected in the model for women. The main RF for stroke-related mortality were smoking, high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation, while for non-cardiovascular mortality there was only one common factor – smoking. Factors associated with CVD and all-cause mortality were almost the same because CVD cover more than half in the all-cause mortality, however a larger number of predictors were reported in men.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate: 1) considerably larger number of unfavorable risk factors in the men’s cohort, which significantly increased risk for death from any cause; 2) statistically more pronounced relation between risk factors and mortality rates in men as compared to women, especially note that mortality rates were followed up for 10 years in men and 20 years in women. It is obvious that successful prevention focused on risk factors must be gender-based.

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Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fy305-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Linda B. Bobroff

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Health Problems ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Living Well ◽

Heart Work ◽

Major Revision ◽

Reduce Risk

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses risk factors and ways to reduce risk.

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High blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors in France

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-200110000-00005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1727-1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Roland Asmar ◽

Sylviane Vol ◽

Bruno Pannier ◽

Anne-Marie Brisac ◽

Jean Tichet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

High Blood Pressure

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The effects of household income distribution on stroke prevalence and its risk factors of high blood pressure and smoking: a cross-sectional study in Saskatchewan, Canada

Perspectives in Public Health ◽

10.1177/1757913916657118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yelena Bird ◽

Mark Lemstra ◽

Marla Rogers

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Income Distribution ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Household Income ◽

Lower Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Adjustment ◽

Stroke Prevalence

Background: Stroke is a major chronic disease and a common cause of adult disability and mortality. Although there are many known risk factors for stroke, lower income is not one that is often discussed. Aims: To determine the unadjusted and adjusted association of income distribution on the prevalence of stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods: Information was collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada for 2000–2008. In total, 178 variables were analysed for their association with stroke. Results: Prior to statistical adjustment, stroke was seven times more common for lower income residents than higher income residents. After statistical adjustment, only four covariates were independently associated with stroke prevalence, including having high blood pressure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12–3.24), having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.88–3.29), being a daily smoker (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.16–1.58) and being physically inactive (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.13–1.43). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with high blood pressure prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.41–1.63). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with daily smoking prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.25–1.33). Conclusions: Knowledge of disparities in the prevalence, severity, disability and mortality of stroke is critically important to medical and public health professionals. Our study found that income distribution was strongly associated with stroke, its main disease intermediary – high blood pressure – and its main risk factor – smoking. As such, income is an important variable worthy of public debate as a modifiable risk factor for stroke.

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Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽

Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽

Deise Cristiane Moser ◽

Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽

Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

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Prevalence and Determinants of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents: A School based Study in Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20211127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 205-210

Author(s):

Malay Kumar Das ◽

Rabindranath Sinha ◽

Aparajita Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Food Intake ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Fast Food ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: The World Health Organization has already warned of increasing non-communicable diseases among adolescents as a major public health problem. The importance of this age group also lies in the fact that many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots in adolescence. Method: A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used in class-room setting to collect information from students regarding presence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. The respondents were also subjected to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure examination using standard operating procedures. Results: A total of 761 students of class VI-XII participated in the study of which 61.4% were boys and rests were girls. High blood pressure among boys and girls were 19.9% and 22.1% were respectively. In Bivariate analysis age > 15 years (median) (OR= 2.11), fast food intake (>3 times/week) (OR= 1.66), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.22), less physical activity (OR=1.54), increased body mass index (OR=2.53), significantly associated with high blood pressure. In Multivariate analysis age (AOR= 2.25), fast food intake (AOR= 1.50), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.23), less physical activity (AOR=1.71), increased body mass index (AOR=2.42) remains significant predictor. Conclusion: Detecting the risk factors of high blood pressure prevalent in the population is of utmost importance to achieve a healthy population. Formulation and dissemination of need--based, culturally acceptable and age appropriate scientific messages for school students should be conducted more proactively. Keywords: Adolescents, Blood pressure, Risk factor, Rural school.

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