Biophysical changes in subcortical nuclei: the impact of diabetes and major depression

Objective: Poorer mother–infant interaction quality has been identified among women with major depression; however, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of bipolar disorder. This study sought to compare mother–infant emotional availability at 6 months postpartum among women with perinatal major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and no disorder (control). Methods: Data were obtained for 127 mother–infant dyads from an Australian pregnancy cohort. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 was used to diagnose major depressive disorder ( n = 60) and bipolar disorder ( n = 12) in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks) and review diagnosis at 6 months postpartum. Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, along with self-report psychotropic medication use. Mother and infant’s interaction quality was measured using the Emotional Availability Scales when infants reached 6 months of age. Multivariate analyses of covariance examining the effects of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder on maternal emotional availability (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and child emotional availability (responsiveness, involvement) were conducted. Results: After controlling for maternal age and postpartum depressive symptoms, perinatal disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder) accounted for 17% of the variance in maternal and child emotional availability combined. Compared to women with major depressive disorder and their infants, women with bipolar disorder and their infants displayed lower ratings across all maternal and child emotional availability qualities, with the greatest mean difference seen in non-intrusiveness scores. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perinatal bipolar disorder may be associated with additional risk, beyond major depressive disorder alone, to a mother and her offspring’s emotional availability at 6 months postpartum, particularly in maternal intrusiveness.

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Association of age with risk of major depression among patients with chronic kidney disease over midlife: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218001576 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (08) ◽

pp. 1171-1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shih-Feng Chen ◽

Yu-Huei Chien ◽

Pau-Chung Chen ◽

I-Jen Wang

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Major Depression ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Age Groups ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:The impact of age on the development of depression among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at stages before dialysis is not well known. We aimed to explore the incidence of major depression among predialysis CKD patients of successively older ages through midlife.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the longitudinal health insurance database 2005 in Taiwan. This study investigated 17,889 predialysis CKD patients who were further categorized into study (i.e. middle and old-aged) groups and comparison group aged 18–44. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) was applied for coding diseases.Results:The group aged 75 and over had the lowest (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.69) risk of developing major depression, followed by the group aged 65–74 (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49–0.92), using the comparison group as reference. The adjusted survival curves showed significant differences in cumulative major depression-free survival between different age groups. We observed that the risk of major depression development decreases with higher age. Females were at a higher risk of major depression than males among predialyasis CKD patients.Conclusions:The incidence of major depression declines with higher age in predialysis CKD patients over midlife. Among all age groups, patients aged 75 and over have the lowest risk of developing major depression. A female preponderance in major depression development is present. We suggest that depression prevention and therapy should be integrated into the standard care for predialysis CKD patients, especially for those young and female.

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Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio in patients with major depression and the impact of electroconvulsive therapy

The Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine ◽

10.4328/acam.20130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (Suppl 1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

The Impact

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Genetic Variations Associated with Long-Term Treatment Response in Bipolar Depression

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12081259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1259

Author(s):

Gerard Anmella ◽

Silvia Vilches ◽

Jordi Espadaler ◽

Andrea Murru ◽

Isabella Pacchiarotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Clinical Predictors ◽

Patient Response ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

The Impact

Several pharmacogenetic-based decision support tools for psychoactive medication selection are available. However, the scientific evidence of the gene-drug pairs analyzed is mainly based on pharmacogenetic studies in patients with major depression or schizophrenia, and their clinical utility is mostly assessed in major depression. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of individual genes, with pharmacogenetic relevance in other psychiatric conditions, in the response to treatment in bipolar depression. Seventy-six patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and an index major depressive episode were included in an observational retrospective study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and all patients were genotyped using a commercial multigene pharmacogenomic-based tool (Neuropharmagen®, AB-Biotics S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Multiple linear regression was used to identify pharmacogenetic and clinical predictors of efficacy and tolerability of medications. The pharmacogenetic variables response to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (ABCB1) and reduced metabolism of quetiapine (CYP3A4) predicted patient response to these medications, respectively. ABCB1 was also linked to the tolerability of SNRIs. An mTOR-related multigenic predictor was also associated with a lower number of adverse effects when including switch and autolytical ideation. Our results suggest that the predictors identified could be useful to guide the pharmacological treatment in bipolar disorder. Additional clinical studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

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COMT in major depression - UK candidate gene association study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72518-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 813-813

Author(s):

A. Schosser ◽

M.Y. Ng ◽

A.W. Butler ◽

S. Cohen-Woods ◽

N. Craddock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Candidate Gene Association ◽

Genetic Overlap ◽

Haplotypic Association ◽

Single Marker ◽

Icd 10 ◽

System 1 ◽

The Impact

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has a central role in brain dopamine, noradrenalin and adrenalin signaling, and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of affective disorders. The functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 (Val158Met, rs4680) influences the COMT enzyme activity. The Val158Met polymorphism is a commonly studied variant in psychiatric genetics, and initial studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder presented evidence for association with the Met allele. In unipolar depression, while some of the investigations point at an association between the Met/Met genotype and others have found a link between the Val/Val genotype and depression, most of the studies cannot detect any difference in Val158Met allele frequency between depressed individuals and controls.In the present study, we further elucidated the impact of COMT polymorphisms including the Val158Met in MDD. We investigated 1,250 subjects with DSM-IV and/or ICD-10 diagnosis of major depression (MDD), and 1,589 control subjects from UK. A total of 24 SNPs spanning the COMT gene were successfully genotyped using the Illumina HumaHap610-Quad Beadchip (22 SNPs), SNPlex™ genotyping system (1 SNP), and Sequenom MassARRAY® iPLEX Gold (1 SNP). Statistical analyses were implemented using PASW Statistics18, FINETTI (http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl), UNPHASED version 3.0.10 program and Haploview 4.0 program.Neither single-marker nor haplotypic association was found with the functional Val158Met polymorphism or with any of the other SNPs genotyped. Our findings do not provide evidence that COMT plays a role in MDD or that this gene explains part of the genetic overlap with bipolar disorder.

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Towards a dynamic description of major depression epidemiology

Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale ◽

10.1017/s1121189x00003201 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Scott B. Patten ◽

Robert C. Lee

Keyword(s):

Health Policy ◽

Major Depression ◽

Population Health ◽

Markov Models ◽

Transition Probabilities ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Policy Decisions ◽

Future Health ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

The Impact

SummaryAims – The substantial impact of major depression on population health is widely acknowledged. To date, health system responses to this condition have been largely shaped by observational findings. In the future, health policy decisions will benefit from an increasingly integrated and dynamic understanding of the epidemiology of this condition. Policy decisions can also be supported by the development of decision-support tools that can simulate the impact of alternative policy decisions on population health. Markov models are useful both in epidemiological modelling and in decision analysis. Methods – In this project, a Markov model describing major depression epidemiology was developed. The model employed a Markov Tunnel in order to depict the dependence of recovery probabilities on episode duration. Transition probabilities, including incidence, recovery and mortality were estimated from Canadian national survey data. Results – Episode incidence was approximately 3% per year. Recovery rates declined exponentially over time. The model predicted point prevalence at slightly less than 1%, agreeing closely with observed prevalence data. Conclusions – Epidemiological models describing the dynamic relationships between major depression incidence, prevalence, recovery and mortality can help to integrate available epidemiological data. Such models offer an attractive option for support of health policy decisions.Declaration of InterestAcknowledgement: Both authors are Research Fellows with the Institute of Health Economics (www.ihe.ab.ca). This study was supported by an operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (www.cihr.ca).

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Sex similarities and differences in risk factors for recurrence of major depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717003178 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1685-1693 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hanna M. van Loo ◽

Steven H. Aggen ◽

Charles O. Gardner ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Family History ◽

Major Depression ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Population Sample ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression (MD) occurs about twice as often in women as in men, but it is unclear whether sex differences subsist after disease onset. This study aims to elucidate potential sex differences in rates and risk factors for MD recurrence, in order to improve prediction of course of illness and understanding of its underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe used prospective data from a general population sample (n = 653) that experienced a recent episode of MD. A diverse set of potential risk factors for recurrence of MD was analyzed using Cox models subject to elastic net regularization for males and females separately. Accuracy of the prediction models was tested in same-sex and opposite-sex test data. Additionally, interactions between sex and each of the risk factors were investigated to identify potential sex differences.ResultsRecurrence rates and the impact of most risk factors were similar for men and women. For both sexes, prediction models were highly multifactorial including risk factors such as comorbid anxiety, early traumas, and family history. Some subtle sex differences were detected: for men, prediction models included more risk factors concerning characteristics of the depressive episode and family history of MD and generalized anxiety, whereas for women, models included more risk factors concerning early and recent adverse life events and socioeconomic problems.ConclusionsNo prominent sex differences in risk factors for recurrence of MD were found, potentially indicating similar disease maintaining mechanisms for both sexes. Course of MD is a multifactorial phenomenon for both males and females.

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