scholarly journals The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Yang ◽  
Dongyuan Liu ◽  
Xiaowu Wang ◽  
Changmian Ji ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes ◽  
Crop Genome ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The Brassica genus encompasses three diploid and three allopolyploid genomes, but a clear understanding of the evolution of agriculturally important traits via polyploidy is lacking. We assembled an allopolyploid Brassica juncea genome by shotgun and single-molecule reads integrated to genomic and genetic maps. We discovered that the A subgenomes of B. juncea and Brassica napus each had independent origins. Results suggested that A subgenomes of B. juncea were of monophyletic origin and evolved into vegetable-use and oil-use subvarieties. Homoeolog expression dominance occurs between subgenomes of allopolyploid B. juncea, in which differentially expressed genes display more selection potential than neutral genes. Homoeolog expression dominance in B. juncea has facilitated selection of glucosinolate and lipid metabolism genes in subvarieties used as vegetables and for oil production. These homoeolog expression dominance relationships among Brassicaceae genomes have contributed to selection response, predicting the directional effects of selection in a polyploid crop genome.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals A Mating Selection Based on Modified Strengthened Dominance Relation for NSGA-III

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Saykat Dutta ◽  
Sri Srinivasa Raju M ◽  
Rammohan Mallipeddi ◽  
Kedar Nath Das ◽  
Dong-Gyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Front ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Weight Vector ◽  
Dominance Relation ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Pareto Dominance ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Test Suites ◽  
Selection Of

In multi/many-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), to alleviate the degraded convergence pressure of Pareto dominance with the increase in the number of objectives, numerous modified dominance relationships were proposed. Recently, the strengthened dominance relation (SDR) has been proposed, where the dominance area of a solution is determined by convergence degree and niche size (θ¯). Later, in controlled SDR (CSDR), θ¯ and an additional parameter (k) associated with the convergence degree are dynamically adjusted depending on the iteration count. Depending on the problem characteristics and the distribution of the current population, different situations require different values of k, rendering the linear reduction of k based on the generation count ineffective. This is because a particular value of k is expected to bias the dominance relationship towards a particular region on the Pareto front (PF). In addition, due to the same reason, using SDR or CSDR in the environmental selection cannot preserve the diversity of solutions required to cover the entire PF. Therefore, we propose an MOEA, referred to as NSGA-III*, where (1) a modified SDR (MSDR)-based mating selection with an adaptive ensemble of parameter k would prioritize parents from specific sections of the PF depending on k, and (2) the traditional weight vector and non-dominated sorting-based environmental selection of NSGA-III would protect the solutions corresponding to the entire PF. The performance of NSGA-III* is favourably compared with state-of-the-art MOEAs on DTLZ and WFG test suites with up to 10 objectives.

Genetics of fibre and fur production in rabbits.

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Daniel Allain
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This chapter aims to present the genetics of fibre and fur production in the rabbit. It focuses first on general biology of hair covering and hair development of the rabbit. A clear understanding of the biological basis of the coat is essential for a better understanding of the genetic basis of fibre and fur production. It then examines the genetic basis of hair growth pattern and coat composition for fibre and fur production. Selection of rabbit on coat colour, a component of fur production, will be dealt with very briefly. Genetics and molecular genetics of coat colour is the subject of Chapter 6 of this book.

Policy of selecting bulls to breed bulls

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sire Evaluation ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Computer Simulation Program ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTIn the breeding of dairy cattle the selection of bulls to breed young bulls for progeny testing is a crucial process. This paper compares several policies for making this selection based on the criteria-selection response, inbreeding depression, loss of genetic variance and variability of response. A number called the ‘effective number of new bulls to breed bulls selected each year’ (NBBe) is defined which is closely related to the last three of these criteria. Past studies of the design of dairy cattle breeding programmes have assumed that selection is within a group of bulls progeny tested in the same year (policy I). However, modern sire evaluation methods allow comparison of sires tested in different years. To evaluate the effect of selecting bulls to breed bulls from all available bulls (policy II) a computer simulation program was used. Policy II results in an increase in the response to selection but a substantial decrease in NBBe. When compared at the same NBBe, policy II results in a smaller selection response than policy I. A policy which allows the best bulls to be used for more than 1 year but which limits the maximum number of years for which they can be used, results in the best compromise. If bulls are to be used for several years there is little advantage to be gained from making more matings within each year to more high-rated bulls or to older, more reliably evaluated bulls.

Taking leaders at face value: Ethology and the analysis of televised leader displays

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Stewart ◽  
Frank K. Salter ◽  
Marc Mehu
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Facial Display ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Research investigating the influence and character of nonverbal leader displays has been carried out in a systematic fashion since the early 1980s, yielding growing insight into how viewers respond to the televised facial display behavior of politicians. This article reviews the major streams of research in this area by considering the key ethological frameworks for understanding dominance relationships between leaders and followers and the role nonverbal communication plays in politics and social organization. The analysis focuses on key categories of facial display behavior by examining an extended selection of published experimental studies considering the influence of nonverbal leader behavior on observers, the nature of stimuli shown to research participants, range of measures employed, and make-up of participant pools. We conclude with suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Unsupervised selection of optimal single-molecule time series idealization criterion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argha Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Marcel P. Goldschen-Ohm
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Decision Boundary ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSingle-molecule (SM) approaches have provided valuable mechanistic information on many biophysical systems. As technological advances lead to ever-larger datasets, tools for rapid analysis and identification of molecules exhibiting the behavior of interest are increasingly important. In many cases the underlying mechanism is unknown, making unsupervised techniques desirable. The Divisive Segmentation and Clustering (DISC) algorithm is one such unsupervised method that idealizes noisy SM time series much faster than computationally intensive approaches without sacrificing accuracy. However, DISC relies on a user selected objective criterion (OC) to guide its estimation of the ideal time series. Here, we explore how different OCs affect DISC’s performance for data typical of SM fluorescence imaging experiments. We find that OCs differing in their penalty for model complexity each optimize DISC’s performance for time series with different properties such as signal-to-noise and number of sample points. Using a machine learning approach, we generate a decision boundary that allows unsupervised selection of OC based on the input time series to maximize performance for different types of data. This is particularly relevant for SM fluorescence datasets which often have signal-to-noise near the derived decision boundary and include time series of nonuniform length due to stochastic bleaching. Our approach allows unsupervised per-molecule optimization of DISC, which will substantially assist rapid analysis of high-throughput single-molecule datasets with noisy samples and nonuniform time windows.

scholarly journals Acute mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: the “door to support” time

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele L Esposito ◽  
Navin K Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Hemodynamic Assessment ◽  
Cardiac Filling ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Support Time ◽  
Selection Of

Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. CS begins as a hemodynamic problem with impaired cardiac output leading to reduced systemic perfusion, increased residual volume within the left and right ventricles, and increased cardiac filling pressures. A critical step towards the development of future algorithms is a clear understanding of the treatment objectives for CS. In this review, we introduce the “door to support” time as an emerging target of therapy to improve outcomes associated with CS, define four key treatment objectives in the management of CS, discuss the importance of early hemodynamic assessment and appropriate selection of acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) devices for CS, and introduce a classification scheme that identifies subtypes of CS based on cardiac filling pressures.

Choosing trial sites to maximize selection response for grain yield in spring wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Pederson ◽  
AJ Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Optimum Selection ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Selection Of

Nine sites used in a wheat breeding programme in South Australia were investigated. Of the six major sites, four occupy farmers' fields and two are located on experiment stations. The data analysed comprised grain yields of 31 genotypes grown in 31 trials over a 5-year period. Relative to that grown at non-station sites, wheat grown at the experiment-station sites generally had higher mean yields, higher coefficients of variation, and lower heritabilities. Data from a set of independently conducted trials were used to estimate the true yields of the 31 genotypes. A heritability of the correlated response to selection was then calculated for each breeding trial, and was generally found to be low for the experiment-station sites. Further investigation showed that the non-station sites are suitable for the selection of genotypes intended for low-yielding environments, and the station sites are better suited for the selection of genotypes intended for high-yielding environments. The optimum selection scheme was found to consist of several unreplicated trials per year, and at least four trials per year are necessary to avoid the possibility of a negative heritability of the correlated response to selection.

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