scholarly journals Sulfoquinovose is a select nutrient of prominent bacteria and a source of hydrogen sulfide in the human gut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buck T. Hanson ◽  
K. Dimitri Kits ◽  
Jessica Löffler ◽  
Anna G. Burrichter ◽  
Alexander Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Health States ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Transient Intermediate

AbstractResponses of the microbiota to diet are highly personalized but mechanistically not well understood because many metabolic capabilities and interactions of human gut microorganisms are unknown. Here we show that sulfoquinovose (SQ), a sulfonated monosaccharide omnipresent in green vegetables, is a selective yet relevant substrate for few but ubiquitous bacteria in the human gut. In human feces and in defined co-culture, Eubacterium rectale and Bilophila wadsworthia used recently identified pathways to cooperatively catabolize SQ with 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate as a transient intermediate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a key intestinal metabolite with disparate effects on host health. SQ-degradation capability is encoded in almost half of E. rectale genomes but otherwise sparsely distributed among microbial species in the human intestine. However, re-analysis of fecal metatranscriptome datasets of four human cohorts showed that SQ degradation (mostly from E. rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and H2S production (mostly from B. wadsworthia) pathways were expressed abundantly across various health states, demonstrating that these microbial functions are core attributes of the human gut. The discovery of green-diet-derived SQ as an exclusive microbial nutrient and an additional source of H2S in the human gut highlights the role of individual dietary compounds and organosulfur metabolism on microbial activity and has implications for precision editing of the gut microbiota by dietary and prebiotic interventions.

scholarly journals Sulfoquinovose is a select nutrient of prominent bacteria and a source of hydrogen sulfide in the human gut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buck Hanson ◽  
Kerim Kits ◽  
Jessica Löffler ◽  
Anna Burrichter ◽  
Alexander Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Health States ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
H2s Production ◽  
Active Contribution

Abstract Diet selectively shapes the human gut microbiota and fuels production of diverse metabolites that influence host health. Responses of the microbiota to diet are highly personalized, yet mechanistically not well understood because the metabolic capabilities of human gut microorganisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that sulfoquinovose (SQ), an omnipresent monosaccharide in green vegetables, is a selective substrate for few but ubiquitous bacteria in the human gut. In anoxic incubations of human feces and in defined co-culture, Eubacterium rectale and Bilophila wadsworthia both use previously unrecognized pathways to cooperatively catabolize SQ to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a key intestinal metabolite with disparate effects on host health. We find SQ degradation capability encoded in almost half of E. rectale genomes but otherwise sparsely distributed among microbial species in the human intestine. Re-analysis of fecal metatranscriptome datasets of four human cohorts showed that SQ degradation (mostly from E. rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and H2S production (mostly from B. wadsworthia) pathways were expressed abundantly across various health states, suggesting their active contribution to gut functioning. The discovery of green diet-derived SQ as an exclusive microbial nutrient and an additional source of H2S in the human gut highlights the role of individual dietary compounds and organosulfur metabolism on microbial activity and has implications for precision editing of the gut microbiota by dietary and prebiotic interventions.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus JCM 32166T, a Butyrate-Producing Bacterium, Isolated from Human Feces

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Masahiro Yuki ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus JCM 32166T, a butyrate-producing bacterium, isolated from human feces. The genomic analysis reveals genes for butyrate synthesis and will facilitate the study on the role of this strain in the human gut.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Faecalimonas umbilicata JCM 30896T, an Acetate-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Human Feces

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Masahiro Yuki ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Faecalimonas umbilicata JCM 30896T, an acetate-producing bacterium isolated from human feces. The genomic analysis reveals genes for acetate and vitamin B12 synthesis and will facilitate the study of the role of this strain in the human gut.

Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Colon Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina L. Hold
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Host Health

The human gut microbiota plays a major role in the development and maintenance of good health. Many recent studies have attempted to define links between microbiota residents, their function and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota drive the development of inflammation within the colon and such inflammation is implicated in colonic neoplastic development. Although the precise mechanisms through which the microbiota is involved in cancer development remain elusive, the message is clear: the microbiota contributes to cancer risk by influencing a number of key host processes. It is also recognized that we have the ability to influence the role of the gut microbiota by considering our nutritional intake. We have always known that ‘we are what we eat' but it is also true that ‘they (our gut microbiota) are what we eat'. We therefore have a huge opportunity to positively influence our health through microbial manipulation. There is now a clear need to move past defining the constituents of the gastrointestinal microbiota and to focus more on understanding the functional capabilities of the resident microbial community and how this impacts on host health. One such emerging concept is the development of microbial biofilms which can form in the gut in conjunction with CRC tissue. By better understanding of the interaction between the host and its resident microbiota, in the context of health and cancer development, we will open new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for reducing the CRC global health burden.

scholarly journals DIET INFLUENCES THE GUT MICROBIOTA: A MINIREVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e247
Author(s):  
Manish Soni
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Dietary Fibres ◽  
The World ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Diet Intake

The human gut ecosystem is dynamic in nature which harbors trillions of microorganisms. These microorganisms constituting the gut microbiota are highly diverse and abundant having multiple implications on wellbeing and health of a person. There is a complex interaction between diet and microorganisms which can lead to beneficial or detrimental outcomes to host health. Each individual harbors specific and diverse microbiota depending upon his diet intake, genetic makeup, medication, metabolic regulations, external environment and his way of living the life. Among all these factors, diet plays a major role in deciding and influencing the microbiota of any person. The effects of diet on the gut microbiota are mostly temporary in nature. The microbiota of a person can be modulated by consumption of dietary fibres and prebiotics. This review focuses on the role of diet in influencing the gut microbiota of varied populations in different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota: the role of metalloenzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Rajakovich ◽  
Emily P. Balskus
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease

Metalloenzymes play central roles in metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota that are associated with host health and disease.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3715
Author(s):  
Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Mateusz Stasiak ◽  
Anna Oniszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease

The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extraintestinal metabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in preventing metabolic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last twenty years. As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota advances and our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review firstly overviews the importance of the GM in health and disease and then reviews the role of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis are also discussed.

Virome and Inflammasomes, a Finely Tuned Balance with Important Consequences for the Host Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Freer ◽  
Fabrizio Maggi ◽  
Mauro Pistello
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Immune Defences

Background:The virome is a network of viruses normally inhabiting humans. It forms a conspicuous portion of the so-called microbiome, once generically referred to as resident flora. Indeed, viruses infecting humans without leading to clinical disease are increasingly recognized as part of the microbiome and have an impact on the development of our immune system. In addition, they activate inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes that assemble in cells and that are responsible for the downstream effects of sensing pathogens.Objective:This review aims at summarizing the evidence on the role of the virome in modulating inflammation and emphasizes evidence for Anelloviruses as useful molecular markers to monitor inflammatory processes and immune system competence.Method:We carried out a review of the literature published in the last 5 years and summarized older literature to take into account ground-breaking discoveries concerning inflammasome assembly and virome.Results:A massive amount of data recently emerging demonstrate that the microbiome closely reflects what we eat, and many other unexpected variables. Composition, location, and amount of the microbiome have an impact on innate and adaptive immune defences. Viruses making up the virome contribute to shaping the immune system. Anelloviruses, the best known of such viruses, are present in most human beings, persistently without causing apparent disease. Depending on their interplay with such viruses, inflammasomes instruct host defences to tolerate or forfeit a specific microorganism.Conclusion:The virome plays an important role in shaping human immune defences and contributes to inflammatory processes by quenching or increasing them.

Gut Mycobiota and Fungal Metabolites in Human Homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabella Mogilnicka ◽  
Marcin Ufnal
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background:Accumulating evidence suggests that microbiota play an important role in host’s homeostasis. Thus far, researchers have mostly focused on the role of bacterial microbiota. However, human gut is a habitat for several fungal species, which produce numerous metabolites. Furthermore, various types of food and beverages are rich in a wide spectrum of fungi and their metabolites.Methods:We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical and pre-clinical studies on fungal metabolites, composition of human mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis.Results:Fungal metabolites may serve as signaling molecules and exert significant biological effects including trophic, anti-inflammatory or antibacterial actions. Finally, research suggests an association between shifts in gut fungi composition and human health. Changes in mycobiota composition have been found in obesity, hepatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases.Conclusion:The influence of mycobiota and dietary fungi on homeostasis in mammals suggests a pharmacotherapeutic potential of modulating the mycobiota which may include treatment with probiotics and fecal transplantation. Furthermore, antibacterial action of fungi-derived molecules may be considered as a substitution for currently used antibacterial agents and preservatives in food industry.

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