scholarly journals Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sini Sulkama ◽  
Jenni Puurunen ◽  
Milla Salonen ◽  
Salla Mikkola ◽  
Emma Hakanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impairing the quality of life of the affected individuals. The domestic dog can spontaneously manifest high hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention which are components of human ADHD. Therefore, a better understanding of demographic, environmental and behavioural factors influencing canine hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention could benefit both humans and dogs. We collected comprehensive behavioural survey data from over 11,000 Finnish pet dogs and quantified their level of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. We performed generalised linear model analyses to identify factors associated with these behavioural traits. Our results indicated that high levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were more common in dogs that are young, male and spend more time alone at home. Additionally, we showed several breed differences suggesting a substantial genetic basis for these traits. Furthermore, hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention had strong comorbidities with compulsive behaviour, aggressiveness and fearfulness. Multiple of these associations have also been identified in humans, strengthening the role of the dog as an animal model for ADHD.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Corona
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. Although abnormalities in several brain regions and disturbances of the catecholaminergic pathway have been demonstrated, the pathophysiology of ADHD is not completely understood, but as a multifactorial disorder, has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This review presents an overview of factors that increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and also the treatment with medications are two factors that can increase oxidative damage, whereas the comorbidity between ADHD and inflammatory disorders, altered immune response, genetic and environmental associations, and polymorphisms in inflammatory-related genes can increase neuroinflammation. Evidence of an association with these factors has become valuable for research on ADHD. Such evidence opens up new intervention routes for the use of natural products as antioxidants that could have potential as a treatment against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in ADHD.

scholarly journals HIV Infection among Young People in Northwest Tanzania: The Role of Biological, Behavioural and Socio-Demographic Risk Factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Lemme ◽  
Aoife M. Doyle ◽  
John Changalucha ◽  
Aura Andreasen ◽  
Kathy Baisley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Impaired Interparental Relationships in Families of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Weyers ◽  
Martina Zemp ◽  
Georg W. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has traditionally focused on the genetic and neurobiological aspects of the disorder, but the role of family relationships has been much less systematically examined. There is growing evidence that the quality of interparental relationships and a child’s ADHD symptoms are reciprocally related. Because the literature appears to be inconsistent, this meta-analysis aims to summarize previous research and assess whether there are robust differences in the quality of interparental relationships between parents of children with ADHD and parents of healthy children. This meta-analysis of 15 studies with 43 effect sizes revealed a small but significant difference ( d = .24), which indicates that parents of a child with ADHD report poorer relationship quality than parents of healthy children. This effect was moderated by the child’s age and did not depend on whether the child had a comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD). The causality of this relationship has yet to be determined.

Quality of Life in Lower-Limb Amputees 10 Years After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Caiyun Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Yimin Tang ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sichuan Earthquake ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome of quality of life (QOL) in the lower-limb amputees 10 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 66 lower-limb amputees were recruited. The prosthetics-related QOL was assessed using the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) in terms of the scales of utility, appearance, sounds, residual limb health, perceived response, frustration, social burden, ambulation, and well-being. The score of each PEQ subscale was calculated and compared among the cohorts with different demographic characteristics. Results: The PEQ scores showed that the scales of sounds, residual limb health, and frustration were still low in the lower-limb amputees 10 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The comparison of PEQ scales among cohorts with different demographic characteristics indicated that the potential demographic risk factors, namely, age, marital status, educational level, living independence, and comorbidity, were associated with prosthesis-related QOL. Conclusions: The prosthesis-related QOL of the lower-limb amputees 10 years after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake has been partly documented in this study. The potential demographic risk factors associated with QOL of amputees were also identified. These findings could enhance the understanding of prosthesis-related QOL of lower-limb amputees sustained in an earthquake and facilitate the optimization of post-disaster rehabilitation strategies.

scholarly journals Mindful Parenting pada Orangtua dengan Anak Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH): Tinjauan Sistematis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Syafira Nur Sabilla
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mindful Parenting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

High parenting stress often occurs in parents of children with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Whereas the involvement of parents in the life of children with ADHD is much more important. Thus the stress should rightly be prevented, by applying mindful parenting. The aim of this research is to give a clear explanation in the form of systematic review about mindful parenting as a protective factor in handling parenting stress on parents of children with ADHD. It aims eventually to optimize the role of parents and family support for children’s education. It surveys six studies in English and Indonesian published in the last 10 years, peer reviewed under the same theme. The databases used are from ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Frontier Psychology, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, and Google Scholar. The research concludes that mindful parenting is effective at reducing parenting stress and improving the quality of parent-child relationships in the case of ADHD children. It also emphasizes that it is important for parents to maintain relationships with children and optimize their role in educating or fulfilling children’s needs for proper education.

scholarly journals Investigating the Gut Microbiota Composition of Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Association with Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Szopinska-Tokov ◽  
Sarita Dam ◽  
Jilly Naaijen ◽  
Prokopis Konstanti ◽  
Nanda Rommelse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the growing evidence of gut microbiota being involved in psychiatric (including neurodevelopmental) disorders, we aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota composition between participants with ADHD and controls and to investigate the role of the microbiota in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Fecal samples were collected from 107 participants (NADHD=42; Ncontrols=50; NsubthreholdADHD=15; range age: 13-29 years). The relative quantification of bacterial taxa was done using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Beta-diversity revealed significant differences in bacterial composition between participants with ADHD and healthy controls, which was also significant for inattention, but showing a trend in case of hyperactivity/impulsivity only. Ten genera showed nominal differences (P < 0.05) between both groups, of which seven genera were tested for their association with ADHD symptom scores (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, time delay between feces collection and symptoms assessment, medication use and family relatedness). Our results show that variation of a genus from the Ruminococcaceae family (Ruminococcaceae_UCG_004) is associated (after multiple testing correction) with inattention symptoms, and suggest a role of gut microbiota in ADHD pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Individualization of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: pharmacotherapy considerations by age and co-occurring conditions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg W. Mattingly ◽  
Joshua Wilson ◽  
Leticia Ugarte ◽  
Paul Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Therapy ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
Adhd Medications

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood. Impairments associated with ADHD can impact quality of life, social interactions, and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality; however, for many patients, effective treatment can lessen these effects. Pharmacotherapy with stimulants or nonstimulants is recommended in conjunction with psychosocial therapy for most patients. Determining the optimal pharmacotherapy can be complex, and the clinician needs to consider many factors such as the patient’s age, comorbidities, and lifestyle. Furthermore, the needs of the patient with ADHD will change over time, with specific challenges to consider at each stage of life. A variety of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved stimulant and nonstimulant formulations are available with different modes of delivery and durations of effect. This armamentarium of ADHD medications can be used to individualize ADHD treatment for each patient’s needs. This article combines current information from the literature and the first-hand experience of the authors to provide guidance on ADHD treatment options for patients of different ages and for some of the more common comorbidities.

scholarly journals Investigating the Gut Microbiota Composition of Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Association with Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Szopinska-Tokov ◽  
Sarita Dam ◽  
Jilly Naaijen ◽  
Prokopis Konstanti ◽  
Nanda Rommelse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Given the growing evidence of gut microbiota being involved in psychiatric (including neurodevelopmental) disorders, we aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota composition between participants with ADHD and controls and to investigate the role of the microbiota in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Fecal samples were collected from 107 participants (NADHD = 42; Ncontrols = 50; NsubthreholdADHD = 15; range age: 13–29 years). The relative quantification of bacterial taxa was done using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Beta-diversity revealed significant differences in bacterial composition between participants with ADHD and healthy controls, which was also significant for inattention, but showing a trend in case of hyperactivity/impulsivity only. Ten genera showed nominal differences (p < 0.05) between both groups, of which seven genera were tested for their association with ADHD symptom scores (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, time delay between feces collection and symptoms assessment, medication use, and family relatedness). Our results show that variation of a genus from the Ruminococcaceae family (Ruminococcaceae_UCG_004) is associated (after multiple testing correction) with inattention symptoms and support the potential role of gut microbiota in ADHD pathophysiology.

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