scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Artemisia annua by AaYABBY5

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani ◽  
Qian Shen ◽  
Saeed-ur Rahman ◽  
Xueqing Fu ◽  
Yongpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern

AbstractArtemisia annua is a medicinal plant rich in terpenes and flavonoids with useful biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. The transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. annua has not been well-studied. In this study, we identified a YABBY family transcription factor, AaYABBY5, as a positive regulator of anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents in A. annua. AaYABBY5 was selected based on its similar expression pattern to the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavonol synthase (FLS) genes. A transient dual-luciferase assay in Nicotiana bethamiana with the AaYABBY5 effector showed a significant increase in the activity of the downstream LUC gene, with reporters AaPAL, AaCHS, AaCHI, and AaUFGT. The yeast one-hybrid system further confirmed the direct activation of these promoters by AaYABBY5. Gene expression analysis of stably transformed AaYABBY5 overexpression, AaYABBY5 antisense, and control plants revealed a significant increase in the expression of AaPAL, AaCHS, AaCHI, AaFLS, AaFSII, AaLDOX, and AaUFGT in AaYABBY5 overexpression plants. Moreover, their total flavonoid content and anthocyanin content were also found to increase. AaYABBY5 antisense plants showed a significant decrease in the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, as well as a decrease in anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents. In addition, phenotypic analysis revealed deep purple-pigmented stems, an increase in the leaf lamina size, and higher trichome densities in AaYABBY5 overexpression plants. Together, these data proved that AaYABBY5 is a positive regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. annua. Our study provides candidate transcription factors for the improvement of flavonoid concentrations in A. annua and can be further extended to elucidate its mechanism of regulating trichome development.

scholarly journals Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Flavonoid Regulatory Network by Eutrema EsMYB90

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8751
Author(s):  
Yuting Qi ◽  
Chuanshun Li ◽  
Chonghao Duan ◽  
Caihong Gu ◽  
Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Leaves

Flavonoids are representative secondary metabolites with different metabolic functions in plants. Previous study found that ectopic expression of EsMYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum could strongly increase anthocyanin content in transgenic tobacco via regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. In the present research, metabolome analysis showed that there existed 130 significantly differential metabolites, of which 23 metabolites enhanced more than 1000 times in EsMYB90 transgenic tobacco leaves relative to the control, and the top 10 of the increased metabolites included caffeic acid, cyanidin O-syringic acid, myricetin and naringin. A total of 50 markedly differential flavonoids including flavones (14), flavonols (13), flavone C-glycosides (9), flavanones (7), catechin derivatives (5), anthocyanins (1) and isoflavone (1) were identified, of which 46 metabolites were at a significantly enhanced level. Integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome revealed that ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in transgenic tobacco leaves is highly associated with the prominent up-regulation of 16 flavonoid metabolites and the corresponding 42 flavonoid biosynthesis structure genes in phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways. Dual luciferase assay documented that EsMYB90 strongly activated the transcription of NtANS and NtDFR genes via improving their promoter activity in transiently expressed tobacco leaves, suggesting that EsMYB90 functions as a key regulator on anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, the crucial regulatory role of EsMYB90 on enhancing many flavonoid metabolite levels is clearly demonstrated via modulating flavonoid biosynthesis gene expression in the leaves of transgenic tobacco, which extends our understanding of the regulating mechanism of MYB transcription factor in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathways and provides a new clue and tool for further investigation and genetic engineering of flavonoid metabolism in plants.

Nutritional Properties and Biological Activities of Artemisia annua L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Ra-Jeong Kim ◽  
Soo-Jung Lee ◽  
In-Soo Kim ◽  
Hyun-Ju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Artemisia Annua L

scholarly journals Phenotypic Analysis of Mice Lacking the Tmprss2-Encoded Protease

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom S. Kim ◽  
Cynthia Heinlein ◽  
Robert C. Hackman ◽  
Peter S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

ABSTRACT Tmprss2 encodes an androgen-regulated type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) expressed highly in normal prostate epithelium and has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Although in vitro studies suggest protease-activated receptor 2 may be a substrate for TMPRSS2, the in vivo biological activities of TMPRSS2 remain unknown. We generated Tmprss2 −/− mice by disrupting the serine protease domain through homologous recombination. Compared to wild-type littermates, Tmprss2 −/− mice developed normally, survived to adulthood with no differences in protein levels of prostatic secretions, and exhibited no discernible abnormalities in organ histology or function. Loss of TMPRSS2 serine protease activity did not influence fertility, reduce survival, result in prostate hyperplasia or carcinoma, or alter prostatic luminal epithelial cell regrowth following castration and androgen replacement. Lack of an observable phenotype in Tmprss2 −/− mice was not due to transcriptional compensation by closely related Tmprss2 homologs. We conclude that the lack of a discernible phenotype in Tmprss2 −/− mice suggests functional redundancy involving one or more of the type II transmembrane serine protease family members or other serine proteases. Alternatively, TMPRSS2 may contribute a specialized but nonvital function that is apparent only in the context of stress, disease, or other systemic perturbation.

scholarly journals HBP1-mediated transcriptional repression of AFP inhibits hepatoma progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Cao ◽  
Yuning Cheng ◽  
Jiyin Wang ◽  
Yujuan Liu ◽  
Ruixiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Common Malignancy

Abstract Background Hepatoma is a common malignancy of the liver. The abnormal high expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is intimately associated with hepatoma progress, but the mechanism of transcriptional regulation and singularly activation of AFP gene in hepatoma is not clear. Methods The expression of transcription factor HBP1 and AFP and clinical significance were further analyzed in hepatoma tissues from the patients who received surgery or TACE and then monitored for relapse for up 10 years. HBP1-mediated transcriptional regulation of AFP was analyzed by Western blotting, Luciferase assay, Realtime-PCR, ChIP and EMSA. After verified the axis of HBP-AFP, its impact on hepatoma was measured by MTT, Transwell and FACS in hepatoma cells and by tumorigenesis in HBP1−/− mice. Results The relative expressions of HBP1 and AFP correlated with survival and prognosis in hepatoma patients. HBP1 repressed the expression of AFP gene by directly binding to the AFP gene promoter. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-encoded protein HBx promoted malignancy in hepatoma cells through binding to HBP1 directly. Icaritin, an active ingredient of Chinese herb epimedium, inhibited malignancy in hepatoma cells through enhancing HBP1 transrepression of AFP. The repression of AFP by HBP1 attenuated AFP effect on PTEN, MMP9 and caspase-3, thus inhibited proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells. The deregulation of AFP by HBP1 contributed to hepatoma progression in mice. Conclusions Our data clarify the mechanism of HBP1 in inhibiting the expression of AFP and its suppression in malignancy of hepatoma cells, providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis and potential solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatoma.

scholarly journals Artemisia annua, a Traditional Plant Brought to Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axelle Septembre-Malaterre ◽  
Mahary Lalarizo Rakoto ◽  
Claude Marodon ◽  
Yosra Bedoui ◽  
Jessica Nakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Traditional remedies have been used for thousand years for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, particularly in developing countries. Of growing interest, the plant Artemisia annua, known for its malarial properties, has been studied for its numerous biological activities including metabolic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. Artemisia annua is very rich in secondary metabolites such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds, of which the biological properties have been extensively studied. The purpose of this review is to gather and describe the data concerning the main chemical components produced by Artemisia annua and to describe the state of the art about the biological activities reported for this plant and its compounds beyond malaria.

scholarly journals Quinic acid derivatives from Artemisia annua L. leaves; biological activities and seasonal variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
H.I. El-Askary ◽  
S.S. Mohamed ◽  
H.M.A. El-Gohari ◽  
S.M. Ezzat ◽  
M.R. Meselhy
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Annua L

Transcriptional regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Shen ◽  
Tingxiang Yan ◽  
Xueqing Fu ◽  
Kexuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Artemisinin Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation ofFucosyltransferase 1Gene Expression in Colon Cancer Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Taniuchi ◽  
Koji Higai ◽  
Tomomi Tanaka ◽  
Yutaro Azuma ◽  
Kojiro Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Lewis Y

Theα1,2-fucosyltransferase I (FUT1) enzyme is important for the biosynthesis of H antigens, Lewis B, and Lewis Y. In this study, we clarified the transcriptional regulation of FUT1 in the DLD-1 colon cancer cell line, which has high expression of Lewis B and Lewis Y antigens, expresses theFUT1gene, and showsα1,2-fucosyltransferase (FUT) activity. 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed a FUT1 transcriptional start site −10 nucleotides upstream of the site registered at NM_000148 in the DataBase of Human Transcription Start Sites (DBTSS). Using the dual luciferase assay,FUT1gene expression was shown to be regulated at the region −91 to −81 nt to the transcriptional start site, which contains the Elk-1 binding site. Site-directed mutagenesis of this region revealed the Elk-1 binding site to be essential for FUT1 transcription. Furthermore, transfection of the dominant negative Elk-1 gene, and the chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIp) assay, supported Elk-1-dependent transcriptional regulation ofFUT1gene expression in DLD-1 cells. These results suggest that a defined region in the 5′-flanking region of FUT1 is critical for FUT1 transcription and that constitutive gene expression ofFUT1is regulated by Elk-1 in DLD-1 cells.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Selected Wild Berries (Rubus moluccanusL.,R. fraxinifoliusPoir., andR. alpestrisBlume)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar ◽  
Nur Amalina Ismail ◽  
Azizul Isha ◽  
Angelina Lee Mei Ling
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Berries, from the genusRubus, are among the vital components in a healthy diet. In this study, 80% methanol extracts from the three wildRubusspecies (Rubus moluccanusL.,Rubus fraxinifoliusPoir., andRubus alpestrisBlume) were evaluated for their phytochemical contents (total phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays), antiacetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial activities. GC-MS was used for quantification of naturally occurring phytochemicals. The results showed thatR. alpestriscontained the highest total phenolic [24.25±0.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g] and carotenoid content [21.86±0.63 mgβ-carotene equivalents (BC)/g], as well as the highest DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities. The highest total flavonoid [18.17±0.20 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g] and anthocyanin content [36.96±0.39 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (c-3-gE)/g] have been shown byR. moluccanus. For antibacterial assays,R. moluccanusandR. alpestrisextracts showed mild inhibition towardsBacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andSalmonella enteritidis. Anticholinesterase activity for all extracts was in the range of 23–26%. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of at least 12, 21, and 7 different organic compounds in 80% methanol extracts ofR. alpestris,R. moluccanus, andR. fraxinifolius, respectively, which might contribute to the bioactivity.

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