<p>To better understand the response of Central European vegetation to rapid climate change during the late Quaternary, we have revisited the F&#252;ramoos peat bog in southwestern Germany. Located between two moraine ridges of Rissian age and comprising a near-complete sedimentary sequence from late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 1, this peat bog represents the longest continuous pollen record from the last glacial-interglacial cycle north of the Alps. The F&#252;ramoos site has been in the focus of several palynological studies in the past, showing that it presents an excellent archive to study the impact of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events on the Central European ecosystems (e.g., M&#252;ller et al., 2003). However, these previous studies were only of limited temporal resolution, which has yet precluded detailed insight into the ecosystem response to short-term climate change. We present a new, highly resolved pollen record (temporal resolution: 80&#8211;200 yrs) and XRF core scanning data from F&#252;ramoos spanning the past ~130 ka based on two new drill cores that consist of peat and lake sediments (Kern et al., 2019).</p><p>Our results show that closed temperate forests thrived at F&#252;ramoos during full interglacials characterized by <em>Alnus</em>, <em>Corylus</em>, <em>Quercus</em>, and <em>Ulmus</em>. The major difference between the past two interglacials is that <em>Fagus</em> dominates during MIS 1 whereas it is mostly absent during MIS 5e. During MIS 5, the vegetation evolved from closed temperate (MIS 5e) to boreal forests (dominated by <em>Betula</em>, <em>Picea</em>, and <em>Pinus</em>; MIS 5d&#8211;5a). The youngest part of the last interglacial (MIS 5d&#8211;5a) is marked by six distinct forests contractions (decreases in arboreal pollen by ~30&#8211;50%) before the establishment of a steppe vegetation that prevailed throughout the Last Glacial (MIS 2&#8211;4). In addition, seven transient increases in tree-pollen percentages document the expansion of boreal forests during MIS 2&#8211;4; they are associated with synchronous increases of Si, Ti, K and Fe contents as evidenced in XRF data.</p><p>We attribute the forest contractions during MIS 5d&#8211;5a to the cooling events C19&#8211;C24 known from marine records in the North Atlantic and terrestrial records from southern Europe. Moreover, the forest expansions during MIS 2&#8211;4 are associated with warm and moist conditions occurring during D-O events 7&#8211;12, and 14. In contrast, D-O events 13 and 15&#8211;19 don&#8217;t leave an imprint on the vegetation although their presence is clearly documented in the XRF data. Our findings emphasize that the sediments from F&#252;ramoos are exceptionally well suited to reconstruct ecosystem dynamics in Central Europe yielding unprecedented insight into the vegetation response to short-term climatic forcing north of the Alps during the past 130 kyrs.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>M&#252;ller, U.C., Pross, J., Bibus, E., 2003. Vegetation response to rapid climate change in Central Europe during the past 140,000 yr based on evidence from the F&#252;ramoos pollen record. <em>Quaternary Research</em> 59, 235&#8211;245.</p><p>Kern, O.A., Koutsodendris, A., M&#228;chtle, B., et al., 2019. X-ray fluorescence core scanning yields reliable semiquantitative data on the elemental composition of peat and organic-rich lake sediments. <em>Science of the Total Environment</em> 697, 134110.</p>