scholarly journals MINPP1 prevents intracellular accumulation of the chelator inositol hexakisphosphate and is mutated in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Ucuncu ◽  
Karthyayani Rajamani ◽  
Miranda S. C. Wilson ◽  
Daniel Medina-Cano ◽  
Nami Altin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Inositol Hexakisphosphate ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphates ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

AbstractInositol polyphosphates are vital metabolic and secondary messengers, involved in diverse cellular functions. Therefore, tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, we describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 gene (MINPP1). Patients are found to have a distinct type of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia with typical basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging. We find that patient-derived and genome edited MINPP1−/− induced stem cells exhibit an inefficient neuronal differentiation combined with an increased cell death. MINPP1 deficiency results in an intracellular imbalance of the inositol polyphosphate metabolism. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. These data suggest the involvement of IP6-mediated chelation on Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia disease pathology and thereby highlight the critical role of MINPP1 in the regulation of human brain development and homeostasis.

scholarly journals MINPP1 prevents intracellular accumulation of the cation chelator inositol hexakisphosphate and is mutated in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Ucuncu ◽  
Karthyayani Rajamani ◽  
Miranda S.C. Wilson ◽  
Daniel Medina-Cano ◽  
Nami Altin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphates ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

ABSTRACTInositol polyphosphates are vital metabolic and secondary messengers, involved in diverse cellular functions. Therefore, tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, we describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 gene (MINPP1). Patients were found to have a distinct type of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia with typical basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging. We found that patient-derived and genome edited MINPP1-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are not able to differentiate efficiently into neurons. MINPP1 deficiency results in an intracellular imbalance of the inositol polyphosphate metabolism. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakiphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. These data suggest the involvement of IP6-mediated chelation on Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia disease pathology and thereby highlight the critical role of MINPP1 in the regulation of human brain development and homeostasis.

Glu496Ala polymorphism of human P2X7receptor does not affect its electrophysiological phenotype

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. C749-C756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Boldt ◽  
Manuela Klapperstück ◽  
Cora Büttner ◽  
Sven Sadtler ◽  
Günther Schmalzing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Ion Channel Properties ◽  
Gated Channel ◽  
Channel Properties

A glutamate to alanine exchange at amino acid position 496 of the human P2X7 receptor was recently shown to be associated with a loss of function in human B lymphocytes in terms of ATP-induced ethidium+ uptake, Ba2+ influx, and induction of apoptosis (Gu BJ, Zhang WY, Worthington RA, Sluyter R, Dao-Ung P, Petrou S, Barden JA, and Wiley JS. J Biol Chem 276: 11135–11142, 2001). Here we analyzed the effect of the Glu496 to Ala exchange on the channel properties of the human P2X7 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes with the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The amplitudes of ATP-induced whole cell currents characteristic of functional expression, kinetic properties including ATP concentration dependence, and permeation behavior were not altered by this amino acid exchange. Also in HEK293 cells, the Ala496 mutant mediated typical P2X7 receptor-dependent currents like the parent Glu496 hP2X7 receptor. Because the function of the P2X7 receptor as an ATP-gated channel for small cations including Ba2+ remained unaffected by this mutation, we conclude that Glu496 plays a critical role in pore formation but does not determine the ion channel properties of the human P2X7 receptor.

scholarly journals Critical role for Piccolo in synaptic vesicle retrieval

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauke Ackermann ◽  
Kay Oliver Schink ◽  
Christine Bruns ◽  
Zsuzsanna Izsvák ◽  
F Kent Hamra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Type 3

Loss of function of the active zone protein Piccolo has recently been linked to a disease, Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 3, which causes brain atrophy. Here, we address how Piccolo inactivation in rat neurons adversely affects synaptic function and thus may contribute to neuronal loss. Our analysis shows that Piccolo is critical for the recycling and maintenance of synaptic vesicles. We find that boutons lacking Piccolo have deficits in the Rab5/EEA1 dependent formation of early endosomes and thus the recycling of SVs. Mechanistically, impaired Rab5 function was caused by reduced synaptic recruitment of Pra1, known to interact selectively with the zinc finger domains of Piccolo. Importantly, over-expression of GTPase deficient Rab5 or the Znf1 domain of Piccolo restores the size and recycling of SV pools. These data provide a molecular link between the active zone and endosome sorting at synapses providing hints to how Piccolo contributes to developmental and psychiatric disorders.

Inositol polyphosphate multikinase in adipocytes is dispensable for regulating energy metabolism and whole body metabolic homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. E401-E409
Author(s):  
Seulgi Lee ◽  
Jiyoon Beon ◽  
Min-Gyu Kim ◽  
Seyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole body energy and glucose homeostasis at both organ and systemic levels. Inositol polyphosphates, such as 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, reportedly control adipocyte functions and energy expenditure. However, the physiological roles of the inositol polyphosphate (IP) pathway in the adipose tissue are not yet fully defined. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a key enzyme in the IP metabolism, plays a critical role in adipose tissue biology and obesity. We generated adipocyte-specific IPMK knockout ( Ipmk AKO) mice and evaluated metabolic phenotypes by measuring fat accumulation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity in adult mice fed either a regular-chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Despite substantial reduction of IPMK, Ipmk AKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and did not show changes in fat accumulation in response to HFD-feeding. In addition, loss of IPMK had no major impact on thermogenic processes in response to cold exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest that adipocyte IPMK is dispensable for normal adipose tissue and its physiological functions in whole body metabolism, suggesting the complex roles that inositol polyphosphate metabolism has in the regulation of adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Inositol polyphosphate metabolism and inositol lipids in a green alga, Chlamydomonas eugametos

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Irvine ◽  
A J Letcher ◽  
L R Stephens ◽  
A Musgrave
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphates ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Chlamydomonas Eugametos ◽  
Inositol Lipids ◽  
Mammalian Counterpart ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

Swimming suspensions of Chlamydomonas eugametos were pelleted and homogenized, and the metabolism of inositol polyphosphates by cellular homogenates or supernatants was investigated. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was dephosphorylated under physiological conditions to yield a single InsP2, Ins(1,4]2. In the presence of ATP it was phosphorylated to give Ins(1,3,4,5)P3 as the only InsP4. The Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity was predominantly soluble, was not detectably affected by calmodulin or Ca2+, and had a Km for Ins(1,4,5)P3 of 50 microM (two orders of magnitude higher than its mammalian counterpart). Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was dephosphorylated by the cellular supernatants to Ins(1,3,4)P3 and Ins(1,4,5)P3, and could be phosphorylated to Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P4. No Ins(1,3,4)P3 6-kinase activity could be detected, and experiments with [3H]Ins(1,4,[32P]5)P3 revealed that Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is formed from Ins(1,4,5)P3 with little loss of the 5-phosphate, i.e. the predominant route of synthesis is probably by a direct 6-phosphorylation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Similar experiments with an (NH4)2SO4 fraction of turkey erythrocyte cytosol gave essentially the same result, i.e. direct phosphorylation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in the 6 position is the predominant route of synthesis of InsP5 from that InsP4 in vitro. No InsP6 formation was detected in any of these experiments, but labelling of intact C. eugametos with [3H]inositol revealed that the cells do synthesize InsP6. The lipids of C. eugametos cells contain PtdIns, PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 [Irvine, Letcher, Lander, Drøbak, Dawson & Musgrave (1989) Plant Physiol. 64, 888-892]. Further examination of 32P-labelled lipids revealed that about 20% of the PtdInsP was the PtdIns(3)P isomer, and about 1% or less of the PtdInsP2 was the PtdIns(3,4)P2 isomer. The overall inositide metabolism of C. eugametos resembles that of a mammalian cell more closely than it does that of a plant cell or slime mould, and this suggests firstly that the known metabolism of inositol polyphosphates arose at an early time in eukaryotic evolution, and secondly that Chlamydomonas might prove a useful organism for genetic and comparative studies of inositide enzymology.

Myo-inositol Polyphosphate Metabolism and Signaling in Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Wu Li ◽  
Wang Ruozhong ◽  
Xu Wenzhong
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

scholarly journals Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4961
Author(s):  
Maria Kovalska ◽  
Eva Baranovicova ◽  
Dagmar Kalenska ◽  
Anna Tomascova ◽  
Marian Adamkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hippocampal Alterations ◽  
The Impact

L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons’ vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in “methylation index” of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.

scholarly journals Parkin interacting substrate zinc finger protein 746 is a pathological mediator in Parkinson’s disease

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 2380-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Brahmachari ◽  
Saebom Lee ◽  
Sangjune Kim ◽  
Changqing Yuan ◽  
Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
Sporadic Parkinson’S Disease

Abstract α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Although loss of function mutations in the ubiquitin ligase, parkin, cause autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease, there is evidence that parkin is inactivated in sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Whether parkin inactivation is a driver of neurodegeneration in sporadic Parkinson’s disease or a mere spectator is unknown. Here we show that parkin in inactivated through c-Abelson kinase phosphorylation of parkin in three α-synuclein-induced models of neurodegeneration. This results in the accumulation of parkin interacting substrate protein (zinc finger protein 746) and aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 2 with increased parkin interacting substrate protein levels playing a critical role in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration, since knockout of parkin interacting substrate protein attenuates the degenerative process. Thus, accumulation of parkin interacting substrate protein links parkin inactivation and α-synuclein in a common pathogenic neurodegenerative pathway relevant to both sporadic and familial forms Parkinson’s disease. Thus, suppression of parkin interacting substrate protein could be a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the progression of Parkinson’s disease and related α-synucleinopathies.

scholarly journals Synthetic lethality screen identifies a novel yeast myosin I gene (MYO5): myosin I proteins are required for polarization of the actin cytoskeleton.

1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Goodson ◽  
B L Anderson ◽  
H M Warrick ◽  
L A Pon ◽  
J A Spudich
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Tail Domain ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Myosin I

The organization of the actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cell physiology in motile and nonmotile organisms. Nonetheless, the function of the actin based motor molecules, members of the myosin superfamily, is not well understood. Deletion of MYO3, a yeast gene encoding a "classic" myosin I, has no detectable phenotype. We used a synthetic lethality screen to uncover genes whose functions might overlap with those of MYO3 and identified a second yeast myosin 1 gene, MYO5. MYO5 shows 86 and 62% identity to MYO3 across the motor and non-motor regions. Both genes contain an amino terminal motor domain, a neck region containing two IQ motifs, and a tail domain consisting of a positively charged region, a proline-rich region containing sequences implicated in ATP-insensitive actin binding, and an SH3 domain. Although myo5 deletion mutants have no detectable phenotype, yeast strains deleted for both MYO3 and MYO5 have severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeletal organization. Double deletion mutants also display phenotypes associated with actin disorganization including accumulation of intracellular membranes and vesicles, cell rounding, random bud site selection, sensitivity to high osmotic strength, and low pH as well as defects in chitin and cell wall deposition, invertase secretion, and fluid phase endocytosis. Indirect immunofluorescence studies using epitope-tagged Myo5p indicate that Myo5p is localized at actin patches. These results indicate that MYO3 and MYO5 encode classical myosin I proteins with overlapping functions and suggest a role for Myo3p and Myo5p in organization of the actin cytoskeleton of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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