scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of cytology for the detection of endometrial cancer in urine and vaginal samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena O’Flynn ◽  
Neil A. J. Ryan ◽  
Nadira Narine ◽  
David Shelton ◽  
Durgesh Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Vaginal Cytology

AbstractPostmenopausal bleeding triggers urgent investigation by sequential invasive tests that are avoidable for the 90–95% of women who do not have endometrial cancer. A simple, non-invasive tool that accurately identifies cancer and safely reassures healthy women could transform patient care. Here we report, in a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of 103 women with known cancer and 113 with unexplained postmenopausal bleeding, that urine and vaginal cytology has a combined sensitivity of 91.7% (95% CI 85.0%, 96.1%) and specificity of 88.8% (81.2%, 94.1%) for gynecological cancer detection. Cytology identifies 91 endometrial, two fallopian tube and one cervical cancer from 103 known cancer cases. In women with unexplained postmenopausal bleeding, cytology identifies all four endometrial cancers and three others (cervical, ovarian and bladder), for a 12/107 (11.2%) false positive rate. We show proof-of-principle that endometrial cancer can be detected in urine and vaginal fluid. Prospective validation of these findings will support incorporation of this non-invasive test into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Pneumonia by Cough Sounds Analyzed with Statistical Features and AI

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7036
Author(s):  
Youngbeen Chung ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Hyun In Jo ◽  
Hyun Lee ◽  
Sang-Heon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cough Sound

Pneumonia is a serious disease often accompanied by complications, sometimes leading to death. Unfortunately, diagnosis of pneumonia is frequently delayed until physical and radiologic examinations are performed. Diagnosing pneumonia with cough sounds would be advantageous as a non-invasive test that could be performed outside a hospital. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based pneumonia diagnostic algorithm. We collected cough sounds from thirty adult patients with pneumonia or the other causative diseases of cough. To quantify the cough sounds, loudness and energy ratio were used to represent the level and its spectral variations. These two features were used for constructing the diagnostic algorithm. To estimate the performance of developed algorithm, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy by comparing with the diagnosis by pulmonologists based on cough sound alone. The algorithm showed 90.0% sensitivity, 78.6% specificity and 84.9% overall accuracy for the 70 cases of cough sound in pneumonia group and 56 cases in non-pneumonia group. For same cases, pulmonologists correctly diagnosed the cough sounds with 56.4% accuracy. These findings showed that the proposed AI algorithm has value as an effective assistant technology to diagnose adult pneumonia patients with significant reliability.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Testicular Carcinoma by Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Sahito ◽  
. Ahsanullah ◽  
Vicky Kumar ◽  
Mohsim Hussain ◽  
Humaira Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of testicular carcinoma, by taking histopathology as gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Radiology department of Liaquat University of Medical and health Sciences (LUMHS), from November 2017 to October 2019. All the clinically diagnosed cases of testicular carcinoma, those who referred for doppler ultrasound and histopathology of testes, were included. After taking informed consent all the study participants underwent testicular histopathology after doppler ultrasound. All of the information was entered into a research proforma. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 70 patients of suspected testicular carcinoma were studied. The mean age of the cases was 38.38+4.55 years. Most of the cases 47(67.1%) were poor. As per Doppler ultrasound (U/S) findings out of all 55.7% cases had diagnosed testicular carcinoma, while histopathologically it was observed in 45.7% of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler U/S in testicular carcinoma diagnosis was observed to be 77%, followed by sensitivity (SE) 84%, specificity (SP) 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 78% and negative predictive value (NPV) 84%. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound observed to be a non-invasive, uncomplicated, lack of pain, effective and easily available diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of testicular carcinoma.

scholarly journals HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246
Author(s):  
Adnan Qadir ◽  
Irfan Younis ◽  
Shahid Raza Khalid ◽  
Zamir Butt ◽  
Shahid Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Helicobactor Pylori ◽  
Stool Antigen ◽  
H Pylori

Objectives: To determine diagnostic accuracy of H.pylori Stool Antigen test fordiagnosing Helicobactor pylori infection, keeping histopathology as gold standard. Studydesign: Cross sectional Validation Study. Place and duration: Study was conducted indepartment of Gastroenterology Military Hospital, Rawalpindi for six months from 1st November2014 to 30th April, 2015. Patients and methods: Serial patients presenting with dyspepsiafulfilling the inclusion criteria were entered in study program. Endoscopy was performed to takeantral biopsies for histopathology and stool was taken to test H.pylori antigen. SPSS version16.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty (72.2%) out of 110 patients were male, themean age and standard deviation was 33 ±16yrs. Three patients left study just before startingendoscopy. Eighty (74.76%) cases out of 107 patients were both positive for histology andHpSA test. Stool for H.pylori test was positive in 82 (76.63%) while histopathological diagnosiswas made in 83(77.57%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 96.3% and 91.66% whilepositive and negative predictive values of the stool H.pylori test were 97.56%, and 88.0%respectively. Overall the diagnostic accuracy of stool H.pylori test was 94.4% for diagnosisof H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Stool for H.pylori Antigen can be used as alternative tohistopathology due to its non-invasive nature, patient’s preference and ease of repetition.

The Role of Musculoskeletal USG as Diagonostic Tool of CTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
P Das ◽  
R Pramanik ◽  
M Kataruka ◽  
RN Haldar ◽  
S Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Kappa Value

Abstract Introduction Over the years NCS has been used to diagnose and monitor the patients with CTS though USG has several advantages as diagnostic tool. This study has been done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of USG in CTS and to compare the efficacy of USG with standard NCS in CTS. Prospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Dept. of PM&R, IPGME&R, Kolkata from 1st March, 2012 to 31st August 2012 (6 months). Patient with clinical diagnosis of CTS of age >18 year of both sexes were included in this study and on the other hand patient with previous wrist surgery /injury, wrist deformity, diabetes mellitus, anatomical variants of median nerve on ultrasound were excluded from the study. Methodology After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, all patients who fulfil the above criteria were included in the study and further diagnostic conformation done by the standard diagnostic criteria of NCS. The same group of patients have been also screened by ultrasonography (USG). Results At the end of the study, data analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity were 92.3 and 70.0% respectively. Predictive value of +test, predictive value of -test were 88.9 and 77.8% respectively. Kappa value was 0.64 (between 0.5 and 0.7). It signifies that there is good correlation between NCS and USG as diagnostic tool of CTS. The comparison of the numerical values of median latency, amplitude and CSA USG within the groups with the help of ANOVA followed by Tukey's test showed that there was good correlation between latency and amplitude in mild, moderate, severe and profound CTS but unfortunately it was not correlated with the CSA measured by USG. Conclusion USG can be used for screening large population of patients as it is simple, easily available, non-invasive test and has relatively low cost and useful in evaluating and excluding local causes of nerve compression.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal genital bleeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Neto ◽  
Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori ◽  
Edmund Chada Baracat ◽  
Manoel João Batista Castello Girão ◽  
Geraldo Rodrigues de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Decubitus Ulcer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix ◽  
One Year

The study was conducted on 748 women who reported genital bleeding occurring at least one year after the last menstruation. Benign causes were most frequent than malignant causes. Among the benign causes, the most frequent were cervicitis (19,95%), prolapsed uterus with decubitus ulcer (19,41%), dysfunctional hemorrhage (13,29%) and endometrial polyps (12,77%). In the group of malignant causes, cancer of the cervix was the neoplasm most often detected (59,26%); endometrial cancer was next, affecting 29,63%. The cancer of the cervix/ cancer of the body ratio was 2:1. In summary, many causes, both benign and malignant, can provoke abnormal postmenopausal bleeding. Thus, curettage of the uterus should be reserved for doubtful cases, i.e., in situations in which, after all non invasive methods of investigations have been exhausted, the possibility of the occurrence of malignant lesions still persist.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of simple tools in monitoring patients with chronic hypoventilation treated with non-invasive ventilation; a prospective cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Aarrestad ◽  
Magnus Qvarfort ◽  
Anne Louise Kleiven ◽  
Elin Tollefsen ◽  
Ole Henning Skjønsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

scholarly journals DEveloping Tests for Endometrial Cancer deTection (DETECT): protocol for a diagnostic accuracy study of urine and vaginal samples for the detection of endometrial cancer by cytology in women with postmenopausal bleeding

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050755
Author(s):  
Eleanor R Jones ◽  
Suzanne Carter ◽  
Helena O'Flynn ◽  
Kelechi Njoku ◽  
Chloe E Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy Study ◽  
Postmenopausal Bleeding ◽  
Accuracy Study

IntroductionPostmenopausal bleeding (PMB), the red flag symptom for endometrial cancer, triggers urgent investigation by transvaginal ultrasound scan, hysteroscopy and/or endometrial biopsy. These investigations are costly, invasive and often painful or distressing for women. In a pilot study, we found that voided urine and non-invasive vaginal samples from women with endometrial cancer contain malignant cells that can be identified by cytology. The aim of the DEveloping Tests for Endometrial Cancer deTection (DETECT) Study is to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of urine and vaginal cytology for endometrial cancer detection in women with PMB.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre diagnostic accuracy study of women referred to secondary care with PMB. Eligible women will be asked to provide a self-collected voided urine sample and a vaginal sample collected with a Delphi screener before routine clinical procedures. Pairs of specialist cytologists, blinded to participant cancer status, will assess and classify samples independently, with differences settled by consensus review or involving a third cytologist. Results will be compared with clinical outcomes from standard diagnostic tests. A sample size of 2000 women will have 80% power to establish a sensitivity of vaginal samples for endometrial cancer detection by cytology of ≥85%±7%, assuming 5% endometrial cancer prevalence. The primary objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of urogenital samples for endometrial cancer detection by cytology. Secondary objectives include the acceptability of urine and vaginal sampling to women.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the North West–Greater Manchester West Research Ethics Committee (16/NW/0660) and the Health Research Authority. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presentation at conferences and via charity websites.Trial registration numberISRCTN58863784.

PP262 PapSEEK: Liquid Biopsy For Endometrial And Ovarian Cancer Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Hijas-Gómez ◽  
Mª Mar Polo-de-Santos ◽  
Setefilla Luengo-Matos ◽  
Luís María Sánchez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Tumor Types

IntroductionEndometrial and ovarian cancer are the first and second leading causes of death from gynecological cancer in Spain. Survival is generally determined by stage at diagnosis, but there is no test currently used for early detection of both tumor types. PapSEEK is a test developed to diagnose endometrial and ovarian cancer by detecting aneuploidies and somatic mutations commonly associated with both tumor types through DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) of liquid from Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) samples. The objective of this work was to assess the effectiveness and safety of PapSEEK.MethodsPapSEEK was identified by the Early Awareness and Alert System, “SINTESIS-new technologies”, of the Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias in Spain (AETS-ISCIII). An early assessment of the technology was conducted through a literature search of the following databases: PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Trip database, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and The Cochrane Library. Clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of PapSEEK published up to February 2019 were reviewed.ResultsThe evidence comprised proof of concept and diagnostic accuracy studies, which showed good preliminary results regarding the accuracy of the test for diagnosing endometrial cancer (sensitivity ranged from 0.81 to 0.93), but not for ovarian cancer (sensitivity ranged from 0.33 to 0.45). The specificity for both tumor types ranged from 0.99 to 1.00. Since PapSEEK uses a sampling method that is routinely used in clinical practice (the Pap smear), no evidence was found in the literature on the safety of the test.ConclusionsPapSEEK is a novel technology developed to diagnose endometrial and ovarian cancer by means of DNA-NGS of Pap smear samples. The identified studies showed good preliminary results regarding the ability of the test to diagnose endometrial cancer, but not ovarian cancer. PapSEEK may be useful as a screening tool for endometrial cancer. However, further research on PapSEEK is needed to prospectively evaluate its diagnostic accuracy, compare it with current tests used in the early diagnosis of both cancer types, evaluate its effect on patient survival and disease progression, and measure its economic impact.

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