scholarly journals A dynamical quantum Cheshire Cat effect and implications for counterfactual communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakir Aharonov ◽  
Eliahu Cohen ◽  
Sandu Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Control Region ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Conserved Quantities ◽  
Small Probability ◽  
The Core ◽  
Quantum Particles

AbstractHere we report a type of dynamic effect that is at the core of the so called “counterfactual computation” and especially “counterfactual communication” quantum effects that have generated a lot of interest recently. The basic feature of these counterfactual setups is the fact that particles seem to be affected by actions that take place in locations where they never (more precisely, only with infinitesimally small probability) enter. Specifically, the communication/computation takes place without the quantum particles that are supposed to be the information carriers travelling through the communication channel or entering the logic gates of the computer. Here we show that something far more subtle is taking place: It is not necessary for the particle to enter the region where the controlling action takes place; it is enough for the controlled property of the particle, (i.e., the property that is being controlled by actions in the control region), to enter that region. The presence of the controlled property, without the particle itself, is possible via a quantum Cheshire Cat type effect in which a property can be disembodied from the particle that possesses it. At the same time, we generalize the quantum Cheshire Cat effect to dynamical settings, in which the property that is “disembodied” from the particle possessing it propagates in space, and leads to a flux of “disembodied” conserved quantities.

scholarly journals Hypersensitive Site 2 Specifies a Unique Function within the Human β-Globin Locus Control Region To Stimulate Globin Gene Transcription

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3062-3072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bungert ◽  
Keiji Tanimoto ◽  
Sunil Patel ◽  
Qinghui Liu ◽  
Mark Fear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromatin Opening

ABSTRACT The human β-globin locus control region (LCR) harbors both strong chromatin opening and enhancer activity when assayed in transgenic mice. To understand the contribution of individual DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS) to the function of the human β-globin LCR, we have mutated the core elements within the context of a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) carrying the entire locus and then analyzed the effect of these mutations on the formation of LCR HS elements and expression of the genes in transgenic mice. In the present study, we examined the consequences of two different HS2 mutations. We first generated seven YAC transgenic lines bearing a deletion of the 375-bp core enhancer of HS2. Single-copy HS2 deletion mutants exhibited severely depressed HS site formation and expression of all of the human β-globin genes at every developmental stage, confirming that HS2 is a vital, integral component of the LCR. We also analyzed four transgenic lines in which the core element of HS2 was replaced by that of HS3 and found that while HS3 is able to restore the chromatin-opening activity of the LCR, it is not able to functionally replace HS2 in mediating high-level globin gene transcription. These results continue to support the hypothesis that HS2, HS3, and HS4 act as a single, integral unit to regulate human globin gene transcription as a holocomplex, but they can also be interpreted to say that formation of a DNase I hypersensitive holocomplex alone is not sufficient for mediating high-level globin gene transcription. We therefore propose that the core elements must productively interact with one another to generate a unique subdomain within the nucleoprotein holocomplex that interacts in a stage-specific manner with individual globin gene promoters.

scholarly journals Quantum violation of the pigeonhole principle and the nature of quantum correlations

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakir Aharonov ◽  
Fabrizio Colombo ◽  
Sandu Popescu ◽  
Irene Sabadini ◽  
Daniele C. Struppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Pigeonhole Principle ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Interesting Structure

The pigeonhole principle: “If you put three pigeons in two pigeonholes, at least two of the pigeons end up in the same hole,” is an obvious yet fundamental principle of nature as it captures the very essence of counting. Here however we show that in quantum mechanics this is not true! We find instances when three quantum particles are put in two boxes, yet no two particles are in the same box. Furthermore, we show that the above “quantum pigeonhole principle” is only one of a host of related quantum effects, and points to a very interesting structure of quantum mechanics that was hitherto unnoticed. Our results shed new light on the very notions of separability and correlations in quantum mechanics and on the nature of interactions. It also presents a new role for entanglement, complementary to the usual one. Finally, interferometric experiments that illustrate our effects are proposed.

scholarly journals Interplay of opposing fate choices stalls oncogenic growth in murine skin epithelium

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Sandoval ◽  
Zhe Ying ◽  
Slobodan Beronja
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
The Core ◽  
Skin Epithelium ◽  
Oncogenic Mutations ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Progressive Enlargement

Skin epithelium can accumulate a high burden of oncogenic mutations without morphological or functional consequences. To investigate the mechanism of oncogenic tolerance, we induced HrasG12V in single murine epidermal cells and followed them long-term. We observed that HrasG12V promotes an early and transient clonal expansion driven by increased progenitor renewal that is replaced with an increase in progenitor differentiation leading to reduced growth. We attribute this dynamic effect to emergence of two populations within oncogenic clones: renewing progenitors along the edge and differentiating ones within the central core. As clone expansion is accompanied by progressive enlargement of the core and diminishment of the edge compartment, the intra-clonal competition between the two populations results in stabilized oncogenic growth. To identify the molecular mechanism of HrasG12V-driven differentiation, we screened known Ras-effector in vivo, and identified Rassf5 as a novel regulator of progenitor fate choice that is necessary and sufficient for oncogene-specific differentiation.

The shift of the optical absorption band edge of ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanotube arrays beyond quantum effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Tarish ◽  
Ahmed Al-Haddad ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Dawei Cao ◽  
Zhijie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Absorption Band Edge ◽  
Optical Absorption Band ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nanostructure Arrays

In this work, we demonstrate that geometrical parameters could impact the optical absorption of the core/shell nanostructure arrays, without concerning the quantum effects.

scholarly journals Deletion of the core region of 5′ HS2 of the mouse β-globin locus control region reveals a distinct effect in comparison with human β-globin transgenes

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Michael Bulger ◽  
M. A. Bender ◽  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Mark Groudine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Region ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Locus Control Region ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Globin Genes ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hypersensitive Sites ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe β-globin locus control region (LCR) is a large DNA element that is required for high-level expression of β-like globin genes from the endogenous mouse locus or in transgenic mice carrying the human β-globin locus. The LCR encompasses 6 DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) that bind transcription factors. These HSs each contain a core of a few hundred base pairs (bp) that has most of the functional activity and exhibits high interspecies sequence homology. Adjoining the cores are 500- to 1000-bp “flanks” with weaker functional activity and lower interspecies homology. Studies of human β-globin transgenes and of the endogenous murine locus show that deletion of an entire HS (core plus flanks) moderately suppresses expression. However, human transgenes in which only individual HS core regions were deleted showed drastic loss of expression accompanied by changes in chromatin structure. To address these disparate results, we have deleted the core region of 5′HS2 from the endogenous murine β-LCR. The phenotype was similar to that of the larger 5′HS2 deletion, with no apparent disruption of chromatin structure. These results demonstrate that the greater severity of HS core deletions in comparison to full HS deletions is not a general property of the β-LCR. (Blood. 2006;107:821-826)

scholarly journals Implementing quantum logic gates with gradient ascent pulse engineering: principles and practicalities

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1976) ◽  
pp. 4636-4650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rowland ◽  
Jonathan A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Quantum Logic Gates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Gradient Ascent ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum

We briefly describe the use of gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) pulses to implement quantum logic gates in nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computers, and discuss a range of simple extensions to the core technique. We then consider a range of difficulties that can arise in practical implementations of GRAPE sequences, reflecting non-idealities in the experimental systems used.

scholarly journals ON A GEOMETRICAL DESCRIPTION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NOVELLO ◽  
J. M. SALIM ◽  
F. T. FALCIANO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Affine Space ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Geometrical Description ◽  
The Core ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Geometrical Formulation

We show that quantum mechanics can be interpreted as a modification of the Euclidean nature of 3-d space into a particular affine space, which we call Q-wis. This is proved using the Bohm–de Broglie causal formulation of quantum mechanics. In the Q-wis geometry, the length of extended objects changes from point to point. In this formulation, deformation of physical distances are in the core of quantum effects allowing a geometrical formulation of the uncertainty principle.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

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