scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas9 effectors facilitate generation of single-sex litters and sex-specific phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Douglas ◽  
Valdone Maciulyte ◽  
Jasmin Zohren ◽  
Daniel M. Snell ◽  
Shantha K. Mahadevaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Percent Efficiency

AbstractAnimals are essential genetic tools in scientific research and global resources in agriculture. In both arenas, a single sex is often required in surplus. The ethical and financial burden of producing and culling animals of the undesired sex is considerable. Using the mouse as a model, we develop a synthetic lethal, bicomponent CRISPR-Cas9 strategy that produces male- or female-only litters with one hundred percent efficiency. Strikingly, we observe a degree of litter size compensation relative to control matings, indicating that our system has the potential to increase the yield of the desired sex in comparison to standard breeding designs. The bicomponent system can also be repurposed to generate postnatal sex-specific phenotypes. Our approach, harnessing the technological applications of CRISPR-Cas9, may be applicable to other vertebrate species, and provides strides towards ethical improvements for laboratory research and agriculture.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATIVE RESEARCH AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PROFESSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Santo Di Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The evaluative research is an important goal of applied research in psychology, and can constitute a link between scientific research and the definition of an evidence-based profession, in many fields of psychology: e.g., educational, social, work, clinical psychology.But to make a good evaluative research some methodological considerations are needed. First of all, the complexity of this field of study overwhelms the traditional methods based on laboratory research, which defines and manages variables, sampling, and statistical analyses in a reductive way.

Research of Network Management Platform Based on BS Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Xiang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Sql Server ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Uml Modeling ◽  
Ajax Technology

In this paper, using UML modeling tool (Rational Rose) conducted a needs analysis and modeling system, and on this basis, we design the interface module functions, system architecture and database. The paper finally designed and realized the system based on the.NET platform and Ajax technology. The system uses SQL Server as the background data management system, and in the end using ADO.NET technology to realize data access. According to the actual scientific research management, system design includes integrated office, scientific research institutions, scientific research personnel, research projects and other subsystems. the majority of teachers and the laboratory research team can within the prescribed time limit, in any location by logging into the science and Technology Department of scientific research project management webpage query declaration, provides great convenience for research teachers.

scholarly journals The relational responsibilities of scientists: (Re) considering science as a practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anthropology Of Science ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Laboratory Training ◽  
Practice Of Science

Studies of science are increasingly drawing attention to the highly communal nature of research. Ethics, sociology, philosophy, and anthropology of science all emphasize the key role that collaborative actions play in the generation of scientific knowledge. Nonetheless, despite the increasing interest in these communal aspects of scientific research, studies on the relationships underpinning communality are commonly focused on the how the individual interacts with their peers and contributes to the epistemic activities of science. In contrast, there is little literature that broadens out the scope of this analysis to consider the multidimensional nature of these research relationships. In particular, little is said about how scientists mediate their social interactions with peers during daily laboratory research. Less, indeed, is said about the tradition of ‘learning through example’ that characterizes most in situ laboratory training. All of these relational activities are of critical importance in sustaining and perpetuating the practice of science. It therefore becomes important to ask how we understand these relational activities directed towards building and sustaining relationships in different loci for the primary purpose of strengthening the practice of research and sustaining the traditions of scientific research. Moreover, it is vital to consider how discussions on responsibility may be cached out for individual scientists. This article employs a virtue ethics approach to consider these issues. It begins by sketching out the plethora of different relationships present in daily laboratory practice using existing ethnographic studies. It then uses virtue ethics to identify specific responsibilities that individual scientists have in cultivating and safeguarding the development of these relationships. It concludes by suggesting ways in which these issues may be taken up in teaching responsible conduct to scientists.

scholarly journals Generating single-sex litters: development of CRISPR-Cas9 genetic tools to produce all-male offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Douglas ◽  
Valdone Maciulyte ◽  
Jasmin Zohren ◽  
Daniel M. Snell ◽  
Obah A. Ojarikre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Embryonic Lethality ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Topoisomerase 1 ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Single Sex

AbstractAnimals are extremely useful genetic tools in science and global resources in agriculture. However, a single sex is often required in surplus, and current genetic methods for producing all-female or all-male litters are inefficient. Using the mouse as a model, we developed a synthetic, two-part bicomponent strategy for generating all-male litters. We achieved this using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to generate large stable knock-ins on the autosomes and X chromosome. The bicomponent system functions via the sex-specific co-inheritance of a Cas9 transgene and an sgRNA transgene targeting the essential Topoisomerase 1 gene. This technology proved to be highly efficient in generating on-target mutations, resulting in embryonic lethality of the target sex. Our study is the first to successfully generate all-male mammalian litters using a CRISPR-Cas9 bicomponent system and provides great strides towards generating single-sex litters for laboratory or agricultural research.

scholarly journals QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE FIELD LABORATORY RESEARCH BY APPLYING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 STANDARD

Akademos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Mihail Guzun ◽  
◽  
Igor Cojocaru ◽  
Viorica Botnaru ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

The European integration of the Republic of Moldova can be facilitated by the alignment of organizations, including research institutes and laboratories, with good practices recognized at the international level, many of them being described in documents prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For scientific research activities carried out in laboratories, such practices are described in the ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 standard „General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”. The paper represents a synthesis of the quality assurance methods in the research and development activity carried out in the scientific research laboratories, offered by the above standard. The approaches of the standard on the primary conditions that can ensure valid results to meet the requirements and expectations of the beneficiaries of research results are described, so as to obtain and maintain long-term confidence of all stakeholders in laboratory work and scientific truth obtained in experimental research.

scholarly journals Innovative system of organization, accounting treatment of solid municipal and bulky waste, economic incentives for their separate collection and processing

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Marev ◽  
Eduard S. Tskhovrebov ◽  
Evgeniy G. Velichko ◽  
Fedor F. Gaev ◽  
Sergey I. Shkanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Pre Treatment

Introduction. The approach to the creation and development of the system of separate collection and pre-treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) and bulky waste. At present, Russia is lagging behind in the level of waste disposal, the expedient use of secondary resources. One of the main reasons is the lack of a cost-effective system for managing waste and secondary resources. Despite the deteriorating environmental situation, the closure of landfills for municipal solid waste, the growth of unauthorized landfills, there has been a trend of growth in tariffs for removal and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) and bulky waste affecting the entire population of Russia. This problem determines the need to find new scientific and methodological approaches and practical solutions for planning not only the placement of industrial waste disposal infrastructure, but also creating a system for separate collection and pretreatment of MSW and bulky waste in the sources of their formation, justification and optimization of the standards for the accumulation of this waste for citizens. Materials and methods. Materials for conducting a scientific research are: legal acts, standards, guidelines and recommendations, regulatory and technical documentation in the field of waste management, published materials of domestic and foreign scientific research. The methods of scientific research are based on the use of factor, comparative, expert types of analysis. Results. Optimization of the system for calculating the standard of accumulation of MSW and bulky waste is proposed; reducing the financial burden on citizens in terms of tariffs for garbage collection; economic incentives for the population to separate the collection of MSW with the pretreatment of the components of this waste to the level of demanded secondary resources. Conclusions. The introduction of the proposed system will allow achieving socio-economic, environmental, natural resource, political effect, consolidating the society to solve the problem of resource conservation, the use of secondary resources.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽  
Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽  
Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

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