scholarly journals Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase associates with clinical variables in a longitudinal cohort study of Parkinsons disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan P. van Kessel ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
Filip Scheperjans ◽  
Sahar El Aidy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractGut microbiota influences the clinical response of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. However, the underlying mechanisms through which drug–microbiota interactions occur are still obscure. Previously, we reported that tyrosine decarboxylating (TDC) bacteria may restrict the levels of levodopa reaching circulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We observed a significant positive association between disease duration and the abundance of the bacterial tdc-gene. The question arises whether increased exposure to anti-PD medication could affect the abundance of bacterial TDC, to ultimately impact drug efficacy. To this end, we investigated the potential association between anti-PD drug exposure and bacterial tdc-gene abundance over a period of 2 years in a longitudinal cohort of PD patients and healthy controls. Our data reveal significant associations between tdc-gene abundance, several anti-PD medications, including entacapone, rasagiline, pramipexole, and ropinirole but not levodopa, and gastrointestinal symptoms, warranting further research on the effect of anti-PD medication on microbial changes and gastrointestinal function.

scholarly journals Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase gene abundance associates with disease duration, medication exposure, and gastrointestinal symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of Parkinson's disease patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan P van Kessel ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
Filip Scheperjans ◽  
Sahar El Aidy
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Gene Abundance

Gut microbiota influences the clinical response of a wide variety of orally administered drugs. However, the underlying mechanisms by which drug-microbiota interactions occur are still obscure. Previously, we reported that tyrosine decarboxylating (TDC) bacteria may restrict the levels of levodopa reaching the circulation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We observed a significant positive association between disease duration and the abundance of the bacterial tdc-gene. The question arises whether increased exposure to anti-PD medication could affect the abundance of bacterial TDC, to ultimately impact drug efficacy. To this end, we investigated the potential association between anti-PD drug exposure and bacterial tdc-gene abundance over a time period of two years in a longitudinal cohort of PD patients and healthy controls. Our data reveal significant associations between tdc-gene abundance, anti-PD medication, and gastrointestinal symptoms and warrants further research on the effect of anti-PD medication on microbial changes and gastrointestinal-function.

scholarly journals Changes in Serum Lipid Profiles among Canine Patients Suffering from Chronic Hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Sathidpak Nantasanti Assawarachan ◽  
Piyathip Chuchalermporn ◽  
Phudit Maneesaay ◽  
Naris Thengchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Bile Acid Concentration ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. However, the association between serum lipids and canine chronic hepatitis remains unknown. In this study, serum lipids, hepatic profiles, and hepatic ultrasound scores of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic hepatitis were evaluated. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in dogs with chronic hepatitis. There were 62.2% of dogs with chronic hepatitis accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or both. Positive correlations were observed between serum ALT and cholesterol (r = 0.8287, p < 0.01), serum ALP and cholesterol (r = 0.8436, p < 0.01), serum GGT and cholesterol (r = 0.5640, p < 0.01), serum bile acid and cholesterol (r = 0.3310, p < 0.01) and serum ALP and triglycerides (r = 0.2582, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between ultrasound scores of diseased dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia and diseased dogs with and without hypercholesterolemia. Canine chronic hepatitis is associated with hyperlipidemia. A significant positive association was identified between hyperlipidemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, liver enzymes, and bile acid concentration in dogs suffering from chronic hepatitis. The underlying mechanisms connecting hyperlipidemia and canine chronic hepatitis remain elusive.

“Heal the World”: A field experiment on the effects of music with prosocial lyrics on prosocial behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Everyday Situation

A significant amount of existing research has dealt with the negative effects of music on people’s behavior, but only a few studies have shown that music with prosocial lyrics can increase prosocial behavior. This study focuses on the positive effects of music with prosocial lyrics on people in an everyday setting. Based on the general learning model, a field experiment ( N = 256, 66% female) was conducted to test whether people exposed to music with prosocial lyrics engaged in more prosocial behavior by buying more fair trade products compared to regular products than did those exposed to songs with neutral lyrics. Guests of a café were randomly assigned to either the prosocial or the neutral music condition and were monitored by two observers who were instructed to report the prosocial purchase (of fair trade coffee) and tipping behavior of the guests. The results indicated that there is a significant positive association between prosocial behavior and the prosocial lyrics of the songs played. The study shows that it is most likely that music with prosocial lyrics can influence one’s prosocial purchase behavior in an everyday situation. The underlying mechanisms are still poorly researched, but these findings support the theoretical assumptions.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

The Nexus Between Urbanisation and Human Empowerment: Income Group Based Findings of Bidirectional Causality

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Christos Kollias ◽  
Panayiotis Tzeremes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Democratic Rule

Abstract The economic and social drivers of democratisation and the emergence and establishment of democratic institutions are longstanding themes of academic discourse. Within this broad body of literature, it has been argued that the process of urbanisation is also conducive to the emergence and consolidation of democracy through a number of different channels. Cities offer better access to education and facilitate organised public action and the demand for more democratic rule and respect of human rights. The nexus between urbanisation and human rights is the theme that is taken up in the present paper. Using a sample of 123 countries for the period 1981–2011, the paper examines empirically the association between urbanisation and human empowerment using the Cingranelli-Richards Index. In broad terms, the findings reported herein do not point to a strong nexus across all income groups. Nevertheless, there is evidence suggesting the presence of such a statistically significant positive association in specific cases.

Empirical analysis on corporate environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Acar ◽  
Hüseyin Temiz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
Environmental Disclosure ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Disclosures

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the association between environmental performance of firms and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachWe used tobit regression OLS and t-test methods to reveal the association between environmental performance and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure.FindingsWe find a significant positive association between the level of discretionary environmental disclosures and corporate environmental performance. The result is in line with the arguments of economics disclosure theory that argues environmentally good performers disclose more.Practical implicationsMany of the environmentally good firms in Turkey are also listed in the “BIST Sustainability Index,” and this situation can be the result of the relative power of external regulations. Accordingly, it can be suggested to increase the community and governmental pressures for environmental reporting but also gives importance to increase intrinsic motivations for companies to engage in disclosure practices.Originality/valueThis study shed light on relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context. Also, it is revisited that the relation between environmental performance and the level of environmental disclosure by testing two different predictions on the level of environmental disclosures.

scholarly journals Can Anhedonia Be Considered a Suicide Risk Factor? A Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonanni ◽  
Gualtieri ◽  
Lester ◽  
Falcone ◽  
Nardella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Background and Objectives: At present, data collected from the literature about suicide and anhedonia are controversial. Some studies have shown that low levels of anhedonia are associated with serious suicide attempts and death by suicide, while other studies have shown that high levels of anhedonia are associated with suicide. Materials and Methods: For this review, we searched PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect for clinical studies published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 with the following search terms used in the title or in the abstract: “anhedonia AND suicid*.” We obtained a total of 155 articles; 133 items were excluded using specific exclusion criteria, the remaining 22 articles included were divided into six groups based on the psychiatric diagnosis: mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other diagnoses, attempted suicides, and others (healthy subjects). Results: The results of this review reveal inconsistencies. Some studies reported that high anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior (regardless of the diagnosis), while other studies found that low anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior, and a few studies reported no association. The most consistent association between anhedonia and suicidal behavior was found for affective disorders (7 of 7 studies reported a significant positive association) and for PTSD (3 of 3 studies reported a positive association). In the two studies of patients with schizophrenia, one found no association, and one found a negative association. For patients who attempted suicide (undiagnosed), one study found a positive association, one a positive association only for depressed attempters, and one a negative association. Conclusions: We found the most consistent positive association for patients with affective disorders and PTSD, indicating that the assessment of anhedonia may be useful in the evaluation of suicidal risk.

Mother Phubbing and Adolescent Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mother Acceptance and the Moderating Role of Emotional Stability

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098390
Author(s):  
Jiahui Qu ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Xie ◽  
Pengcheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have found some risk factors of cyberbullying. However, little is known about how mother phubbing may influence adolescent cyberbullying, and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. “Phubbing,” which is a portmanteau of “phone” and “subbing,” refers to snubbing other people and focus on smartphones in social interactions. This study examined whether mother phubbing, which refers to being phubbed by one’s mother, would be positively related to adolescent cyberbullying, whether perceived mother acceptance would mediate the relationship between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, and whether emotional stability would moderate the pathways between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 4,213 Chinese senior high school students (mean age 16.41 years, SD = 0.77, 53% were female). Participants completed measurements regarding mother phubbing, cyberbullying, perceived mother acceptance, and emotional stability. The results indicated that mother phubbing was positively related to cyberbullying, which was mediated by perceived mother acceptance. Further, moderated mediation analyses showed that emotional stability moderated the direct path between mother phubbing and cyberbullying and the indirect path between mother phubbing and perceived mother acceptance. This study highlighted the harmful impact of mother phubbing on adolescents by showing a positive association between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, as well as the underlying mechanisms between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying.

scholarly journals Autophagic Markers in Chordomas: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Comparison with the Immune Microenvironment of Chordoma Tissues

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Georgia Karpathiou ◽  
Maroa Dridi ◽  
Lila Krebs-Drouot ◽  
François Vassal ◽  
Emmanuel Jouanneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Cell Expression

Chordomas are notably resistant to chemotherapy. One of the cytoprotective mechanisms implicated in chemoresistance is autophagy. There are indirect data that autophagy could be implicated in chordomas, but its presence has not been studied in chordoma tissues. Sixty-one (61) chordomas were immunohistochemically studied for autophagic markers and their expression was compared with the expression in notochords, clinicopathological data, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment. All chordomas strongly and diffusely expressed cytoplasmic p62 (sequestosome 1, SQSTM1/p62), whereas 16 (26.2%) tumors also showed nuclear p62 expression. LC3B (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B) tumor cell expression was found in 44 (72.1%) tumors. Autophagy-related 16‑like 1 (ATG16L1) was also expressed by most tumors. All tumors expressed mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6PR/IGF2R). LC3B tumor cell expression was negatively associated with tumor size, while no other parameters, such as age, sex, localization, or survival, were associated with the immunohistochemical factors studied. LC3B immune cell expression showed a significant positive association with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+ immune cells and with a higher vascular density. ATG16L1 expression was also positively associated with higher vascular density. Notochords (n = 5) showed different immunostaining with a very weak LC3B and M6PR expression, and no p62 expression. In contrast to normal notochords, autophagic factors such as LC3B and ATG16L1 are often present in chordomas, associated with a strong and diffuse expression of p62, suggesting a blocked autophagic flow. Furthermore, PD-L1+ immune cells also express LC3B, suggesting the need for further investigations between autophagy and the immune microenvironment.

scholarly journals Association between Health Practice and Food Stockpiling for Disaster

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Moeka Harada ◽  
Rie Kobayashi ◽  
Jun Oka ◽  
Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Good Score

In this study investigated the association between health practices and food stockpiling for disasters in predicted areas with a high risk of food shortage due to the Nankai Trough earthquake. A survey was conducted during 18–20 December 2019 using a self-administered web-based questionnaire. In total, 1200 individuals registered with an online survey company participated in the study. The association between health practices and food stockpiling status was analyzed (n = 998). 59.1% of participants had a poor Breslow’s seven health practice scores (BHPS), 32.9% had a moderate score, and 8.0% had a good score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher BHPS had a significantly higher prevalence of food stockpiling. Additionally, the interrupted group had the highest percentage of participants with low BHPS. Lower BHPS was significantly associated with interrupted stockpiled in the adjusted models. Among the seven health practices, the odds ratio of the “eating breakfast” practice was high. There was a significant positive association between higher health practice scores and food stockpiling for disasters in areas with a high risk of food shortage due to the predicted earthquake. Particularly, it was clarified that individuals who had fewer good health practices were associated with ending up interrupting food stockpiling.

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