scholarly journals Alpha-Glucan, Water Dikinase 1 Affects Starch Metabolism and Storage Root Growth in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Zhou ◽  
Shutao He ◽  
Maliwan Naconsie ◽  
Qiuxiang Ma ◽  
Samuel C. Zeeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
And Storage

Salt Tolerance and Regulation of Enzymes of Starch Synthesis in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Hawker ◽  
GM Smith
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Adpglucose Pyrophosphorylase ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Porous Growth ◽  
Phosphoglyceric Acid ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The growth rate of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta cv. MAUS7) decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl from 0 to 75 mM in nutrient solutions supplied regularly in a porous growth medium in a glasshouse. Tuber weight was reduced to one-half between 30 and 50 mM NaCl and there was some burning of apical leaves at 50 and 75 mM NaCl. By comparison with other plants, this cultivar of cassava can be considered to have medium sensitivity to salinity. Na+ and Cl- concentrations increased in all tissues with increasing concentrations of supplied NaCl, except that Na+ remained low in laminae until the 75 mM treatment. K+ levels decreased in tubers. Starch concentrations remained the same in tubers, and K+ stimulated starch bound ADPglucose starch synthase by 1 .5-fold. Leaves and tubers contained activities of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and ADPglucose-starch synthase similar to those found in leaves and storage organs of other starch synthesizing plants. ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from leaves was stimulated 20-fold by 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PGA) while the enzyme from tubers was almost completely dependent on 3PGA at pH 8.5. The A0.5 values for 3PGA (the concentration required for one-half maximal activation) for the leaf and tuber enzymes at pH 8.5 were 1.31 mM and 7.41 mM respectively. At pH 7.5 the leaf enzyme was stimulated 26-fold and the tuber enzyme was again almost completely dependent on 3PGA. The A0.5 values at pH 7.5 were 1.17 mM and 3.8 mM, respectively. The I0.5 values for PI (concentrations required to cause 50% inhibition) in the presence of 3PGA were 2 mM, 0.25 mM and 0.04 mM for leaf enzyme at pH 8.5 and tuber enzyme at pH 8.5 and 7.7 respectively. The results support the view that it is not possible to generalize about the magnitude of the control of ADPglucose synthesis in leaves as opposed to non-chlorophyllous tissues.

scholarly journals Studies toward the identification of transcription factors in cassava storage root

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Regina Batista de Souza ◽  
Elionor Rita Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco Carvalho ◽  
Eugen Silvano Gander
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cassava Storage Root

Transcription factors play important roles in several physiological processes. In recent years many transcription factors have been isolated from plants and they are emerging as powerful tools in the manipulation of plant traits. In this work we initiated studies in order to isolate transcription factors from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical and subtropical crop. Our results show three kinds of proteins expressed differentially in cassava storage root and immunologically related to the opaque-2 transcription factor from maize. Southwestern experiments showed two proteins capable of interacting in vitro with the DNA sequence of the be2S1 gene from the Brazil nut tree.

scholarly journals Extended Utilization of Constraint-Based Metabolic Model in a Long-Growing Crop

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Porntip Chiewchankaset ◽  
Saowalak Kalapanulak ◽  
Treenut Saithong
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The constraint-based rMeCBM-KU50 model of cassava storage root growth was analyzed to evaluate its sensitivity, with respect to reaction flux distribution and storage root growth rate, to changes in model inputted data and constraints, including sucrose uptake rate-related data—photosynthetic rate, total leaf area, total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and biomass function-related data. These mainly varied within ±90% of the model default values, although exceptions were made for the carbohydrate (−90% to 8%) and starch (−90% to 9%) contents. The results indicated that the predicted storage root growth rate was highly affected by specific sucrose uptake rates through the total photosynthetic rate and storage root dry weight variations; whereas the carbon flux distribution, direction and partitioning inclusive, was more sensitive to the variation in biomass content, particularly the carbohydrate content. This study showed that the specific sucrose uptake rate based on the total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and carbohydrate content were critical to the constraint-based metabolic modeling and deepened our understanding of the input–output relationship—specifically regarding the rMeCBM-KU50 model—providing a valuable platform for the modeling of plant metabolic systems, especially long-growing crops.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL PATTERN OF GROWTH IN ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079g-1079
Author(s):  
Scott Aker ◽  
William Healy
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Active Storage ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
High Soil Temperature ◽  
Short Days

Alstroemeria `Regina' and A. `Orchid' Linn. plants were grown in rhizotrons to facilitate non-destructive observation of shoot, rhizome, and storage root growth. In plants grown at 21/11 C or 21/21 C day/night temperatures under either 8 hr night interruption or an 8 hour short days, storage root growth was favored by cool (11 C) night temperatures and long days. The seasonal patterns of storage root and rhizome growth were inversely related to the seasonal pattern of shoot growth. Growth of shoots and rhizomes followed a cyclic pattern. The cycles of shoot and rhizome growth were in phase with each other until the plants resumed vegetative growth due to high soil temperature. At this point, the cycles of shoot and rhizome growth were shifted out of phase with each other. Thinning shoots by 60% resulted in delay and damping out of the peak of storage root growth; the cyclic growth of storage roots was disrupted when plants were thinned by 60% such that the cycles of active storage root growth were delayed by 1 week.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for phenotypic stability analysis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes for yield and storage root dry matter content

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Ammi Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Dry Matter Content

The objective of this work was to compare different phenotypic stability methods by using yield and storage root dry matter content data of eight cassava genotypes, assessed in eight environments in northwest of Paraná State, Brazil. All the methodologies applied showed to be able to study the stability of cassava genotypes, but each with its peculiarities. The methodologies of Eskridge, Annicchiarico and Lin and Binns were the most appropriated on situation with smaller effect of G x E interaction. The AMMI analysis and the Toler and Burrows methodology were the most specific on detailing specific adaptations of cassava genotypes to favorable and unfavorable environments. It could be suggested to use simultaneous AMMI analysis and Toler and Burrows methodology. The clone IAC 190-89 was the most promising.

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