scholarly journals Influence of short-term macronutrient deprivation in maize on photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sitko ◽  
Żaneta Gieroń ◽  
Michał Szopiński ◽  
Paulina Zieleźnik-Rusinowska ◽  
Szymon Rusinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of the research was to compare the impact of short-term deprivation of selected macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg and P) on the photosynthetic characteristics, transpiration and pigment content in maize. The strongest inhibition of photosynthesis was caused by a deprivation of Mg, which was visible as a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, photosystem II (PSII) performance, chlorophyll and flavonol content with a simultaneously increased content of anthocyanins. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in the photosynthetic rate was observed. However, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance did not differ significantly compared with the control. In the K-deprived plants, a decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in the anthocyanin content were also observed. We showed that Ca starvation resulted in a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and PSII performance, while the pigment content was not significantly different compared with the control. In the case of P-deprived plants, we observed a decrease in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Interestingly, the inhibition of stomatal conductance was the strongest in the P-deprived plants compared with all of the investigated elements. However, the performance of PSII was not significantly affected by P starvation compared with the control. Our results present for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the effect of short-term macronutrient deprivation on photosynthesis and transpiration in maize plants.

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

scholarly journals Financial Constraints and Export Participation of SMEs in Post-Communist Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-319
Author(s):  
Ramiz Rahmanov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Heterogeneity Analysis ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This paper examines the impact of medium- and short-term financial constraints on the probability of export participation of SMEs in 28 post-communist countries. The regression analysis conducted over the cross-sectional sample of SMEs taken from the BEEPS III-IV-V shows that the medium- and short-term financial constraints produce a significantly negative effect on the probability of exporting. Although there exist arguments for why the effects of medium- and short-term financial constraints can differ from each other, both the medium- and short-term financial constraints appear to reduce the probability of exporting equally by 25%. The regression results also suggest that more productive, innovative, and larger SMEs, and also SMEs with international quality certificates are more likely to export. When the regressions are separately estimated for the first-time and continuous exporters, it appears that only the probability of exporting of continuous exporters is significantly sensitive to the financial constraints. Furthermore, the regressions separately run for the direct and indirect exporters show that the financial constraints have a larger effect on the probability of exporting of indirect exporters. The heterogeneity analysis shows that there is a significant heterogeneity in the effects of medium- and short-term financial constraints on the likelihood of exporting across regions, industries, periods, and firm types.

Recovery from short-term complete submergence in temperate pasture grasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. Striker ◽  
Rocío A. Ploschuk
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Schedonorus Arundinaceus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leaf Greenness

The ability to recover from the impact of short-term submergence was assessed on four widely used grasses in pastures: Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus catharticus Vahl., Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. (syn. Festuca arundinacea) and Phalaris aquatica L. Six-week-old plants were subjected to a 5-day complete submergence in clear water, followed by a 15-day recovery period. Dry mass after submergence, shoot and root growth, number of tillers per plant, leaf stomatal conductance and leaf greenness during recovery were assessed. Dactylis glomerata and B. catharticus were sensitive to submergence, showing very low relative growth rate (RGR) of shoots and roots during recovery (37–67% lower than controls) along with early leaf senescence and persistent partial stomatal closure. Schedonorus arundinaceus exhibited an intermediate tolerance, sustaining high RGR of shoots (similar to controls) and fully adjusting its leaf functionality during recovery despite being affected during submergence (40% decrease in dry mass and 37% in tiller number). Phalaris aquatica performed outstandingly, with dry mass unaffected by submergence, and unaltered stomatal conductance, leaf greenness, tillering and shoot growth during recovery. Therefore, in areas where flooding can often cause plant submergence, P. aquatica is recommended whereas the other species are not, because they may be outcompeted by flood-tolerant species.

scholarly journals The Impact of Single and Multiple Mergers and Acquisitions on Shareholders’ Wealth of UK Bidder Firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
George Giannopoulos ◽  
Ehsan Khansalar ◽  
Patel Neel
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Learning Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Industry Relatedness

This study investigates the impact of takeover announcements on UK acquirer shareholders’ wealth during the period 2002-2006. More specifically, it is investigated whether the impact of single acquirers on shareholders’ wealth is significantly different from the impact of multiple acquirers. Findings suggest that acquirer shareholders experience positive abnormal returns during the announcement period. Moreover, the results indicate single acquirers consistently outperform multiple acquirers when testing for deal characteristics such as: payment method (cash or equity), target status (public or private), target location (domestic or cross-border) and industry relatedness (specification or diversification). Performance declines with sequential acquisitions due to merger programme announcement hypothesis. Successful first time acquirers suffer from hubris whilst unsuccessful first time acquirers learn from their experiences suggested by the organisation learning hypothesis but go on to suffer from hubris. Acquisitions of private firms yield significant abnormal returns whereas public acquisitions reduce the value of UK acquirers. The effect of cash and equity, domestic and foreign, related and unrelated takeovers are inconclusive for the short-term windows investigated by this study.

scholarly journals New tariff regulation for natural monopolies: what should it be?

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
I. A. Dolmatov ◽  
I. YU. Zolotova ◽  
I. V. Maskaev
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the last several years, the Russian Federation has been artificially restraining the growth of tariffs for the services of natural monopolies. A simple decision, which is taken hastily a few years ago as a short-term anti-crisis measure, has every chance of becoming a "solution" for many years to come. The authors attempt to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the tariff regulation and present the results obtained in the framework of the basic research program of the Higher School of Economics on the impact of tariffs in the energy sector on the main macroeconomic indicators, most often used as arguments in favor of tariff restraint. It is shown that tariffs, including the ones for electricity networks, should cover all efficient costs of regulated companies in full which enables reliable and safe power supply for sustainable and efficient development of industries and wellbeing of the population. The authors present for the first time the results of the estimations of the efficiency of the operational costs of electric networks in Russia obtained on the models developed by the Institute of Pricing and Regulation of Natural Monopolies. The models are based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique, one of the most advanced and most common methods in contemporary tariff setting.

scholarly journals Adaptive Response of a Native Mediterranean Grapevine Cultivar Upon Short-Term Exposure to Drought and Heat Stress in the Context of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Aziz Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on viticulture is of major importance. Several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptive performance to drought and heat stresses. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well known. In the present study we examined the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical attributes in two grapevine cultivars: Chardonnay (international) and Xynisteri, an indigenous adapted to the specific Cypriot microclimate. Xynisteri plants exhibited decreasing leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate as well as increasing total phenols and antioxidant capacity under DS conditions. These reactions were concomitant to a rapid accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in leaves, associated to an increase of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity. However, Chardonnay plants did not exhibit the same responses as Xynisteri against DS (i.e., stomatal closure, total phenolics and antioxidants) over the first four days. Additionally, Chardonnay showed leaf damage with increased lipid peroxidation levels and activation of catalase and peroxidase. Interestingly, HS increased leaf stomatal conductance and decreased total phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity in Chardonnay after 20 d of stress. In both cultivars, HS had milder effects compared to DS, and again Xynisteri showed better performance than Chardonnay in terms of damage index and antioxidative activities. Overall, Xynisteri adaptation to DS and HS was higher than that of Chardonnay, and both cultivars reacted more to the short-term DS than to HS. Although the Xynisteri performances under stress conditions provide an important resource for adaptation to stressful conditions, the impacts on earliness, yield and grape quality remain to be explored.

scholarly journals On the transition form factors of the axial-vector resonance f1(1285) and its decay into e+e−

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Zanke ◽  
Martin Hoferichter ◽  
Bastian Kubis
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Axial Vector ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Vector Meson Dominance ◽  
Transition Form ◽  
Vector Resonance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract Estimating the contribution from axial-vector intermediate states to hadronic light-by-light scattering requires input on their transition form factors (TFFs). Due to the Landau–Yang theorem, any experiment sensitive to these TFFs needs to involve at least one virtual photon, which complicates their measurement. Phenomenologically, the situation is best for the f1(1285) resonance, for which information is available from e+e− → e+e−f1, f1 → 4π, f1 → ργ, f1 → ϕγ, and f1 → e+e−. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the f1 TFFs in the framework of vector meson dominance, including short-distance constraints, to determine to which extent the three independent TFFs can be constrained from the available experimental input — a prerequisite for improved calculations of the axial-vector contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering. In particular, we focus on the process f1 → e+e−, evidence for which has been reported recently by SND for the first time, and discuss the impact that future improved measurements will have on the determination of the f1 TFFs.

scholarly journals ON THE ANALYSIS OF TURNOVER OF ENTERPRISE’S SHORT-TERM ASSETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Rositsa Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Information Provision ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
The Impact

Short-term assets are enterprise‘s resources that are involved in its business within the frames of one reporting period and their value is fully carried over to the finished product. In their nature, these are the working capital that can be classified as enterprise‘s liquid assets. The question of short-term assets‘ turnover is topical at all stages and phases of the enterprise‘s development due to the following more important reasons: 1) The acceleration of short-term assets‘ turnover results in the release of resources that can be used in accordance with the decisions made by the enterprise‘s management, and the deceleration of turnover results in difficulties for the business due to shortage of working capital. 2) The acceleration of the turnover of this working capital results in increasing the level of total rate of return of assets, and vice versa – the total rate of return of assets decreases as a result of the deceleration of short-term assets‘ turnover. 3) Turnover of working capital is a factor affecting the enterprise‘s liquidity. 4) The efficient control of the objective dependence between the rate of return and the liquidity suggests and requires analyzing and evaluating the turnover of enterprise‘s short-term assets. This publication studies the turnover of short-term assets, and its subject covers the methodology for analysis of the turnover of these resources of the enterprise. The aim of this study is to present a complex methodology for analysis of short-term assets‘ turnover, and the acceleration or decelerations of their turnover are analyzed from two perspectives. On one hand, they are analyzed as a resultative indicator by identifying the strength and direction of impact of direct factors. On the other hand, acceleration or deceleration of working capital‘s turnover is analyzed as a factor affecting the dynamics of other important business indicators – assets- and liquidity-based rate of return. For the purposes of achieving the aim of this publication the following tasks are defined: 1) The information provision of the analysis is clarified. 2) The indicators for analysis of short-term assets‘ turnover are determined. 3) It is identified whether the turnover of enterprise‘s short-term assets is accelerated or decelerated – as a whole, by groups and by types of assets. 4) The amount of released and the additionally involved short-term assets, respectively, as a result of acceleration, respectively, deceleration of their turnover, is determined. 5) The impact of direct factors on acceleration, respectively, deceleration of short-term assets‘ turnover is identified. 6) The methodologies for analysis of the impact of changes of short-term assets‘ turnover on the total rate of return of assets and on liquidity are determined. Methodologies for analysis of short-term assets‘ turnover are useful both for external and internal users of information. Based on the resultative analytical information, external users build their strategy to establish business contacts with the enterprise. Internal users are able to carry out comprehensive analysis of short-term assets‘ turnover and to make justified and proper decisions for the management of the working capital and the business of the enterprise in operative and strategic aspect.

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