scholarly journals Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho ◽  
Ana Paula S. Araújo ◽  
Andreia Polliana C. Souza ◽  
Camila M. Gomes ◽  
Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Northern Brazil

Abstract People who used illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent an important population group for acquisition and viral dispersion. In Brazil, high rates of the human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) have been reported in epidemiological studies. However, the epidemiological scenario of HTLV-1/2 infections in PWUDs is still poorly understood. Thus, this cross-sectional study determined the prevalence, frequency of subtypes and factors associated with HTLV-1/2 infections among PWUDs in the Brazilian state of Pará, an area considered endemic for this virus and with poor health services. Among 826 PWUDs, 53 (6.4%) presented anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by EIA and 44 (5.3%) presented proviral DNA by PCR. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected in 25 (3.0%) and 19 (2.3%) PWUDs, respectively. Subtypes 1a (25/44), transcontinental (23/44) and Japanese subgroups (2/44), 2b (6/44) and 2c (13/44) were identified. Involvement in illicit/criminal activity, daily use of illicit drugs, illicit drug use over 12 years, unprotected sex with other PWUDs, changes in genitalia (including ulcers and wounds), and more than 12 sexual partners were associated with HTLV-1/2 in PWUDs. This high prevalence and intense circulation of subtypes and subgroups of HTLV-1/2 is very worrying, and indicate the need for urgent actions for its control, prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Infeções sexualmente transmissíveis na população carcerária de Alfenas-MG: estudo de prevalência e intervenção educacional

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Tomazela ◽  
Rafael Clemente ◽  
Sara Reis De Paula ◽  
Luisa Patrícia Fogarolli De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Anti Hiv

INTRODUCTION: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are transmitted primarily through unprotected sex and by sharing of piercings. It is a delicate subject when treated in the context of prisons and the Associations of Protection and Assistance to the Convicted (APACs). OBJECTIVES: The overall objective was to analyze the relationships between: the prisoner, his knowledge about STIs and his condition of vulnerability. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional study and educational intervention. In the analysis of the promptuaries, serologies (FTAabs-IgG, HbsAg, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV) were researched. The intervention study was carried out in 3 stages: 1st pre-test questionnaire; 2nd lecture; and 3rd post-test questionnaire. RESULTS: From 151 promptuaries, 3 HIV positive, 4 HCV positive, and 8 FTAabs-IgG positive were identified. In APAC, 1 FTAabs-IgG positive was identified. Of the 58 APAC students, 34.5% did not access high school and 37.5% always use condoms. In the pre-test, the majority signalled that the STIs transmission was due to the sharing of punctures and unprotected sex. In the post-test we noted a gain of knowledge in most of the questions. CONCLUSION: The literature and our results showed a higher prevalence of STIs in prisons. It is noted that low schooling is related to risk practices. In addition, the sharing of tools for the drug consumption, the realization of tattoos and the unprotected sex is remarkable. Other setbacks contributing to the high prevalence of STIs have also been observed. Finally, it is necessary to increase the investments in policies directed to the prison population health.

scholarly journals Epidemiologia da cárie dentária em crianças pré-escolares de um município do Nordeste Brasileiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Vanessa Serejo Costa ◽  
Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima Freitas ◽  
Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto ◽  
Maria Adelane Monteiro da Silva ◽  
Luciano Garcia Lourenção
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de cáries em pré-escolares, por meio do índice ceo-d. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido entre fevereiro e outubro de 2016, com 189 crianças pré-escolares, com idade de cinco anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico, sistematizados no Microsoft Excel® e analisados com estatística descritiva segundo diretrizes do manual da Pesquisa SB-Brasil 2010. Resultados: Obteve-se índice ceo-d 4,48, com predominância de 90,4% do componente cariado, 3,4% extração indicada, 6,1% obturado. Apenas 20,1% da amostra obteve ceo-d = 0 (não apresentou lesões de cárie) e 68,7% nunca visitou o dentista até o momento da realização da pesquisa. Conclusão: A análise dos resultados dos componentes “c”, “e” e “d” do índice ceo-d infere que a alta prevalência da doença cárie está relacionada a fatores diversos, como higiene oral precária, medo/ansiedade, dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal ou escassez destes para a faixa etária. Palavras-chave: Saúde da Criança; Saúde Bucal; Estudos Epidemiológicos; Cárie Dentária. Objective: To verify the prevalence of caries disease in preschoolers using the ceo-d index. Method: Cross-sectional study, developed between February and October 2016, with 189 preschoolers with age of five years. The data were collected through clinical examination, systematized in Microsoft Excel® and analyzed with descriptive statistics according to guidelines of SB-Brazil 2010 Research Manual. Results: The ceo-d index was 4.48, with a predominance of 90.4% of the carious component, 3.4% indicated extraction, and 6.1% obturated. Only 20.1% of the sample obtained ceo-d = 0 (did not present caries lesions) and 68.7% never visited the dentist until the moment of the research. Conclusion: The analysis of the results of the components "c", "e" and "d" of the ceo-d index infers that the high prevalence of caries disease is related to diverse factors such as poor oral hygiene, fear/anxiety, difficulty accessing health services or shortage of these for the age group.Keywords: Child Health; Oral Health; Epidemiological Studies; Dental Caries. Objetivo: Verificar la prevalencia de caries en los niños en edad pré-escolar, por medio del índice ceo-d. Método: Estudio transversal, desarrollado entre febrero y octubre de 2016, con 189 niños de cinco años. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de examen clínico, sistematizados en Microsoft Excel® y analizados con estadísticas descriptivas de acuerdo con las directrices del Manual de Investigación SB-Brasil 2010. Resultados: Se obtuvo un índice ceo-d 4,48, con predominancia de 90,4% del componente cariado, 3,4% extracción indicada, 6,1% obturado. Solamente 20,1% de la muestra obtuvo ceo-d = 0 (no presentó lesiones de caries) y 68,7% nunca visitó al dentista hasta el momento de la realización de la investigación. Conclusión: El análisis de los resultados de los componentes “c”, “e” y “d” del índice ceo-d, indica que la alta prevalencia de la caries está relacionada a factores diversos como higiene oral precaria, miedo/ansiedad, dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud bucal o escasez de estos para esta franja de edad.  Palabras-clave: Salud del Niño; Salud Bucal; Estudios Epidemiológicos; Caries Dental.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Monteiro Santini ◽  
Elisiane Souza Santos ◽  
Luana Schneider Vianna ◽  
João Marcos Bernardes ◽  
Adriano Dias
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objectives: to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy, to identify and quantify the factors associated with gestational UI. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with women admitted for deliveries in all maternity wards in the city of Botucatu (São Paulo). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, based on the literature, containing questions about the occurrence of UI, its types, risk factors and moments when urinary losses occurred. Associations between UI and the predictive variables were analyzed with logistic regression models. Results: 950 women were interviewed, out of which 472 complained of urinary losses during pregnancy, resulting in a prevalence of 49.68% (CI95%= 46.51 - 52.86). The majority (61.8%) were classified as mixed UI. Among the covariates investigated, smoking (OR= 4.56), illicit drugs use (OR= 25.14), stimulant foods (OR= 1.84), constipation (OR=1.99), hypertensive disorders during gestation (OR= 3.23), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR= 2.89), parity (OR= 1.52) and previous caesarean sections (OR= 2.56) increased the chance of urinary losses during pregnancy. Conclusions: there was a high prevalence of UI during pregnancy. This condition was strongly associated with lifestyle habits and gestational morbidities. Finally, it is worth high-lighting the fact that delivery via caesarean section increased the chance of UI in subsequent pregnancies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oral Leukoplakia in 9954 Central Indian Patients: a Prospective, Cross-sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trushna Rahangdale ◽  
Tushar Phulambrikar ◽  
Tanvi Dosi ◽  
Vihang Naphade ◽  
Gauri Barkalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction India is one of the leading producers and consumer of tobacco. Additionally, India has one of the highest global prevalence of oral leukoplakia (OL). However, large epidemiological studies from Madhya Pradesh (Central India), the state with maximum consumers of tobacco products in India, are lacking. Objective Thus, we assessed the prevalence of OL among individuals residing in Central India and evaluated its association with age, gender, and history of adverse habits. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 9954 patients visiting the out-patient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology over a period of 15 months (January 2019 to March 2020). The clinical diagnosis of OL was arrived by exclusion of all the lesions mimicking OL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between OL and age, sex, and history of adverse habits. Results The prevalence of OL was 5.6% (557/9954). It was predominant in males (male-to-female ratio=3.9:1) and increased with advancing age. The odds of developing OL was higher among patients aged ≥50 years (OR=1.08; 95%CI: 1.07–1.08, p-value<0.0001), those with history of smoking tobacco (OR=1.32; 95%CI: 1.05–1.68, p-value=0.02), consuming smokeless tobacco (OR=318.60; 95%CI: 101.68–998.30, p-value<0.0001), and alcohol (OR=1.15; 95%CI: 9.0–1.49, p-value=0.269). Females had lower odds of developing OL (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.60–0.99, p-value=0.042). Conclusion We observed high prevalence of OL (5.6%). OL was significantly associated with older age, male sex, and tobacco-related adverse habits. While, alcohol consumption may possibly be a risk factor, no statistically significant relation was observed.

scholarly journals INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN A WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIAN CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Dalamaria ◽  
Wagner de Jesus Pinto ◽  
Edson dos Santos Farias ◽  
Orivaldo Florencio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The City ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction in a sample of high school adolescents in Acre, a state in northern Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,387 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old enrolled in high schools in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. A structured questionnaire with questions about demographics, family and behavioral patterns was applied. Internet addiction was verified using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), with a cutoff equal to or greater than 70 points. The associated factors were identified by multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 10.6%. Higher dependence was observed in females. The factors associated with Internet addiction were being female, using the computer for more than two hours a day during weekdays and on the weekend, not practicing physical activities and going out to dance at nightclubs and concerts at least once a month. A protective association of reading habits in relation to Internet dependence was observed. Conclusions: The present study showed a high prevalence of Internet dependence, with female adolescents being more susceptible. Behavioral aspects were associated with internet dependence in a sample of adolescents from Rio Branco, Acre.

scholarly journals Is Alcohol Consumption Related to Lifestyle Factors in Romanian University Students?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Bogdana Adriana Năsui ◽  
Rodica Ana Ungur ◽  
Patricia Talaba ◽  
Valentin Nicolae Varlas ◽  
Nina Ciuciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

Poor eating habits and substance abuse are major public health concerns among young adults transitioning into university life. This study’s objective was to assess Romanian students’ alcohol consumption and correlate it with other lifestyle factors. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1212 students with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.4 years. We applied a valid online questionnaire to evaluate and statistically analyze the interrelation between alcohol consumption and lifestyle factors by multivariate statistical analysis. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among the student population enrolled in the study was 79.9%. Multiple regression showed that alcohol consumption was positively associated with gender (p < 0.001), level of physical activity (p = 0.009), number of cigarettes (p < 0.001), and fast-food consumption (p < 0.001), and negatively associated with sleep (p = 0.012) and study hours (p < 0.001). The study revealed a high prevalence (18%) of binge drinking among males. The frequent use of illicit drugs is associated with alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) but present at low levels (1.6%). The study evidenced a high prevalence of alcohol consumption in students, especially in males, and poor food behavior related to the intake of vegetables and fruits. Health promotion campaigns regarding the harmful effects of alcohol, smoking, poor nutrition, and ongoing illicit drug prevention campaigns are needed to improve students’ performances.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

scholarly journals Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta R Singh ◽  
Bunsoth Mao ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov ◽  
Pisey Tan ◽  
Phana Leab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2–14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2–4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. Results Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. Conclusions The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calas ◽  
N. Zemali ◽  
G. Camuset ◽  
J. Jaubert ◽  
R. Manaquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated. Methods This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg). Results Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women ≤25 years (19/186, 10.21%; 5/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women ≤30 years (16/212, 7.54%; 5/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2/45, 4.44%) and NG (3/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2/27, 7.41%), NG (2/27, 7.40%), and MG (1/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic. Conclusions Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document