scholarly journals 3D Titania Nanofiber-Like Webs Induced by Plasma Ionization: A New Direction for Bioreactivity and Osteoinductivity Enhancement of Biomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Hossein Beigi ◽  
Naghmeh Safaie ◽  
Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani ◽  
Amirkianoosh Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn this study, we describe the formation method of web-like three-dimensional (3-D) titania nanofibrous structures coated on transparent substrate via a high intensity laser induced reverse transfer (HILIRT) process. First, we demonstrate the mechanism of ablation and deposition of Ti on the glass substrates using multiple picosecond laser pulses at ambient air in an explicit analytical form and compare the theoretical results with the experimental results of generated nanofibers. We then examine the performance of the developed glass samples coated by titania nanofibrous structures at varied laser pulse durations by electron microscopy and characterization methods. We follow this by exploring the response of human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with the specimens, using a wide range of in-vitro analyses including MTS assay (colorimetric method for assessing cell metabolic activity), immunocytochemistry, mineralization, ion release examination, gene expression analysis, and protein adsorption and absorption analysis. Our results from the quantitative and qualitative analyses show a significant biocompatibility improvement in the laser treated samples compared to untreated substrates. By decreasing the pulse duration, more titania nanofibers with denser structures can be generated during the HILIRT technique. The findings also suggest that the density of nanostructures and concentration of coated nanofibers play critical roles in the bioreactivity properties of the treated samples, which results in early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

scholarly journals Динамика спинорной экситон-поляритонной системы в латерально сжатых GaAs микрорезонаторах при резонансном фотовозбуждении

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
А.А. Деменев ◽  
Н.А. Гиппиус ◽  
В.Д. Кулаковский
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Josephson Effects ◽  
High Q ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Polariton Branch

AbstractThe evolution of the spatial coherence and the polarization has been studied in a freely decaying polariton condensate that is resonantly excited by linearly polarized picosecond laser pulses at the lower and upper sublevels of the lower polariton branch in a high-Q GaAs-based microcavity with a reduced lateral symmetry without excitation of the exciton reservoir. It is found that the condensate inherits the coherence of the exciting laser pulse at both sublevels in a wide range of excitation densities and retains it for several dozen picoseconds. The linear polarization of the photoexcited condensate is retained only in the condensate at the lower sublevel. The linearly polarized condensate excited at the upper sublevel loses its stability at the excitation densities higher a threshold value: it enters a regime of internal Josephson oscillations with strongly oscillating circular and diagonal linear degrees of polarization. The polariton–polariton interaction leads to the nonlinear Josephson effects at high condensate densities. All the effects are well described in terms of the spinor Gross–Pitaevskii equations. The cause of the polarization instability of the condensate is shown to be the spin anisotropy of the polariton–polariton interaction.

scholarly journals A Critical Perspective on 3D Liver Models for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Serras ◽  
Joana S. Rodrigues ◽  
Madalena Cipriano ◽  
Armanda V. Rodrigues ◽  
Nuno G. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Post Marketing

The poor predictability of human liver toxicity is still causing high attrition rates of drug candidates in the pharmaceutical industry at the non-clinical, clinical, and post-marketing authorization stages. This is in part caused by animal models that fail to predict various human adverse drug reactions (ADRs), resulting in undetected hepatotoxicity at the non-clinical phase of drug development. In an effort to increase the prediction of human hepatotoxicity, different approaches to enhance the physiological relevance of hepatic in vitro systems are being pursued. Three-dimensional (3D) or microfluidic technologies allow to better recapitulate hepatocyte organization and cell-matrix contacts, to include additional cell types, to incorporate fluid flow and to create gradients of oxygen and nutrients, which have led to improved differentiated cell phenotype and functionality. This comprehensive review addresses the drug-induced hepatotoxicity mechanisms and the currently available 3D liver in vitro models, their characteristics, as well as their advantages and limitations for human hepatotoxicity assessment. In addition, since toxic responses are greatly dependent on the culture model, a comparative analysis of the toxicity studies performed using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D in vitro strategies with recognized hepatotoxic compounds, such as paracetamol, diclofenac, and troglitazone is performed, further highlighting the need for harmonization of the respective characterization methods. Finally, taking a step forward, we propose a roadmap for the assessment of drugs hepatotoxicity based on fully characterized fit-for-purpose in vitro models, taking advantage of the best of each model, which will ultimately contribute to more informed decision-making in the drug development and risk assessment fields.

scholarly journals An Interpenetrating Alginate/Gelatin Network for Three-Dimensional (3D) Cell Cultures and Organ Bioprinting

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Tian ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Hao Tong ◽  
Qiang Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
3D Cell Cultures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Crosslinking is an effective way to improve the physiochemical and biochemical properties of hydrogels. In this study, we describe an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of alginate/gelatin hydrogels (i.e., A-G-IPN) in which cells can be encapsulated for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cultures and organ bioprinting. A double crosslinking model, i.e., using Ca2+ to crosslink alginate molecules and transglutaminase (TG) to crosslink gelatin molecules, is exploited to improve the physiochemical, such as water holding capacity, hardness and structural integrity, and biochemical properties, such as cytocompatibility, of the alginate/gelatin hydrogels. For the sake of convenience, the individual ionic (i.e., only treatment with Ca2+) or enzymatic (i.e., only treatment with TG) crosslinked alginate/gelatin hydrogels are referred as alginate-semi-IPN (i.e., A-semi-IPN) or gelatin-semi-IPN (i.e., G-semi-IPN), respectively. Tunable physiochemical and biochemical properties of the hydrogels have been obtained by changing the crosslinking sequences and polymer concentrations. Cytocompatibilities of the obtained hydrogels are evaluated through in vitro 3D cell cultures and bioprinting. The double crosslinked A-G-IPN hydrogel is a promising candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications, including bioartificial organ manufacturing, high-throughput drug screening, and pathological mechanism analyses.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 5602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangirdas Malinauskas ◽  
Paulius Danilevičius ◽  
Saulius Juodkazis
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Picosecond Laser Pulses

scholarly journals Dolomite-Foamed Bioactive Silicate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Repair

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Fiume ◽  
Dilshat Tulyaganov ◽  
Graziano Ubertalli ◽  
Enrica Verné ◽  
Francesco Baino
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is recognized worldwide as a valuable biomedical approach for promoting tissue regeneration in critical-size bone defects. Over the last 50 years, bioactive glasses have been intensively investigated in a wide range of different clinical applications, from orthopedics to soft tissue healing. Bioactive glasses exhibit the unique capability to chemically bond to the host tissue and, furthermore, their processing versatility makes them very appealing due to the availability of different manufacturing techniques for the production of porous and interconnected synthetic bone grafts able to support new tissue growth over the whole duration of the treatment. As a novel contribution to the broad field of scaffold manufacturing, we report here an effective and relatively easy method to produce silicate glass-derived scaffolds by using, for the first time in the biomedical field, dolomite powder as a foaming agent for the formation of 3D bone-like porous structures. Morphological/structural features, crystallization behavior, and in vitro bioactivity in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated. All the tested scaffolds were found to fulfil the minimum requirements that a scaffold for osseous repair should exhibit, including porosity (65–83 vol.%) and compressive strength (1.3–3.9 MPa) comparable to those of cancellous bone, as well as hydroxyapatite-forming ability (bioactivity). This study proves the suitability of a dolomite-foaming method for the production of potentially suitable bone grafts based on bioactive glass systems.

scholarly journals Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gross ◽  
M. J. Withford
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Ultrafast Laser ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
Transparent Dielectrics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Quantum Photonics

AbstractSince the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

scholarly journals Laser-based three-dimensional multiscale micropatterning of biocompatible hydrogels for customized tissue engineering scaffolds

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (39) ◽  
pp. 12052-12057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Applegate ◽  
Jeannine Coburn ◽  
Benjamin P. Partlow ◽  
Jodie E. Moreau ◽  
Jessica P. Mondia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Ultrafast Laser ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Ultrafast Laser Pulses ◽  
Circuit Integration ◽  
2D And 3D

Light-induced material phase transitions enable the formation of shapes and patterns from the nano- to the macroscale. From lithographic techniques that enable high-density silicon circuit integration, to laser cutting and welding, light–matter interactions are pervasive in everyday materials fabrication and transformation. These noncontact patterning techniques are ideally suited to reshape soft materials of biological relevance. We present here the use of relatively low-energy (< 2 nJ) ultrafast laser pulses to generate 2D and 3D multiscale patterns in soft silk protein hydrogels without exogenous or chemical cross-linkers. We find that high-resolution features can be generated within bulk hydrogels through nearly 1 cm of material, which is 1.5 orders of magnitude deeper than other biocompatible materials. Examples illustrating the materials, results, and the performance of the machined geometries in vitro and in vivo are presented to demonstrate the versatility of the approach.

scholarly journals Diselenide crosslinks for enhanced and simplified oxidative protein folding

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Mousa ◽  
Taghreed Hidmi ◽  
Sergei Pomyalov ◽  
Shifra Lansky ◽  
Lareen Khouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Folding Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Inhibitor

AbstractThe in vitro oxidative folding of proteins has been studied for over sixty years, providing critical insight into protein folding mechanisms. Hirudin, the most potent natural inhibitor of thrombin, is a 65-residue protein with three disulfide bonds, and is viewed as a folding model for a wide range of disulfide-rich proteins. Hirudin’s folding pathway is notorious for its highly heterogeneous intermediates and scrambled isomers, limiting its folding rate and yield in vitro. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we undertake systematic investigation of diselenide bridges at native and non-native positions and investigate their effect on hirudin’s folding, structure and activity. Our studies demonstrate that, regardless of the specific positions of these substitutions, the diselenide crosslinks enhanced the folding rate and yield of the corresponding hirudin analogues, while reducing the complexity and heterogeneity of the process. Moreover, crystal structure analysis confirms that the diselenide substitutions maintained the overall three-dimensional structure of the protein and left its function virtually unchanged. The choice of hirudin as a study model has implications beyond its specific folding mechanism, demonstrating the high potential of diselenide substitutions in the design, preparation and characterization of disulfide-rich proteins.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Decellularized Plant-Based Scaffolds as a New Biomaterial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12347
Author(s):  
Ashlee F. Harris ◽  
Jerome Lacombe ◽  
Frederic Zenhausern
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Challenges

The decellularization of plant-based biomaterials to generate tissue-engineered substitutes or in vitro cellular models has significantly increased in recent years. These vegetal tissues can be sourced from plant leaves and stems or fruits and vegetables, making them a low-cost, accessible, and sustainable resource from which to generate three-dimensional scaffolds. Each construct is distinct, representing a wide range of architectural and mechanical properties as well as innate vasculature networks. Based on the rapid rise in interest, this review aims to detail the current state of the art and presents the future challenges and perspectives of these unique biomaterials. First, we consider the different existing decellularization techniques, including chemical, detergent-free, enzymatic, and supercritical fluid approaches that are used to generate such scaffolds and examine how these protocols can be selected based on plant cellularity. We next examine strategies for cell seeding onto the plant-derived constructs and the importance of the different functionalization methods used to assist in cell adhesion and promote cell viability. Finally, we discuss how their structural features, such as inherent vasculature, porosity, morphology, and mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness, elasticity, etc.) position plant-based scaffolds as a unique biomaterial and drive their use for specific downstream applications. The main challenges in the field are presented throughout the discussion, and future directions are proposed to help improve the development and use of vegetal constructs in biomedical research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document