scholarly journals Emerging risk of Dirofilaria spp. infection in Northeastern Europe: high prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in sled dog kennels from the Baltic countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Alsarraf ◽  
Viktoria Levytska ◽  
Ewa J. Mierzejewska ◽  
Vasyl Poliukhovych ◽  
Anna Rodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Sled Dog ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractDirofilariasis is a fast-spreading disease of dogs and humans in Europe. We investigated whether Dirofilaria spp. have spread northwards in Europe, invading the Baltic countries. Altogether, 424 blood samples were collected from eight countries in the period 2017–2019, including 227 samples from sled dogs and 197 samples from other dogs. PCR amplification and sequencing were conducted employing three genetic markers (mitochondrial [mt] 12S rDNA, mt cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] gene and mt dehydrogenase subunit I [NAD1] gene). The SNAP test (IDEXX) for detection of D. immitis infections was also implemented. The DNA of D. repens was detected in 59 of 424 dogs (prevalence 13.9%). D. repens was found in sled dogs from Lithuania, Latvia, Poland and Belarus. Only one dog from Estonia was infected, apparently an imported case. The highest prevalence was recorded in Lithuania (38%). Among pet dogs from the Ukraine, six dogs tested positive (3.8%). Our study has revealed a high prevalence of D. repens infections in Lithuania and Latvia, but no evidence for spread of the heartworm D. immitis. We conclude that sled dog kennels constitute hot spots for D. repens transmission.

scholarly journals PIH13 Consumption of Drugs for the Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Ukraine Compared to the Baltic Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S541
Author(s):  
L. Iakovlieva ◽  
O. Tkachova ◽  
N. Bezditko ◽  
O. Gerasymova ◽  
T. Bahlai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Benign Prostate

scholarly journals DNA Markers Reveal Genetic Associations among 11,000-Year-Old Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Found in the Baltic Sea with the Present-Day Gene Pools in Lithuania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Darius Danusevičius ◽  
Jurata Buchovska ◽  
Vladas Žulkus ◽  
Linas Daugnora ◽  
Algirdas Girininkas
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Assignment Probability ◽  
The Baltic

We aimed to extract DNA and amplify PCR fragments at the mitochondrial DNA Nad7.1 locus and 11 nuclear microsatellite loci in nine circa 11,000-year-old individuals of Scots pine found at the bottom of the Baltic sea and test the genetic associations with the present-day gene pool of Scots pine in Lithuania. We followed a strict anticontamination protocol in the lab and, simultaneously with the aDNA specimens, tested DNA-free controls. The DNA was extracted by an ATMAB protocol from the ancient wood specimens sampled underwater from Scots pine stumps located circa 20–30 m deep and circa 12 km ashore in western Lithuania. As the references, we used 30 present-day Lithuanian populations of Scots pine with 25–50 individuals each. The aDNA yield was 11–41 ng/μL. The PCR amplification for the mtDNA Nad7.1 locus and the nDNA loci yielded reliable aDNA fragments for three and seven out of nine ancient pines, respectively. The electrophoresis profiles of all the PCR tested DNA-free controls contained the sizing standard only, indicating low likelihood for contamination. At the mtDNA Nad7.1 locus, all three ancient Scots pine individuals had the type A (300 bp) allele, indicating postglacial migration from the refugia in Balkan peninsula. The GENECLASS Bayesian assignment tests revealed relatively stringer and consistent genetic associations between the ancient Scots pine trees and the present-day southern Lithuanian populations (assignment probability 0.37–0.55) and several wetlands in Lithuania. Our study shows that salty sea water efficiently preserves ancient DNA in wood at the quality levels suitable for genetic testing of trees dated back as far as 11,000 years before present.

scholarly journals The Influence of Manganese on Growth Processes of Hordeum L. (Poaceae) Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Kirill Tkachenko ◽  
Irina Kosareva ◽  
Marina Frontasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Baltic

Manganese, as one of the xenobionts, belongs to the group of heavy metals, which, in high concentrations, can negatively affect the development of plants. In small concentrations, it is necessary for plants for normal growth and development. It is present in soils and is available to plants to varying degrees. In acidic soils, it often acts as a toxic element, and plants do not develop well and can even die. Screening major crops for manganese tolerance is essential. Based on the analysis of the collection of barley (Hordeum L., Poaceae), the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) presented data that manganese-tolerant varieties and samples are concentrated in western and northern countries with a wide distribution of soils with low pH levels and high contents of mobile manganese. It follows from the diagnostic results that the maximum number of barley genotypes resistant to manganese is concentrated in Sweden, Finland, the northwestern and northern regions of the CIS countries, and the Russian Federation. In most cases, the samples tolerant to Al showed resistance to Mn as well, which is of great interest for further study of the mechanisms of plant resistance to these stressors. As a rule, samples from the northern territories—zones of distribution of acidic soils—were highly resistant. In this case, the role of the species belonging to the sample was leveled out. The highlighted areas (Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden), northern and northwestern regions of Russia, Belarus, and the Baltic countries) are sources of germplasm valuable for selection for acid resistance of barley.

Russian students in universities of Baltic countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A.L. Arefiev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Baltic

In recent years, higher educational institutions of the Baltic countries have become more and more popular among Russian youth wishing to get higher education (or take a certain course of professional training) abroad. The article, covering the period before the onset of the coronavirus epidemic, highlights the education of Russian students in universities in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. It is noted that a significant part of the students from the Russian Federation come from the Russian regions bordering on the Baltic states. The appendix presents the opinions of Russian students about the learning process and the quality of education received in Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian universities.

HAS PSYCHOLOGIC MALNUTRITION TAKEN THE PLACE OF RICKETS AND SCURVY IN CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRIC PRACTICE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-918
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Baltic

WHILE MEDICAL HISTORIANS cannot provide us with accurate statistics concerning the incidence of rickets and scurvy in centuries past, they leave little room for doubt about the high prevalence of these disorders prior to the advent of modern scientific medicine. Thus, Castiglione has written that in the sixteenth century scurvy raged throughout northern Europe, in Scandinavia, on the shores of the Baltic, and in the interior of Germany. It is interesting to note, however, that Jacques Cartier, whose sailors had been ravaged by scurvy, learned in 1536 from the Indians that the malady could be cured by juices of the almeda tree. This was 200 years before James Lind demonstrated the curative effects of lemon juice in his treatise on scurvy published in 1753 and almost 400 years before ascorbic acid, which was isolated by Szent-Gyorgi in 1928, was recognized to be vitamin C by Waugh and King in 1932. Rickets, likewise, was occurring in a large portion of children prior to the discovery of the existence of vitamin D by Hess, Steinbock, and Windaus in 1918, of its therapeutic value by Mellanby in 1919, of the equivalent role of sunlight by Hess in 1921, and of the chemical composition of the vitamins by Windaus in 1922. But 200 years earlier Friedrick Hoffman had the answer to the control of this disease almost in hand. He attached much importance to climatic conditions as a factor in rickets, noting that if anything is specially powerful in producing this affliction, it is a surrounding atmosphere of cold foggy air. He cited as striking evidence of this the famous emporium of England, London, which he found to be specially apt to produce and foster this disease.

The Baltic Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 586-600
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rimestad
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Baltic

The three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) have a varied religious history. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, they were the last region of Europe to be Christianized. Today, they—and especially Estonia—are among the most secularized societies in the world. This is not only due to the Soviet past but also to Baltic German dominance at key moments in their history. While Lutheranism has dominated in the north (in Estonia and Latvia), the Roman Catholic Church is still the main religious player in the south (in Lithuania and parts of Latvia). Primarily due to Russian migration, the Orthodox Church also plays a significant role in Baltic affairs. There is, finally, a small but vibrant cluster of new religious movements, notably neo-pagan groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Red Raspberry Cultivars Used for Breeding and Commercial Growing in the Baltic Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunārs Lācis ◽  
Irita Kota-Dombrovska ◽  
Sarmīte Strautiņa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Local Advanced

Abstract The structure of raspberry cultivars and genetic resources in the Baltic countries have been influenced by the historical political situation in the 20th century and climatic conditions, especially winterhardiness. The genetic resources consist of some old European and American cultivars, but mostly of cultivars and hybrids bred in Russia. Currently, targeted breeding programmes are active only in Estonia and Latvia, which aim to develop winterhardy, disease-resistant cultivars, well adapted to the local climate. Therefore, parent material for hybridisation has been chosen from local advanced hybrids and introduced cultivars suitable to the regional climatic conditions. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of genetic diversity of Rubus germplasm and assess inter-specific and intra-specific relationships using phenotypical characterisation and molecular markers. Forty one Rubus genotypes were evaluated by 41 phenotypical traits and 15 previously described SSR markers. Both characterisation approaches discovered high correspondence with pedigree and a low level of diversity. A limited amount of the diversity of raspberry genetic material has been used in various breeding programmes, despite their broad geographical origin. The obtained results indicate the need for including local wild R. idaeus plant material into breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Specific DNA identification of Pheretima in the Naoxintong capsule

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zhu ◽  
Hoi-Yan Wu ◽  
Pang-Chui Shaw ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Weiwei Su
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Dna Identification ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Nucleotide Database

Abstract Background Pheretima is a minister drug in Naoxintong capsule (NXTC), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Owing to the loss of morphological and microscopic characteristics and the lack of recognized chemical marker, it is difficult to identify Pheretima in NXTC. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using DNA techniques to authenticate Pheretima, especially when it is processed into NXTC. Methods DNA was extracted from crude drugs of the genuine and adulterant species, as well as nine batches of NXTCs. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, specific primers were designed for two genera of genuine species, Metaphire and Amynthas, respectively. PCR amplification was performed with the designed primers on crude drugs of Pheretima and NXTCs. The purified PCR products were sequenced and the obtained sequences were identified to species level with top hit of similarity with BLAST against GenBank nucleotide database. Results Primers MF2R2 and AF3R1 could amplify specific DNA fragments with sizes around 230–250 bp, both in crude drugs and NXTC. With sequencing and the BLAST search, identities of the tested samples were found. Conclusion This study indicated that the molecular approach is effective for identifying Pheretima in NXTC. Therefore, DNA identification may contribute to the quality control and assurance of NXTC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document