scholarly journals Potential value and chemical characterization of gut microbiota derived nitrogen containing metabolites in feces from Periplaneta americana (L.) at different growth stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Lv ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
Gen Xue ◽  
Ziyan Wang ◽  
Lu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Different Growth Stages

AbstractThe American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), is able to highly survive in various complicated environments around the globe, and often considered as a pest. In contrast, billions of P. americana have been massively reared in China and extensively used as a medicinal insect, due to its function for preventing and treating ulceration and heart failure. Considering the possibility that microbiota-derived metabolites could be an effective source to identify promising candidate drugs, we attempted to establish a rapid method for simultaneous determination of gut microbiota metabolites from medicinal insects. In this study, network pharmacology approach and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technique were employed to reveal the potential pharmacological activity and dynamics variation of nitrogen-containing metabolites (NCMs) originated from the gut microbiota of breeding P. americana at different growth stages. A metabolites-targets-diseases network showed that NCMs are likely to treat diseases such as ulceration and cancer. The analysis of NCMs' content with the growth pattern of P. americana indicated that the content of NCMs declined with P. americana aging. Both principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis suggested that 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid and 8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone are the potential differential metabolic markers for discriminating between nymphs and adults of P. americana. Moreover, the developed UPLC method showed an excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 2.6%), intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD < 2.2%), and recovery (95.5%–99.0%). Collectively, the study provides a valuable strategy for analyzing gut microbiota metabolites from insects and demonstrates the prospects for discovering novel drug candidates from the feces of P. americana.

scholarly journals PSII-24 Towards a better understanding of the gut microbiome functions in the swine production: extensive cultivation of the swine gut microbiome from different growth stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wei ◽  
Feilong Deng ◽  
Tsungcheng Tsai ◽  
Charles V Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Substantial progress has been made in the culture-omics of the human gut microbiota. However, little is known about the culture-omics of the swine gut microbiota, despite recent reports of their significant roles in swine health and production. To fill this knowledge gap in research, we tested 52 bacterial cultivation methods with different media and gas combinations. Fresh fecal samples (0.2g/sample) were collected from three pigs at the end of four growth stages: lactation, nursery, growing and finishing and were mixed with a stomacher in 20 mL saline. Aliquots of 50 uL microbial suspensions were then spread onto different media plates and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 37C for up to 5 days. An additional aliquot of each sample was subjected to direct DNA extraction as a positive control. Bacterial colonies from each plate were collected and DNA was extracted from these samples using the Powersoil DNA isolation kit and sequenced with an Illumina Miseq sequencer targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequences were analyzed with the Deblur algorithm in the QIIME2 package. A total of 378, 482, 565, and 555 bacterial features were observed from microbial solutions at the end of lactation, nursery, growing and finishing. Our culturing methods recovered 415, 675, 808, and 823 features correspondingly, representing 45.2%, 54.8%, 53.3%, and 56.4% of total features observed in microbial solutions. The top ten most easily cultured genus were Escherichia, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Acidaminococcus, Bacillus, Mitsuokella, Enterococcus and Prevotella. Non-parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance shows that the main factors driving the swine culture-omics included medium, age and oxygen condition. This study identifies the cultivable bacteria from fecal samples collected at different growth stages of pigs and provides a guidance to cultivate potential beneficial or pathogenic bacteria of interests and validate their functions in swine production.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiota During the Different Growth Stages of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Xie ◽  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Lili Xu ◽  
Zhixin Wu ◽  
Junfa Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

This study aimed to determine the effect of the growth stage of Procambarus clarkii on their intestinal microbiota. Intestinal samples of five different growth stages of P. clarkii (first instar, second instar, third instar, juvenile, and adult) from laboratory culture were analyzed through the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform to determine the intestinal microbiome of crayfish. The alpha diversity decreased along with the growth of the crayfish, with the relative abundance of the microbiota changing among stages; crayfish at closer development stages had a more comparable intestinal microbiota composition. A comparative analysis by principal component analysis and principal coordinate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of crayfish among the different growth stages, except for the first two stages of larval crayfish, and the intestinal microbiota showed a consistent progression pattern from the larval stage to the juvenile stage. Some microbiota showed stage specificity, which might be the characteristic microbiota of different stages of growth. According to FAPROTAX functional clustering analysis, the three stages of larvae were clustered together, while the juvenile and adult stages were clustered separately according to the growth stage, indicating that, in the early stages of larval development, the function of the intestinal flora was similar; as the body grew and developed, the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota also changed.

scholarly journals Influence of sulphur aerosols on physiological, yield and yield attributing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373
Author(s):  
Babithraj Gaddameedi ◽  
Bhagawan Bharali ◽  
Soibam Helena Devi
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Spike Initiation ◽  
Total Diversity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Among several constrains curtailing the yield potential of a crop, lack of proper mineral nutrition in particular sulphur management, a nutrient that is needed in trace amount but essential for plant growth is more alarming. Sulphur is the main source of protein particularly for cereal crop. An experiment was conducted to find out influence of sulphur aerosols on morpho-physiological, yield, and yield traits of wheat. S-aerosols viz., (NH4)2SO4, CaSO4, and K2SO4: @ 300 ppm each (?30 kg N ha-1) along with a control were misted on the plants, on sunny days in the afternoon (after 2–3 P.M.) at three different growth stages i.e. seedling, maximum tillering and spike initiation stages. Therefore, a total concentration of each S-aerosols was 900 ppm ? 0.9%.Genotypes (viz., GW-322, GW-366, GW-273, GW-173, JW-336) were raised both under Pot culture (Expt.1) and field  (Expt.2) observations recorded are : LA, LAI, SLW, Tiller numbers, No. of seed per spike, length of spike, spike weight, TW, BY, EY, HI. The investigation was carried out aiming to test the hypothesis that foliar fed Sulphur aerosols influence economic yield of wheat crop positively. The genotype GW-366 was the most responsive in physiological traits and GW-273 for yield traits under the influence of foliar fertilization with S-aerosols. Among the S-aerosols, (NH4)2SO4 was the most effective in the work. The results in this experiment are contribution of Sulphur aerosols using PCA towards total diversity.

Microbial Diversity in Tobacco Rhizosphere Soil at Different Growth Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-614
Author(s):  
Yanan Ruan ◽  
Shengguang Xu ◽  
Zuoxin Tang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu ◽  
Qirui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Rhizosphere microorganisms are the main participants of material transformation and energy cycle in soil. To further explore its composition and variation, the tobacco rhizosphere soil were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq, the microbial community at different growth stages were analyzed and compared. The analysis of Alpha diversity showed that, the Chao1 index, Shannon index of bacteria and Chao1 index of fungi in rhizosphere soil were the highest in tobacco budding stage, while the peak of Shannon index of fungi appeared in tobacco material stage. Principal component analysis (PCA) further showed that at different growth stages, Proteobacteria was the dominant, followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes for bacterials; Ascomycota was the dominant, followed by Zygomycota and Basidiomycota for fungi. Under field conditions, the microbial abundance changed with the growth of tobacco, and the microbial diversity reached the peak at budding stage. The bacterial community and abundance between budding and mature stages was highly similar, while the bacterial community in vigorous growth stage is quite different. The similarity of fungal community in budding stage was very low, compared with the other stages; while in other stages was high. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the relationship between tobacco rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and variation, tobacco growth and soil diseases.

scholarly journals Fecal microbial composition and functional diversity of Wuzhishan pigs at different growth stages

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingying Shao ◽  
Zhixin Wang ◽  
Yingzhi He ◽  
Zhen Tan ◽  
Jibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Growth Stages

AbstractThe mammalian gut microbiome participates in almost all life processes in the host. In addition to diet, the breed is the main factor affecting changes in the swine gut microbiota. The composition of the gut microbiota changes significantly during different growth stages. Research on developmental changes in the gut microbiota of indigenous Chinese pig breeds is limited. In this study, the fecal microbiota of Wuzhishan pigs (a Chinese indigenous miniature pig) at different growth stages was investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant phyla, accounting for more than 80% of all sequences. With increasing age, the fecal microbial diversity increased, and the proportion of Firmicutes increased, whereas the proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased. A total of 49 biomarkers with statistical differences were detected in the four growth stages. The different microbiota among groups enhanced the ability to degrade fiber, carbohydrates, and other substances during the growth stages. The endocrine system was different in multiple growth stage paired comparisons, which was attributed to the different body statuses in the growth stages. This study revealed developmental changes in the structure and function of gut microbes in local pigs.

scholarly journals The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (22) ◽  
pp. 6603-6610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara A. Tinker ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ottesen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Community Change ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stable Core ◽  
Dietary Shifts

ABSTRACTThe omnivorous cockroachPeriplaneta americanahosts a diverse hindgut microbiota encompassing hundreds of microbial species. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effect of diet on the composition of theP. americanahindgut microbial community. Results show that the hindgut microbiota ofP. americanaexhibit a highly stable core microbial community with low variance in compositions between individuals and minimal community change in response to dietary shifts. This core hindgut microbiome is shared between laboratory-hosted and wild-caught individuals, although wild-caught specimens exhibited a higher diversity of low-abundance microbes that were lost following extended cultivation under laboratory conditions. This taxonomic stability strongly contrasts with observations of the gut microbiota of mammals, which have been shown to be highly responsive to dietary change. A comparison ofP. americanahindgut samples with human fecal samples indicated that the cockroach hindgut community exhibited higher alpha diversity but a substantially lower beta diversity than the human gut microbiome. This suggests that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for establishing and maintaining a diverse and stable core microbiome.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiome plays an important role in the overall health of its host. A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroachPeriplaneta americana.We found thatP. americanahosts a diverse core gut microbiome that remains stable after drastic long-term changes in diet. While other insects, notably ant and bee species, have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a stable association with specific gut microbiota, these insects typically host low-diversity gut microbiomes and consume specialized diets. In contrast,P. americanahosts a gut microbiota that is highly species rich and consumes a diverse solid diet, suggesting that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for developing and maintaining a stable gut microbiota.

Cytokinins from terminal buds of Euphoria longana during different growth stages

1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Wen-Shaw Chen ◽  
Kuang-Liang Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Ching Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Different Growth Stages
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