scholarly journals A repeated cross-sectional analysis assessing mental health conditions of adults as per student status during key periods of the COVID-19 epidemic in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Macalli ◽  
Nathalie Texier ◽  
Stéphane Schück ◽  
Sylvana M. Côté ◽  
Christophe Tzourio
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health It ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractPrevious studies have shown the negative impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on students’ mental health. It is, however, uncertain whether students are really at higher risk of mental health disturbances than non-students and if they are differentially impacted by lockdown periods over time. The objective of our study was to compare the frequency of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts in students and non-students enrolled in the same study in France and during the same key periods of the COVID-19 epidemic. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we collected data from a sample of 3783 participants in the CONFINS study during three recruitment waves between March 2020 and January 2021. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounding factors, showed that students were more likely to have high scores of depressive symptoms and anxiety more frequently than non-students. These differences were particularly strong during the first (depressive symptoms: adjusted odds ratio aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.22–2.08; anxiety: aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22–2.18) and second lockdowns (depressive symptoms: aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04–3.12; anxiety: aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.24–4.10). These findings suggest that the restrictive measures—lockdown and curfew—have an alarmingly stronger negative impact on students than on non-students and underline the frailty of students’ mental health and the need to pay greater attention to this population in this epidemic-related context.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms in Swiss University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Volken ◽  
Annina Zysset ◽  
Simone Amendola ◽  
Anthony Klein Swormink ◽  
Marion Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
National Population ◽  
Student Cohorts ◽  
Containment Measures

Background: COVID-19 containment measures and the uncertainties associated with the pandemic may have contributed to changes in mental health risks and mental health problems in university students. Due to the high burden of the disease, depression is of particular concern. However, knowledge about the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Swiss university students during the pandemic is limited. We therefore assessed the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their change during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of Swiss university students. Methods: We assessed depressive symptoms in two cross-sectional cohorts of university students (n = 3571) in spring and autumn 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared them with a matched sample of the Swiss national population (n = 2328). Binary logistic regression models estimated prevalence with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Adjusted prevalence of depressive symptoms in female (30.8% (95% CI: 28.6–33.0)) and male students (24.8% (95% CI: 21.7–28.1)) was substantially higher than in the matching female (10.9% (95% CI: 8.9–13.2)) and male (8.5% (6.6–11.0)) pre-pandemic national population. Depressive symptoms in the two consecutive student cohorts did not significantly differ. Conclusions: More than a quarter of Swiss university students reported depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was substantially higher as compared to the matched general population. Universities should introduce measures to support students in such times of crisis and gain an understanding of the factors impacting mental health positively or negatively and related to university structures and procedures.

Chronic disruptive pain in emerging adults with and without chronic health conditions and the moderating role of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Qadeer ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
Mark A. Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Drug Disorders

AbstractBackground and aimsThere has been a growth in the proportion of emerging adults vulnerable to pain-related sequelae of chronic health conditions (CHCs). Given the paucity of research during this important developmental period, this study investigated the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain among emerging adults and the extent to which psychiatric disorders moderate this association.MethodsData come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH). This cross-sectional survey included 5987 participants that were 15-30 years of age and self-reported their CHCs (n = 2460,41%) and the extent to which pain impacted daily functioning using items from the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Group comparisons between respondents with CHCs and healthy controls were made using chi-square tests. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from ordinal logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Product-term interactions between CHCs and psychiatric disorders were included in the models to explore moderating effects. All analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness of the study sample to the Canadian population.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 23.5 (SE 0.1) years and 48% were female. Compared to healthy controls, a greater proportion of participants with CHCs reported having chronic pain (20.3% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Among those with chronic pain, respondents with CHCs reported a greater number of activities prevented because of chronic disruptive pain (χ2 = 222.28, p< 0.001). Similarly, in logistic regression models, participants with CHCs had greater odds of reporting chronic disruptive pain (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 4.08-5.99). Alcohol (β = –0.66; p = 0.025) and drug abuse/dependence disorders (β = –1.24; p = 0.012) were found to moderate the association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. Specifically, the probability of chronic disruptive pain was higher for emerging adults without CHCs and with alcohol or drug disorders; however, among participants with CHCs, probability was higher for those without these disorders.ConclusionsThere is a robust association between CHCs and chronic disruptive pain. The moderating effects suggest that alcohol or drug disorders are especially harmful for emerging adults without CHCs and contribute to higher levels of chronic disruptive pain; however, among those with CHCs, alcohol and illicit drugs may be used as a numbing agent to blunt chronic disruptive pain.ImplicationsFindings from this study have implications for the integration and coordination of services to design strategies aimed at managing chronic disruptive pain and preventing pain-related disabilities later in life. Within the health system, healthcare providers should engage in dialogues about mental health and substance use regularly with emerging adults, be proactive in screening for psychiatric disorders, and continue to monitor the impact of pain on daily functioning. Given the age range of emerging adults, there is tremendous opportunity for clinicians to work cooperatively with colleagues in the education system to support emerging adults with and without CHCs. Overall, clinicians, researchers, educators, and those in social services should continue to be mindful of the complex interrelationships between physical and mental health and chronic disruptive pain and work cooperatively to optimize health outcomes and prevent pain-related disabilities among emerging adults.

E-cigarette use among US adolescents: Perceptions of relative addiction and harm

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Page Daniel Dobbs ◽  
Bart Hammig ◽  
Leah Jean Henry
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Objective: Between 2013 and 2014, past 30-day use of e-cigarettes increased from 4.5% to 13.4% among US high school students aged 9–19 years. We sought to examine the influence of perceived addiction and harm of e-cigarettes on e-cigarette use among adolescents. Design: Self-reported use and perception of harm of e-cigarettes were assessed using a cross-sectional design. Setting: Data were collected from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Method: Multivariate logistic regression models were employed regressing lifetime e-cigarette use and past 30-day use on established covariate factors. Results: Perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes increased students’ odds of lifetime use (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.40, 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.98–2.90) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.63–2.92) of e-cigarettes. Perceiving e-cigarettes as less addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.82–2.45) and past 30-day use ( OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.57–2.38) of e-cigarettes; however, perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.37–2.49) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.84–3.90) of e-cigarettes. Other influencing factors of e-cigarette use among youth included race, grade level, living with a smoker and lifetime use of regular cigarettes. Conclusion: The perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive and harmful than their conventional counterparts may be an important risk factor for the use of e-cigarettes. Factors influencing young people’s perceptions need to be examined further.

scholarly journals Association of Hearing Impairment and Anxiety in Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Contrera ◽  
Josh Betz ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
Janet S. Choi ◽  
Hilsa N. Ayonayon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective: The objective of the study is was investigate the association between hearing impairment and anxiety. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,732 community-based adults aged 76 to 85 years who participated in the Health Aging and Body Composition (ABC) study. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Hearing impairment was defined by the speech-frequency pure tone average. Anxiety was defined as reporting two symptoms of at least “a little” or one symptom “quite a bit” on the three-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Results: Compared with individuals with no hearing impairment, the odds of prevalent anxiety were higher among individuals with mild hearing impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.01, 1.73]) and moderate or greater hearing impairment (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = [1.14, 2.22]). Hearing aid use was not significantly associated with lower odds of anxiety. Discussion: Hearing impairment is independently associated with greater odds of anxiety symptoms in older adults.

Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Chinese Preconceptional Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lin Ji ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lap Ah Tse ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Organophosphates (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in China. The Chinese population, including preconceptional women, is highly exposed, yet little is known regarding the associations between OP exposure and menstruation in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in women preparing for pregnancy to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of OP exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics. From 2013 to 2015, 627 women visiting free preconception-care clinics at 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, were included. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was obtained through questionnaires. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urine concentrations of 6 dialkylphosphate metabolites (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate). The relationship between concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites and menstrual cycle characteristics was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models. Log-transformed levels of diethyl phosphate metabolites (the sum of diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels) were related to a higher risk of irregularity of menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.34). Subjects with a higher concentration of diethyl phosphate metabolites (log-transformed) had a shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted β = −0.33, 95% confidence interval: −0.64, −0.02). The findings suggest that OP exposure may be associated with alterations in menstrual function in preconceptional women.

scholarly journals Appreciation and job control predict depressive symptoms: results from the Study on Mental Health at Work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pohrt ◽  
Daniel Fodor ◽  
Hermann Burr ◽  
Friederike Kendel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Critical Life Events ◽  
Influence At Work ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective Depressive symptoms are a leading cause of disability retirement and sick leave. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of depressive symptoms in German employees and its associations with factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain and gender. Methods In the second wave of the German Study of Mental Health at Work (SMGA), a representative sample of 2640 German employees (52% women) was studied. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 questionnaire. Psychosocial occupational and non-occupational conditions were assessed with quantitative interviews. In this cross-sectional sample, the association of these factors with depressive symptoms was examined using logistic regression models. Results Factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain were associated with risk of depressive symptoms. Low appreciation from superior (ORmen 2.1 (95% CI 1.2–3.7); ORwomen 3.2 (95% CI 2.1–4.8)), low job control (ORmen 2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.4); ORwomen 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.5)), and critical life events (ORmen 3.0 (95% CI 1.6–5.4); ORwomen 2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.7)) had the strongest association with risk of depressive symptoms. The association with quantitative demands was stronger in caregivers than in non-caregivers. The results indicated possible differences in the associations of working conditions between men and women, and between family caregivers and non-caregivers. Conclusion Factors from both work and private life are associated with depressive symptoms, especially appreciation, job control, and critical life events. Gender differences, with respect to appreciation and influence at work, suggest a more gender sensitive approach to psychosocial occupational health research and interventions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and eating disorder and mental health concerns in patients with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Vitagliano ◽  
Grace Jhe ◽  
Carly E. Milliren ◽  
Jessica A. Lin ◽  
Rebecca Spigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically transformed daily life for adolescents and young adults, altering social and physical environments. Previous research has shown such shifts in daily life to be especially challenging for people living with eating disorders (ED). However, the extent of this environmental change on ED symptoms and mental health (MH) has been relatively unexplored in patients with EDs. This study examines how young people with EDs feel the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their living environments as well as their ED and MH symptoms and motivation for ED recovery. Methods Participants were enrollees in the Registry of Eating Disorders and their Co-morbidities OVER time in Youth (RECOVERY) who responded to an additional survey (n = 89) in July 2020 to assess their perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported on concerns of their ED worsening due to increased time living in a “triggering environment” due to the pandemic as well as perceived COVID-related changes in intrusive ED thoughts, depression, anxiety, isolation, and motivation to recover. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age and ED diagnosis, examined the association of triggering environment with ED and MH symptoms. Results The majority of respondents reported concern for worsening of their ED due to a “triggering environment” (63%). Most reported an increase in ED thoughts (74%), feelings of anxiety (77%), depression (73%), and isolation (80%) they perceived to be related to the pandemic. Nearly one-third reported decrease in motivation to recover (29%) they perceived to be related to the pandemic. After adjusting for age and ED diagnosis, participants who reported concern for worsening of their ED due to a triggering environment had nearly 18 times the odds of decreased motivation to recover (OR 18.1; 95% CI 3.37–97.4, p = 0.003) and nearly 24 times the odds of increased ED thoughts (OR 23.8; 95% CI 4.31–131.6, p < 0.001) compared to those who did not report concern for worsening of their ED due to a triggering environment. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the perceived negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the self-reported ED and MH symptoms in patients with EDs, particularly in those who report concern for a negative environmental change. These results underscore the need for heightened monitoring of patients with EDs during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Bereavement from COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowei Wang ◽  
Ashton M. Verdery ◽  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Emily Smith-Greenaway
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Personal Loss ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has left older adults around the world grieving the sudden death of relatives and friends. We examine if COVID-19 bereavement corresponds with older adults’ depressive symptoms in 27 countries, and test for variation by gender and country context.Methods: We analyze SHARE COVID-19 data collected between June-August 2020 from N=51,383 older adults (age 50–104) living in 27 countries, of whom 1,363 reported the death of a relative or friend from COVID-19. We estimate pooled-multilevel logistic regression models to examine if COVID-19 bereavement was associated with depressive symptoms and worsening depressive symptoms, and we test whether the COVID-19 mortality rate in their country has an additive or multiplicative influence. Results: COVID-19 bereavement is associated with significantly higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms, and reporting that these symptoms have recently worsened. Net of personal loss, living in a country with the highest COVID-19 mortality rate is associated with women’s depressive symptoms but not men’s. However, the COVID-19 mortality rate does not moderate the implications of personal loss for depressive symptoms.Discussion: COVID-19 deaths have lingering mental health implications for surviving older adults. Even as the collective toll of the crisis is apparent, bereaved older adults are in particular need of mental health support.

scholarly journals COVID-19’s Impact on Eating Disorder and Mental Health Concerns in Patients with Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Vitagliano ◽  
Grace Jhe ◽  
Carly Milliren ◽  
Jessica A. Lin ◽  
Rebecca Spigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically transformed daily life for adolescents and young adults, altering social and physical environments. Previous research has shown such shifts in daily life to be especially challenging for people living with eating disorders (ED). However, the extent of this environmental change on ED symptoms and mental health (MH) has been relatively unexplored in patients with EDs. This study examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED and MH symptoms and motivation for ED recovery in adolescents/young adults. Methods Participants were enrollees in the Registry of Eating Disorders and their Co-morbidities OVER time in Youth (RECOVERY) who responded to an additional survey (n = 89) in July 2020 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants reported concerns of their ED worsening due to living in a “triggering environment” due to the pandemic as well as COVID-related changes in intrusive ED thoughts, depression, anxiety, isolation, and motivation to recover. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age and ED diagnosis, examined the association of triggering environment with MH and ED symptoms. Results The majority of respondents reported concern for “triggering environment” (63%), as well as increased ED thoughts (74%) and feelings of anxiety (77%), depression (73%), and isolation (80%) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly one-third reported decrease in motivation to recover (29%). After adjusting for age and ED diagnosis, participants who reported triggering environment had nearly 18 times the odds of decreased motivation to recover (OR 18.1; 95% CI 3.37–97.4, p = 0.003) and nearly 24 times the odds of increased ED thoughts (OR 23.8; 95% CI 4.31–131.6, p < 0.001) compared to those who did not report a triggering environment. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the self-reported MH and ED symptoms in patients with EDs, particularly in those who report concern for a negative environmental change. These results underscore the need for heightened monitoring of patients with EDs during the pandemic.

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