scholarly journals Development of a rat capnoperitoneum phantom to study drug aerosol deposition in the context of anticancer research on peritoneal carcinomatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Göhler ◽  
Antje Geldner ◽  
Ralf Gritzki ◽  
Franz Lohse ◽  
Stephan Große ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Charge Condition ◽  
Outlet Port

AbstractPressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a promising approach with a high optimization potential for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. To study the efficacy of PIPAC and drugs, first rodent cancer models were developed. But inefficient drug aerosol supply and knowledge gaps concerning spatial drug distribution can limit the results based on such models. To study drug aerosol supply/deposition, computed tomography scans of a rat capnoperitoneum were used to deduce a virtual and a physical phantom of the rat capnoperitoneum (RCP). RCP qualification was performed for a specific PIPAC method, where the capnoperitoneum is continuously purged by the drug aerosol. In this context, also in-silico analyses by computational fluid dynamic modelling were conducted on the virtual RCP. The physical RCP was used for ex-vivo granulometric analyses concerning drug deposition. Results of RCP qualification show that aerosol deposition in a continuous purged rat capnoperitoneum depends strongly on the position of the inlet and outlet port. Moreover, it could be shown that the droplet size and charge condition of the drug aerosol define the deposition efficiency. In summary, the developed virtual and physical RCP enables detailed in-silico and ex-vivo analyses on drug supply/deposition in rodents.

In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Studies of Dihydroartemisinin Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Kalani ◽  
Sarfaraz Alam ◽  
Vinita Chaturvedi ◽  
Shyam Singh ◽  
Feroz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
In Silico Studies

Introduction: As a part of our drug discovery program for anti-tubercular agents, dihydroartemisinin (DHA-1) was screened against Mtb H37Rv, which showed moderate anti-tubercular activity (>25.0 µg/mL). These results prompted us to carry out the chemical transformation of DHA-1 into various derivatives and study their antitubercular potential. Materials and Methods: DHA-1 was semi-synthetically converted into four new acyl derivatives (DHA-1A – DHA-1D) and in-vitro evaluated for their anti-tubercular potential against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv virulent strain. The derivatives, DHA-1C (12-O-(4-nitro) benzoyl; MIC 12.5 µg/mL) and DHA-1D (12-O-chloro acetyl; MIC 3.12µg/mL) showed significant activity against the pathogen. Results: In silico studies of the most active derivative (DHA-1D) showed interaction with ARG448 inhibiting the mycobacterium enzymes. Additionally, it showed no cytotoxicity towards the Vero C1008 cells and Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages. Conclusion: DHA-1D killed 62% intracellular M. tuberculosis in Mouse bone marrow macrophage infection model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on the antitubercular potential of dihydroartemisinin and its derivatives. Since dihydroartemisinin is widely used as an antimalarial drug; these results may be of great help in anti-tubercular drug development from a very common, inexpensive, and non-toxic natural product.

Aryl Maleimides as Apoptosis Inducers on L5178-Y Murine Leukemia Cells (in silico, in vitro and ex vivo Study)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Andrade-Jorge ◽  
Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria ◽  
Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres ◽  
Luis Humberto Fabila-Castillo ◽  
José G. Trujillo-Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Murine Leukemia

scholarly journals In Silico Predicted Antifungal Peptides: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Candida Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Walter Magliani ◽  
Tiziano De Simone ◽  
Thelma A. Pertinhez ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Synthetic Antibody

It has been previously demonstrated that synthetic antibody-derived peptides could exert a significant activity in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo against microorganisms and viruses, as well as immunomodulatory effects through the activation of immune cells. Based on the sequence of previously described antibody-derived peptides with recognized antifungal activity, an in silico analysis was conducted to identify novel antifungal candidates. The present study analyzed the candidacidal and structural properties of in silico designed peptides (ISDPs) derived by amino acid substitutions of the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS. ISDPs proved to be more active in vitro than the parent peptide and all proved to be therapeutic in Galleria mellonella candidal infection, without showing toxic effects on mammalian cells. ISDPs were studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy, demonstrating different structural organization. These results allowed to validate a consensus sequence for the parent peptide KKVTMTCSAS that may be useful in the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.

Synthesis and characterization of Chitosan-Catechol conjugates: Development and in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive pellets of lafutidine

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152199784
Author(s):  
Loveleen Kaur ◽  
Ajay Kumar Thakur ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Inderbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Release Studies

Present study was aimed to synthesize and characterize Chitosan-Catechol conjugates and to design and develop mucoadhesive pellets loaded with lafutidine. SEM images indicated the presence of fibrous structures responsible for enhanced mucoadhesive potential of Chitosan-Catechol conjugates. Thermodynamic stability and amorphous nature of conjugates was confirmed by DSC and XRD studies respectively. Rheological studies were used to evaluate polymer mucin interactions wherein strong interactions between Chitosan-Catechol conjugate and mucin was observed in comparison to pristine chitosan and mucin. The mucoadhesion potential of Chitosan-Catechol (Cht-C) versus Chitosan (Cht) was assessed in silico using molecular mechanics simulations and the results obtained were compared with the in vitro and ex vivo results. Cht-C/mucin demonstrated much higher energy stabilization (∆E ≈ −65 kcal/mol) as compared to Cht/mucin molecular complex. Lafutidine-loaded pellets were prepared from Chitosan (LPC) and Chitosan-Catechol conjugates (LPCC) and were evaluated for various physical properties viz. flow, circularity, roundness, friability, drug content, particle size and percent mucoadhesion. In vitro drug release studies on LPC and LPCC pellets were performed for computing t50%, t90% and mean dissolution time. The values of release exponent from Korsmeyer-Peppas model was reported to be 0.443 and 0.759 for LPC and LPCC pellets suggesting Fickian and non-Fickian mechanism representing drug release, respectively. In vivo results depicted significant controlled release and enhanced residence of the drug after being released from the chitosan-catechol coated pellets. Chitosan-Catechol conjugates were found to be a promising biooadhesive polymer for the development of various mucoadhesive formulations.

scholarly journals Simulation of Hydraulic Cylinder Cushioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Antonio Algar ◽  
Javier Freire ◽  
Robert Castilla ◽  
Esteban Codina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Outlet Port ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Radial Movement ◽  
Mechanical Shocks ◽  
Radial Gap

The internal cushioning systems of hydraulic linear actuators avoid mechanical shocks at the end of their stroke. The design where the piston with perimeter grooves regulates the flow by standing in front of the outlet port has been investigated. First, a bond graph dynamic model has been developed, including the flow throughout the internal cushion design, characterized in detail by computational fluid-dynamic simulation. Following this, the radial movement of the piston and the fluid-dynamic coefficients, experimentally validated, are integrated into the dynamic model. The registered radial movement is in coherence with the significant drag force estimated in the CFD simulation, generated by the flow through the grooves, where the laminar flow regime predominates. Ultimately, the model aims to predict the behavior of the cushioning during the movement of the arm of an excavator. The analytical model developed predicts the performance of the cushioning system, in coherence with empirical results. There is an optimal behavior, highly influenced by the mechanical stress conditions of the system, subject to a compromise between an increasing section of the grooves and an optimization of the radial gap.

Fluid dynamic modelling of electric arcs for industrial applications

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Delalondre ◽  
Alain Bouvier ◽  
Ange Caruso ◽  
Namane Méchitoua ◽  
O. Simonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Electric Arcs

Blade Fault Recognition Based on Signal Processing and Adaptive Fluid Dynamic Modelling

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stamatis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Fault Recognition

An approach for identification of faults in blades of a gas turbine, based on physical modelling is presented. A measured quantity is used as an input and the deformed blading configuration is produced as an output. This is achieved without using any kind of “signature”, as is customary in diagnostic procedures for this kind of faults. A fluid dynamic model is used in a manner similar to what is known as “inverse design methods”: the solid boundaries which produce a certain flow field are calculated by prescribing this flow field. In the present case a signal, corresponding to the pressure variation on the blade-to-blade plane, is measured. The blade cascade geometry that has produced this signal is then produced by the method. In the paper the method is described and applications to test cases are presented. The test cases include theoretically produced faults as well as experimental cases, where actual measurement data are shown to produce the geometrical deformations which existed in the test engine.

Research on Deposition of Micro-Nano Aerosols in Rising Bubble Under Pool Scrubbing Condition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Zhou ◽  
Haifeng Gu ◽  
Qiunan Sun ◽  
Zhongning Sun ◽  
Jiqiang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Rising Bubble

Aerosols as the main component of radioactive products in migration performance, which is an important factor that a unclear reactor accident present strong diffusion and affects the distributions of source and dose level in reactor containment, and they are therefore expected to be deposited in liquid phase such as in suspension pool and filtered containment venting device. In this paper, the deposition characteristics of micro-nano aerosols in rising bubble under pool scrubbing condition is studied with experiment, the aerosols size in the research range from 20 nm to 600 nm, and the bubble morphology mainly concern homogeneous bubbly flow. The results show that the deposition efficiency and mechanism of aerosol closely relate to gas flow rate, liquid level, particle size and bubbles size and so on. The aerosol deposition near 85nm is proved most difficult because of the convert of deposition mechanisms. In a high liquid level condition, micro-nano aerosol filtration efficiency is enhanced but gradually gradual. Under different gas flow rate, air bubble residence time and the bubble size distributions affect the filtration efficiency of aerosols.

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