scholarly journals Factors associated with psychiatric disorders and treatment seeking behaviour among older adults in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
KM Sulaiman ◽  
Drishti Drishti ◽  
T. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Effective Sample Size

AbstractSince untreated or undertreated late-life mental disorders is associated with grave consequences including poor quality of life and increased mortality rates, this study investigates the associated factors of psychiatric disorders and its treatment seeking among older adults in India. Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–2018. The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to present the preliminary results. Chi-square test was used to find the significance level for bivariate association. Additionally, the Heckprobit selection model was employed to fulfil the objectives. It was revealed that about 2.8% of older adults had psychiatric disorder and of those who were suffering from psychiatric disorder, 41.3% (out of 2.8%) sought medical treatment. It was found that older adults who ever worked but currently not working, who had low level of life satisfaction, had poor self-rated health, had difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL and had symptoms of psychological distress had higher probability of suffering from psychiatric disorder in reference to their counterparts. Older adults from oldest-old age group, who were females, from poorest wealth quintile, from Scheduled Tribe and from eastern region had lower probability of seeking treatment for psychiatric disorder in reference to their counterparts. The findings of the present study urge that greater attention be devoted at detecting and preventing late-life psychiatric disorder particularly among those who are at greater risk vis., male gender, working status as “ever worked but currently not working”, having low life satisfaction, poor SRH, ADL and IADL difficulties, higher psychological distress, belonging to higher wealth quintile and rural place of residence.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Mia Delgadillo ◽  
Megan Frank ◽  
Aidan Boese ◽  
Tilman Schulte ◽  
J Kaci Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Complaints

Abstract Psychiatric disorders pose a unique risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prior research indicates psychiatric disorders in MCI increase AD vulnerability. Less research has been done to understand how psychiatric disorders may affect the development of MCI. Understanding these potentially modifiable risk factors is important as they may represent a potential target of intervention for secondary prevention of AD. The present study examines the relationship between psychiatric disorders and amnestic MCI (aMCI) in a sample of Veterans with subjective memory complaints. The sample included 150 older adults with subjective memory complaints (90% male, age = 70.6±8.2). aMCI diagnosis was based upon performance on the delayed recall trials of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory II of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th edition. Psychiatric disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that diagnosis of anxiety disorders, but not mood or substance use disorders, was significantly associated with aMCI status. Specifically, older adults with an anxiety disorder were less likely to have aMCI than those older adults without an anxiety disorder. Additional analyses revealed that within those with aMCI (n=107), persons with a psychiatric disorder were significantly younger than those without a psychiatric disorder by an average of 6 years. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship of anxiety and cognitive impairment as well as suggest that those with psychiatric disorders may be at risk for developing aMCI at younger ages.

scholarly journals Different Routes, Same Effects

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Mathias Allemand ◽  
Christoph Flückiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Interpersonal Transgressions ◽  
Learning Factors ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract. In the field of forgiveness interventions, little research has been done on the comparative effects of learning-oriented versus action-oriented routes in managing unresolved interpersonal transgressions. In this study, 73 older adults ( M = 68.8 years) were randomized to either a learning-oriented group intervention condition that emphasized learning factors by helping older adults to understand the transgression in a more adaptive way; or to an action-oriented group intervention condition that emphasized action factors by helping older adults to practice new behaviors and skills to manage the transgression. The findings indicated that both conditions resulted in decreases in revenge, transgression-related thoughts and feelings, negative affect, and psychological distress as well as increases in life satisfaction. We were able to demonstrate that both routes are equally effective in reducing negative states and producing positive states.

Subsyndromal depression among older adults in the USA: prevalence, comorbidity, and risk for new-onset psychiatric disorders in late life

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 677-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Laborde-Lahoz ◽  
Renée El-Gabalawy ◽  
Jolene Kinley ◽  
Paul D. Kirwin ◽  
Jitender Sareen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Subsyndromal Depression ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Onset

scholarly journals Social isolation induces hyperactivity and exploration in aged female mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245355
Author(s):  
D. Gregory Sullens ◽  
Kayla Gilley ◽  
Kendall Jensen ◽  
Elisabeth Vichaya ◽  
Sara L. Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Tnf Α

Prolonged social isolation is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes, findings observed in both humans, and rodent models of isolation. Humans, like mice, may engage in enhanced exploratory and social behaviour following isolation, which may protect against subsequent cognitive decline and psychological distress. Understanding how these effects may impact behaviour in older adults is particularly relevant, as this population is likely to experience periods of late-life social isolation. We report that late-life social isolation in female mice did not lead to robust depressive-like symptomology, altered social interaction behaviour, sensitivity to context fear acquisition and memory, or alterations in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, Tnf-α) or microglial activation (Itgam) within the hippocampus. Rather, isolation increased hyperactivity and exploration behaviours. These findings have translational value as the first female mouse model of late-life social isolation, and provide evidence to inform the development of interventions aimed at promoting functional recovery following isolation in late-life.

scholarly journals VALIDATION AND CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF A SLEEP HEALTH SCALE IN LATE LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S526-S526
Author(s):  
Scott Ravyts ◽  
Joseph Dzierzewski ◽  
Elliottnell Perez ◽  
Emily Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Sleep health is a multidimensional construct of sleep and wakefulness which can be conceptualized as the opposite of sleep dysfunction. Assessing sleep health is particularly relevant among older adults who disproportionally experience sleep-related adverse outcomes. Yet, empirically-validated sleep health scales are lacking. The objectives of the present study were to assess the psychometric properties of a newly designed measure of sleep health (RU-SATED) among older adults and examine the association between sleep health and well-being in late-life. Data included 773 older adults (M=67.68, 52% female) who completed an online survey of their sleep and health. Respondents completed the six-item RU-SATED scale, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Sleep health scores ranged from 1 to 12, (M=8.13, SD=2.68), with higher scores indicating better sleep health. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model was associated with model fit indices in the adequate range. Additionally, a hierarchical linear regression indicated that sleep health was positively associated with life satisfaction (β=.25, p<.001) and accounted for significant variance in life satisfaction above and beyond insomnia severity (∆R2=.04, p<.001). In conclusion, RU-SATED appears to be a valid measure of sleep health among older adults with potentially useful clinical applications. Future research would benefit from examining the association between sleep health and other relevant health outcomes, as well as assessing the prospective ability of sleep health to predict relevant outcomes above and beyond traditional measures of sleep quality or insomnia.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Beaglehole ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Chris M. Frampton ◽  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundNatural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. They cause widespread hardship and are associated with detrimental effects on mental health.AimsOur aim is to provide the best estimate of the effects of natural disasters on mental health through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters.MethodThis systematic review and meta-analysis is limited to studies that met predetermined quality criteria. We required included studies to make comparisons with pre-disaster or non-disaster exposed controls, and sample representative populations. Key studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1980 to 3 March 2017. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for studies that reported key outcomes with appropriate statistics.ResultsForty-one studies were identified by the literature search, of which 27 contributed to the meta-analyses. Continuous measures of psychological distress were increased after natural disasters (combined standardised mean difference 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.98, P = 0.005). Psychiatric disorders were also increased (combined odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.38, P < 0.001). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were significantly increased after disasters. Findings for anxiety and alcohol misuse/dependence were not significant. High rates of heterogeneity suggest that disaster-specific factors and, to a lesser degree, methodological factors contribute to the variance between studies.ConclusionsIncreased rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders follow natural disasters. High levels of heterogeneity between studies suggest that disaster variables and post-disaster response have the potential to mitigate adverse effects.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Measurement Invariance of Screening Measures of Anxiety, Depression, and Level of Functioning in a US Sample of Minority Older Adults Assessed in Four Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cruz-Gonzalez ◽  
Patrick E. Shrout ◽  
Kiara Alvarez ◽  
Isaure Hostetter ◽  
Margarita Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Level Of Functioning

Population aging in the US and its increase in racial/ethnic diversity has resulted in a growing body of literature aimed at measuring health disparities among minority older adults. Disparities in health outcomes are often evaluated using self-reported measures and, to attend to linguistic diversity, these measures are increasingly being used in languages for which they were not originally developed and validated. However, observed differences in self-reported measures cannot be used to infer disparities in theoretical attributes, such as late-life depression, unless there is evidence that individuals from different groups responded similarly to the measures—a property known as measurement invariance. Using data from the Positive Minds-Strong Bodies randomized controlled trial, which delivered evidence-based mental health and disability prevention services to a racially/ethnically diverse sample of minority older adults, we applied invariance tests to two common measures of anxiety and depression (the GAD-7 and the HSCL-25) and two measures of level of functioning (the Late-Life FDI and the WHODAS 2.0) comparing four different languages: English, Spanish, Mandarin, and Cantonese. We found that these measures were conceptualized similarly across languages. However, at the item-level symptom burden, we identified a non-negligible number of symptoms with some degree of differential item functioning. Spanish speakers reported more worry symptoms and less somatic symptoms for reasons unrelated to their psychological distress. Mandarin speakers reported more feelings of restlessness, and both Mandarin and Cantonese speakers reported no interest in things more often for reasons unrelated to their psychological distress. Mandarin and Cantonese speakers were also found to consistently report more difficulties performing physical activities for reasons unrelated to their level of functioning. In general, invariance tests have been insufficiently applied within psychological research, but they are particularly relevant as a prerequisite to accurately measure health disparities. Our results highlight the importance of conducting invariance testing, as we singled out several items that may require careful examination before considering their use to compare symptoms of psychological distress and level of functioning among ethnically and linguistically diverse older adult populations.

DSM-5 alcohol use disorder features among treatment-seeking older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Barbara Braun ◽  
Randi Bilberg ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Michael Bogenschutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Multicenter

Abstract. Background: The number of older adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is expected to rise. Adapted treatments for this group are lacking and information on AUD features in treatment seeking older adults is scarce. The international multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial “ELDERLY-Study” with few exclusion criteria was conducted to investigate two outpatient AUD-treatments for adults aged 60+ with DSM-5 AUD. Aims: To add to 1) basic methodological information on the ELDERLY-Study by providing information on AUD features in ELDERLY-participants taking into account country and gender, and 2) knowledge on AUD features in older adults seeking outpatient treatment. Methods: baseline data from the German and Danish ELDERLY-sites (n=544) were used. AUD diagnoses were obtained with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, alcohol use information with Form 90. Results: Lost control, desired control, mental/physical problem, and craving were the most prevalent (> 70 %) AUD-symptoms. 54.9 % reported severe DSM-5 AUD (moderate: 28.2 %, mild: 16.9 %). Mean daily alcohol use was 6.3 drinks at 12 grams ethanol each. 93.9 % reported binging. More intense alcohol use was associated with greater AUD-severity and male gender. Country effects showed for alcohol use and AUD-severity. Conclusion: European ELDERLY-participants presented typical dependence symptoms, a wide range of severity, and intense alcohol use. This may underline the clinical significance of AUD in treatment-seeking seniors.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

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