Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

AbstractThe present study assessed the prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with multi-morbidities. In this study, 614 individuals with DM and hypertension were recruited. Dyslipidaemia was defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1 mmol/L for men and < 1.2 mmol/L for women. Multivariate regression model (adjusted) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 76.7% (n = 471), with females showing the highest prevalence 357 (75.79%). Elevated TG (62.21%) was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia. Only 103 (16.77%) participants were on statin therapy. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis (adjusted) showed that, the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.48–4.05) was associated with high TC. DM (AOR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.30–3.06) and the female sex (AOR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.56–4.12) were associated with low HDL-C. Obesity (AOR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.12–2.21) and the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.00–2.54) were associated with elevated LDL-C. DM (AOR = 2.32; 95%CI 1.61–3.34) was associated with elevated TG. We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The study further demonstrated that prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia should be prioritised among individuals with multi-morbidities.

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Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Students from Han, Uygur, and Kazakh Ethnic Groups in a Medical University in Xinjiang, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55480-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jialin Abuzhalihan ◽

Yong-Tao Wang ◽

Dilare Adi ◽

Yi-Tong Ma ◽

Zhen-Yan Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Tc ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Medical University

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. It is an observational, cross-sectional study. The sample of 7096 students aged 21–25 years was randomly selected from the clinic of Xinjiang Medical University. Baseline data, serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were reported. The prevalence of changes in lipid profile according to Body mass index (BMI) in three ethnic groups was calculated. Compared with Han and Uygur students, TC, LDL-C, TG and FPG levels were lower in kazakh sutdents, while HDL-C level was lower in Uygur students. The prevalence of high TC change was higher in Uygur students, and high LDL-C change was higher in Han students. The prevalence of low HDL-C change was higher in Uygur students, and high TG change was lower in Kazakh students. The prevalence of high TC, LDL-C, TG and low HDL-C changes was observed in normal weight, overweight and obesity groups according to the nutritional status by BMI among students of each ethnic group. The present study demonstrated the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups, and enriched the limited data on the early prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases in Xinjiang medical students crowd.

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Prevalence of and Trends for Dyslipidemia among Pilots from one Airline in China

International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health ◽

10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Tiebing Liu ◽

Bing Qiu ◽

Jinling Zheng ◽

Chanyuan Zhang ◽

Yanmin Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southwest China ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Tc ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Linear Trends

ntroduction: Most of previous studies on dyslipidemia among pilots were cross-sectional surveys which cannot explore the temporal trend of dyslipidemia, and these studies were normally conducted at least five years ago. In addition, studies focusing on pilots in Southwest China are scarce. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of and trends in dyslipidemia among pilots from an airline in Southwest China. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of adverse concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) among all pilots from one airline in Southwest China in 2015. Analyses of linear trends in age-adjusted prevalence of dyslipidemia were conducted overall across a 3-year period (2013, 2014, and 2015). Results: In 2015, 3.4% of participating pilots had a high TC concentration, 16.4% had a high TG concentration, 2.6% had a high LDL-C concentration, 25.1% had a low HDL-C concentration, and 33.1% had dyslipidemia. Between 2013 and 2015, there were decreasing linear trends in age-adjusted prevalence of high TG (32% vs. 19.9%; P<0.001) and dyslipidemia (51.9% vs. 38.4%; P<0.001). During this 3-year period, declining trends were also observed in age-adjusted prevalence of LDL-C (10.0% vs. 4%; P<0.001) and HDL-C (33.2% vs. 28.3%; P=0.015). However, there was no change from 2013 to 2015 in age-adjusted prevalence of high TC (2.8% vs. 5.0%; P=0.168). Conclusion: From 2013 to 2015, there were favorable trends in the prevalence of high TG, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and overall dyslipidemia but no significant change in high TC among pilots from one airline in southwest China. The reasons for these trends need to be further explored.

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Association between different types of plant-based diet and dyslipidemia in Korean adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003482 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Nara Shin ◽

Jihye Kim

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Using Data

Abstract This study investigated the association between the different types of plant-based diets and dyslipidemia in Korean adults using data from the nationally representative sample. Using the 2012-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data, a total of 14,167 adults (≥19 years old) participated in this study. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Three different plant-based diet indices (overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI)), were calculated. Dyslipidemia and its components (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), use of anti-hyperlipidemia agent) were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between plant-based diet and dyslipidemia and individual lipid disorders. Totally, 47% of overall population had dyslipidemia. Individual in the highest quintile of uPDI had 22% greater odds of dyslipidemia (95% CI: 1·05, 1·41) and 48 % higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia (95% CI: 1·21, 1·81) and 16% higher odds of low HDL-C (OR: 1·16, 95% CI: 1·00, 1·35) than those in the lowest quintile of uPDI. PDI was associated with 16 % higher odds of low HDL-C and hPDI were associated with 25% lower odds of high LDL-C. However, Neither PDI nor hPDI was significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Greater adherence to unhealthful plant-based diets was associated with greater odds of the dyslipidemia and its components suggesting the importance of the quality of plant-based diet in South Korean adults for dyslipidemia prevention.

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Low HDL Cholesterol, Smoking and IL-13 R130Q Polymorphism are Associated with Myocardial Infarction in Greek Cypriot Males. A Pilot Study

The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874192400802010052 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stavroulla Xenophontos ◽

Marilena Hadjivassiliou ◽

Alexandros Karagrigoriou ◽

Nafsika Demetriou ◽

George Miltiadous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Greek Cypriot ◽

Low Hdl ◽

First Time ◽

Control Study

This study was carried out in Greek Cypriot males to identify risk factors that predispose to myocardial infarction (MI). Genetic and lipid risk factors were investigated for the first time in a Greek Cypriot male case-control study.Contrary to other studies, mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between cases and controls. High density lipoprotein cholesterol on the other hand, although within normal range in cases and controls, was significantly higher in the control population. In agreement with many other studies, smoking was significantly more prevalent in cases compared with controls. In pooled cases and controls, smokers had a significantly lower HDL-C level compared with non-smokers. The frequency of the IL-13 R130Q homozygotes for the mutation (QQ), as well as the mutant allele were significantly higher in cases compared with controls. The IL-13 R130Q variant, or another locus, linked to it, may increase the risk of MI.

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Association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02472-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yu ◽

Yanhua Yu ◽

Cunsheng Wei ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Junying Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cutoff Value

Abstract Background Cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the aged population and is closely related to abnormalities in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our study aims to clarify the relationship between small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) (a subcomponent of LDL-C) and neuroimaging markers of CSVD. Methods In total, 1211 Chinese adults aged ≥45 years with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited in this retrospective study from January 2018 to May 2021. Serum lipids and other baseline characteristics were investigated in relation to the occurrence of CSVD. A logistic regression model was performed to analyze the relationships between LDL subtypes and CSVD risk, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and CSVD risk. ROC curves and AUCs were created and depicted to predict the best cutoff value of LDL-C subtypes for CSVD risk. Based on these data, we performed comprehensive analyses to investigate the risk factors for CSVD. Results Ultimately, 623 eligible patients were included in the present study. Of the 623 eligible patients, 487 were included in the CSVD group, and 136 were included in the group without CSVD (control group). We adjusted for confounders in the multivariate logistic regression model, and LDL-C3 was still higher in the CSVD patients than in the group of those without CSVD (OR (95% CI), 1.22(1.08–1.38), P < 0.05). Pearson correlation showed that there was a positive correlation between the levels of LDL-C3, LDL-C4, LDL-C5, glucose, age, hypertension, previous ischemic stroke and CSVD risk (r > 0.15, P < 0.01). Moreover, the best cutoff value of LDL-C3 to predict CSVD was 9.5 mg/dL with 68.4% sensitivity and 72.8% specificity, and the best cutoff value of LDL-C4 to predict CSVD was 5.5 mg/dL with 50.5% sensitivity and 90.4% specificity. Conclusion The results indicate that LDL-C3 is an independent risk factor for CSVD. A new prediction model based on LDL-C3 and LDL-C4 can help clinicians identify high-risk CSVD, even in people with normal LDL-C levels. The levels of sdLDL-C should be considered in the assessment and management of CSVD.

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Triglyceride and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Predicting Disorders in Parents From Their Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.6.824 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 824-831

Author(s):

Sheldon M. Polonsky ◽

Loretta A. Simbartl ◽

Dennis L. Sprecher

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Disorder ◽

Lipid Disorders ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Low Hdl

Objective. To determine whether lipid disorders can be predicted in parents after such disorders are identified initially in their children. Although this relation has been well determined for children with high cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), it has not been as well described for disorders involving triglycerides (TG) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or their interaction with LDL-C. Methods. Serum lipid values were obtained from 232 families in the comparison population of a large genetics study. Subjects were classified into four groups based on their lipid status: 1) isolated LDL-C disorder, defined by a high LDL-C level and normal TG and HDL-C levels; 2) isolated TG/HDL-C disorder, defined by either high TG, low HDL-C, or both, and normal LDL-C; 3) combined disorder, defined by high LDL-C in addition to either high TG, low HDL-C, or both; and 4) normal, defined by the absence of any of the above disorders. The frequencies of these disorders were noted in both parents and children, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the presence of these disorders in at least one child in the family could predict similar disorders in the parents. Results. Children with isolated LDL-C or TG/HDL-C disorder were more likely to have parents with the same disorder as themselves (P = .002 and P = .04, respectively). Children with the combined disorder were more likely to have parents with any lipid disorder (P = .009), but especially isolated LDL-C (P = .002) and isolated TG/HDL-C (P = .05). Conclusion. A classification scheme defining disorders of TG and HDL-C, LDL-C, or a combination can be useful for predicting lipid disorders in parents after such disorders are identified initially in their children.

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Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Disappearing HDL Syndrome

Case Reports in Immunology ◽

10.1155/2016/7945953 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Swetha Sriram ◽

Avni Y. Joshi ◽

Vilmarie Rodriguez ◽

Seema Kumar

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Clinic ◽

Low Hdl ◽

History Of ◽

Lymphocyte Homeostasis ◽

Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

The term disappearing HDL syndrome refers to development of severe high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) deficiency in noncritically ill patients with previously normal HDL-C and triglyceride levels. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a disorder of the immune system due to an inability to regulate lymphocyte homeostasis resulting in lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. We describe a 17-year-old boy who was evaluated in the lipid clinic for history of undetectable or low HDL-C and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Past medical history was significant for ALPS IA diagnosed at 10 years of age when he presented with bilateral cervical adenopathy. He was known to have a missense mutation in one allele of the FAS protein extracellular domain consistent with ALPS type 1A. HDL-C and LDL-C levels had been undetectable on multiple occasions, though lipids had not been measured prior to the diagnosis of ALPS. He had been receiving sirolimus for immunosuppression. The HDL-C and LDL-C levels correlated with disease activity and improved to normal levels during times when the activity of ALPS was controlled. This case highlights the importance of considering ALPS as a cause of low HDL-C and LDL-C levels in a child with evidence of lymphoproliferation.

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APLP2 gene polymorphisms are associated with high TC and LDL-C levels in Chinese population in Xinjiang, China

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20200357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Jialin Abuzhalihan ◽

Dilare Adi ◽

Yong-Tao Wang ◽

Yang Li ◽

Yi-Ning Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Population ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Additive Model ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

High Tc ◽

High Lipid ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Medical University

Abstract Hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in amyloid precursor-like protein (APLP) 2 (APLP2) gene were associated with high lipid levels in Chinese population in Xinjiang, China. We recruited 1738 subjects (1187 men, 551 women) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and genotyped three SNPs (rs2054247, rs3740881 and rs747180) of APLP2 gene in all subjects by using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method. Our study revealed that the rs2054247 SNP was associated with serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in additive model (all P<0.05). The rs747180 SNP was associated with serum TC and LDL-C levels in additive model (all P<0.05). Our study revealed that both rs2054247 and rs747180 SNPs of the APLP2 gene were associated with high TC and LDL-C levels in Chinese subjects in Xinjiang.

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Associations of Serum Lipids with Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Centenarians

10.21203/rs.3.rs-274807/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yujian Chen ◽

Ya Huang ◽

ChaoXue Ning ◽

Qiao Zhu ◽

Yao Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Background Dyslipidaemia and cognitive impairment are common in old adults and risks of both of them increase with increasing age. However, the relationship between lipids and cognitive impairment in longevous people is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between serum lipids and cognitive impairment in Chinese centenarians. Methods In a cross-sectional study, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were biochemically measured in 924 centenarians and cognitive functions were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations of lipids with cognitive impairment and the risks for cognitive impairment associated with quartile of serum lipid concentrations. Results The results demonstrated HDL-C was an independent beneficial factor for cognitive impairment after controlling for the potential covariates (Odds ratio, OR = 0.350, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 0.159–0.774; P = 0.009). An inverse association of HDL-C with cognitive impairment was found (P for trend = 0.001) and the association remained significant after adjusting for possible cofounders (P for trend = 0.012). The OR of cognitive impairment for the lowest versus highest quartiles of HDL-C was 1.96 (95%CI, 1.09–3.45). Conclusions The results indicated that low HDL-C is likely to be harmful for cognitive functions in centenarians. The cognitive function of longevous persons with low HDL-C concentrations deserves more attention.

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The Effect of Smoking on the Association between Long-Term Alcohol Consumption and Dyslipidemia in a Middle-Aged and Older Population

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agaa051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 531-539

Author(s):

Kyueun Lee ◽

Jihye Kim

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Aims The joint effects of chronic alcohol consumption and smoking on dyslipidemia remain unclear in a prospective design. This study examined the effect of smoking on the association between long-term alcohol consumption and risk of incident dyslipidemia. Methods A total of 4467 participants (1866 men and 2601women) aged 40–69 years without dyslipidemia were recruited at baseline. Alcohol consumption was assessed biennially using a questionnaire and classified as light, moderate or heavy drinker. Smoking status was examined at baseline and categorized into non-smokers and current smokers. Dyslipidemia was defined as the presence of one or more of following: hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL), hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL), low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) < 40 mg/dL, or high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL. Results During a follow-up period of 12 years, 2872 (64.3%) participants developed dyslipidemia. In non-smoking men, light or moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of incident dyslipidemia such as hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, whereas this association was not observed in current smoking men. Unlike non-smokers, the duration of alcohol drinking > 10 years was associated with a higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia in current smoking men (hazard ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.30, P = 0.020). In addition, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with low HDL-C regardless of smoking status. In women, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with dyslipidemia hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-C regardless of alcohol amount. Conclusion Smoking crucially confounds the association between long-term alcohol consumption and dyslipidemia, particularly in hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.

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