scholarly journals The quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects with driving fields in the weak and strong coupling regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Majeed ◽  
Adam Zaman Chaudhry

AbstractRepeated measurements in quantum mechanics can freeze (the quantum Zeno effect) or enhance (the quantum anti-Zeno effect) the time-evolution of a quantum system. In this paper, we present a general treatment of the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects for arbitrary driven open quantum systems, assuming only that the system–environment coupling is weak. In particular, we obtain a general expression for the effective decay rate of a two-level system subjected to arbitrary driving fields as well as periodic measurements. We demonstrate that the driving fields change the decay rate, and hence the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno behavior, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We also extend our results to systems consisting of more than one two-level system, as well as a two-level system strongly coupled to an environment of harmonic oscillators, to further illustrate the non-trivial effect of the driving fields on the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.

Author(s):  
Simon Becker ◽  
Nilanjana Datta ◽  
Robert Salzmann

AbstractWe prove the quantum Zeno effect in open quantum systems whose evolution, governed by quantum dynamical semigroups, is repeatedly and frequently interrupted by the action of a quantum operation. For the case of a quantum dynamical semigroup with a bounded generator, our analysis leads to a refinement of existing results and extends them to a larger class of quantum operations. We also prove the existence of a novel strong quantum Zeno limit for quantum operations for which a certain spectral gap assumption, which all previous results relied on, is lifted. The quantum operations are instead required to satisfy a weaker property of strong power-convergence. In addition, we establish, for the first time, the existence of a quantum Zeno limit for open quantum systems in the case of unbounded generators. We also provide a variety of physically interesting examples of quantum operations to which our results apply.


2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlin Li ◽  
Najmeh Es'haqi-Sani ◽  
Wen-Zhao Zhang ◽  
David Vitali

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
Gershon Kurizki ◽  
Goren Gordon

In a strange dream, Henry is coherently transported towards his bride down the aisle. But just as a small portion of him arrives next to her, that portion disappears in a flash of light caused by a snapshot! Henry keeps trying to be united with his bride, but repeated snapshots cause Henry’s collapse to being far away from her. This dream illustrates the quantum Zeno effect (QZE): if a measurement collapses the quantum state with high probability to the initial state, then frequent repeated measurements can almost stop the change of the quantum state. Yet less frequent measurements cause the opposite, anti-Zeno effect (AZE), whereby change or decay increases. Thus, decay is controllable. These effects confirm Zeno’s argument that change is an illusion, as it is up to the observer to prevent or induce it by appropriate observation. The appendix to this chapter explains the QZE for coherent and decay processes.


2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Sargsyan ◽  
Yu. V. Palchikov ◽  
Z. Kanokov ◽  
G. G. Adamian ◽  
N. V. Antonenko

2008 ◽  
Vol Volume 9, 2007 Conference in... ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rouchon

http://www-direction.inria.fr/international/arima/009/00920.html International audience This paper describes several methods used by physicists for manipulations of quantum states. For each method, we explain the model, the various time-scales, the performed approximations and we propose an interpretation in terms of control theory. These various interpretations underlie open questions on controllability, feedback and estimations. For 2-level systems we consider: the Rabi oscillations in connection with averaging; the Bloch-Siegert corrections associated to the second order terms; controllability versus parametric robustness of open-loop control and an interesting controllability problem in infinite dimension with continuous spectra. For 3-level systems we consider: Raman pulses and the second order terms. For spin/spring systems we consider: composite systems made of 2-level sub-systems coupled to quantized harmonic oscillators; multi-frequency averaging in infinite dimension; controllability of 1D partial differential equation of Shrödinger type and affine versus the control; motion planning for quantum gates. For open quantum systems subject to decoherence with continuous measures we consider: quantum trajectories and jump processes for a 2-level system; Lindblad-Kossakovsky equation and their controllability. Ce papier décrit plusieurs méthodes utilisées par les physiciens pour la manipulation d’états quantiques. Pour chaque méthode, nous expliquons la modélisation, les diverses échelles de temps, les approximations faites et nous proposons une interprétation en termes de contrôle. Ces diverses interprétations servent de base à la formulation de questions ouvertes sur la commandabilité et aussi sur le feedback et l’estimation, renouvelant un peu certaines questions de base en théorie des systèmes non-linéaires. Pour les systèmes à deux niveaux, dits aussi de spin 1/2, il s’agit: des oscillations de Rabi et d’une approximation au premier ordre de la théorie des perturbations (transition à un photon); des corrections de Bloch-Siegert et d’approximation au second ordre; de commandabilité et de robustesse paramétrique pour des contrôles en boucle ouverte, robustesse liée à des questions largement ouvertes sur la commandabilité en dimension infinie où le spectre est continu. Pour les systèmes à trois niveaux, il s’agit: de pulses Raman; d’approximations au second ordre. Pour les systèmes spin/ressort, il s’agit: des systèmes composés de sous-systèmes à deux niveaux couplés à des oscillateurs harmoniques quantifiés; de théorie des perturbations à plusieurs fréquences en dimension infinie; de commandabilité d’équations aux dérivées partielles de type Schrödinger sur R et affine en contrôle; de planification de trajectoires pour la synthèse portes logiques quantiques. Pour les systèmes ouverts soumis à la décohérence avec des mesures en continu, il s’agit: de trajectoires quantiques de Monte-Carlo et de processus à sauts sur un systèmes à deux niveaux; des équations de Lindblad-Kossakovsky avec leur commandabilité.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  

In Nature, 570, 200 (2019), Minev and co-authors’ experiment shows how to deterministically “catch and reverse a quantum jump mid-flight” in a continuously-observed Rabi-stimulated qubit. Its interpretation is in debate (La Recherche, 555, 40, (2020)). We show that the quantum Zeno effect (QZE) of continuous measurement —by use of photon emission from a 3rd high-rate monitored ancilla level— can be described by an action-angle canonical transformation of the original Hamiltonian dynamical system (HDS) theory of QZE. Then energy whose mean value yields the well-known resonant Rabi harmonic dynamics is actually defined by large-amplitude high-frequency oscillations of the internal as well as of the overall phase of the two-level system. By making use of their standard deviation, we show that the separatrix crossing of the HDS trajectory yields the quantized action nh where n = 1, 2, 3 .... Therefore, the jump dynamics observed in Minev et al. experiment belongs to a series of discrete quantum jumps: it corresponds in this experiment to n = 3.


Quantum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Merkli

We develop a framework to analyze the dynamics of a finite-dimensional quantum system S in contact with a reservoir R. The full, interacting SR dynamics is unitary. The reservoir has a stationary state but otherwise dissipative dynamics. We identify a main part of the full dynamics, which approximates it for small values of the SR coupling constant, uniformly for all times t≥0. The main part consists of explicit oscillating and decaying parts. We show that the reduced system evolution is Markovian for all times. The technical novelty is a detailed analysis of the link between the dynamics and the spectral properties of the generator of the SR dynamics, based on Mourre theory. We allow for SR interactions with little regularity, meaning that the decay of the reservoir correlation function only needs to be polynomial in time, improving on the previously required exponential decay.In this work we distill the structural and technical ingredients causing the characteristic features of oscillation and decay of the SR dynamics. In the companion paper [27] we apply the formalism to the concrete case of an N-level system linearly coupled to a spatially infinitely extended thermal bath of non-interacting Bosons.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpan Bhattacharyya ◽  
S. Shajidul Haque ◽  
Eugene H. Kim

Abstract We investigate circuit complexity to characterize chaos in multiparticle quantum systems. In the process, we take a stride to analyze open quantum systems by using complexity. We propose a new diagnostic of quantum chaos from complexity based on the reduced density matrix by exploring different types of quantum circuits. Through explicit calculations on a toy model of two coupled harmonic oscillators, where one or both of the oscillators are inverted, we demonstrate that the evolution of complexity is a possible diagnostic of chaos.


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