scholarly journals Western listeners detect boundary hierarchy in Indian music: a segmentation study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Popescu ◽  
Richard Widdess ◽  
Martin Rohrmeier
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Indian Music ◽  
Time Awareness

AbstractHow are listeners able to follow and enjoy complex pieces of music? Several theoretical frameworks suggest links between the process of listening and the formal structure of music, involving a division of the musical surface into structural units at multiple hierarchical levels. Whether boundaries between structural units are perceivable to listeners unfamiliar with the style, and are identified congruently between naïve listeners and experts, remains unclear. Here, we focused on the case of Indian music, and asked 65 Western listeners (of mixed levels of musical training; most unfamiliar with Indian music) to intuitively segment into phrases a recording of sitar ālāp of two different rāga-modes. Each recording was also segmented by two experts, who identified boundary regions at section and phrase levels. Participant- and region-wise scores were computed on the basis of "clicks" inside or outside boundary regions (hits/false alarms), inserted earlier or later within those regions (high/low "promptness"). We found substantial agreement—expressed as hit rates and click densities—among participants, and between participants' and experts' segmentations. The agreement and promptness scores differed between participants, levels, and recordings. We found no effect of musical training, but detected real-time awareness of grouping completion and boundary hierarchy. The findings may potentially be explained by underlying general bottom-up processes, implicit learning of structural relationships, cross-cultural musical similarities, or universal cognitive capacities.

scholarly journals Western listeners detect boundary hierarchy in Indian music: a segmentation study (Popescu et al. 2020, Scientific Reports)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Popescu ◽  
Richard Widdess ◽  
Martin Rohrmeier
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Indian Music ◽  
Time Awareness

How are listeners able to follow and enjoy complex pieces of music? Several theoretical frameworks suggest links between the process of listening and the formal structure of music, involving a division of the musical surface into structural units at multiple hierarchical levels. Whether boundaries between structural units are perceivable to listeners unfamiliar with the style, and are identified congruently between naïve listeners and experts, remains unclear. Here, we focused on the case of Indian music, and asked sixty-five Western listeners (of mixed levels of musical training; most unfamiliar with Indian music) to intuitively segment into phrases a recording of sitar ālāp of two different rāga-modes. Each recording was also segmented by two experts, who identified boundary regions at section and phrase levels. Participant- and region-wise scores were computed on the basis of "clicks" inside or outside boundary regions (hits/false alarms), inserted earlier or later within those regions (high/low "promptness"). We found substantial agreement – expressed as hit rates and click densities – among participants, and between participants' and experts' segmentations. The agreement and promptness scores differed between participants, levels, and recordings. We found no effect of musical training, but detected real-time awareness of grouping completion and boundary hierarchy. The findings may potentially be explained by underlying general bottom-up processes, implicit learning of structural relationships, cross-cultural musical similarities, or universal cognitive capacities.

Danish humor in cross-cultural professional settings: linguistic and social aspects

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Low Degree

AbstractThe specificities of national humor are often mentioned in humor research, but seldom explained in depth. This article concerns two studies, which reveal that Danish humor (as used in professional settings) is judged by Danes and non-Danes alike as ironic, self-ironic, sarcastic, and direct, with no limits or taboos. These characteristics of Danish humor are analyzed here using two different theoretical frameworks: linguistics – where an explanation is found in certain type-specific features of the Danish language, namely the dialogical particles typical of the Nordic languages in general – and the historico-sociological approach proposed by Norbert Elias. According to Elias, the mentality of a people has been molded through an ongoing historical process of civilization. The civilizing process specific to Danish society has engendered a “campfire mentality”, leading up to the egalitarian, consensual welfare state. Work relationships in Denmark are based on a horizontal, flat structure with low power distance, a structure for which management researchers actually recommend the use of humor, irony and self-irony. Finally, the specificities of Danish humor are linked to a low degree of gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at, among Danes.

scholarly journals Compositional Process and Technique in Happy Rain on a Spring Night (2004)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chamber Ensemble ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Compositional Style ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Compositional Process ◽  
Musical Heritage

The composer discusses her musical training at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing and at Columbia University in New York, and the effect of that musical heritage on her compositional style. She describes the techniques she uses in her chamber ensemble Happy Rain on a Spring Night (2004), including the use of speech tones for the development of her pitch material, and the Golden section for proportional relationships in the formal structure of the work.

scholarly journals Thanks Response Strategies in Cameroon French

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Bernard Mulo Farenkia
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Data Completion ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

This study is designed to investigate strategies used by Cameroon French speakers to respond to gratitude expressions. Principles from three theoretical frameworks, i.e., cross-cultural pragmatics, the conception of French as a pluricentric language and postcolonial pragmatics were used to guide the study. The study was based on data from 148 French-speaking Cameroonian university students using a Data completion task questionnaire. The analysis focused on the pragmatic functions, realization patterns, and situational distribution of thanks response strategies as well as on supportive acts used to modify thanks responses. The results indicate five groups of thanks response strategies emerging from the corpus and the most common strategies used by the respondents are those intended to mitigate or even negate the magnitude of the favor. The findings also show that thanks response strategies are realized in different ways and that they are distributed differently across the three situations retained for this study. It was also found that thanks responses occur either as single acts or as combinations of many acts. The supportive acts attested in the data are employed to mitigate or intensify thanks responses, and to save or enhance the faces of the speaker and/or the addressee. The limitations of the study’s findings are highlighted, and avenues for future research outlined.

Cross-cultural views on human development in the third millennium

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre R. Dasen ◽  
Ramesh C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Indigenous Psychologies ◽  
Apparent Conflict

The authors examine the prospects of a cross-cultural approach for research in human development. They first examine the apparent conflict between the positivistic and the constructionist paradigms, and examine their methodological implications. They argue for a midline position, seeing the seemingly opposed paradigms as complementary rather than antithetical. The major part of the paper lists the further developments needed in the field, in particular taking new theories to the cross-cultural test more quickly, and working out culturally appropriate applications to social issues. Shorter sections are devoted to the choice of appropriate theoretical frameworks, to the development of “indigenous psychologies” and to the working conditions of researchers in different contexts. The authors conclude that the situation of a cross-cultural approach to human development has improved significantly in the last two decades, but that there is still a lot to be done to completely disengage developmental psychology from its inherent ethnocentrism by “taking culture seriously”.

The Tipping Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Soo Kwang Oh ◽  
Seoyeon Hong ◽  
Hee Sun Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Current Shift ◽  
Perceived Relationships

While previous researchers have addressed motivations to join and continue using social media, this paper focuses on why users quit certain social media and change their favorite platforms, such as the current shift from Facebook to Twitter to Instagram and Snapchat. Furthermore, this exploratory study seeks to build an understanding of social media usage and motivations for switching from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing findings from Korean and U.S. users. Findings from 19 focus group sessions (n = 118) highlight influences regarding modes of usage, user control, commitment, addiction, privacy, perceived relationships, self-construals, and social/cultural trends. Findings are further analyzed and compared in light of relevant theoretical frameworks and cultural differences.

scholarly journals Gyrolite: Its Crystal Structure and Crystal Chemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (366) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Crystal Chemical Formula ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Sodium Cations ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Stacking Disorder

AbstractThe crystal structure of gyrolite from Qarusait, Greenland, was solved and refined with the space group P and cell parameters a = 9.74(1), b = 9.74(1), c = 22.40(2)Å, α = 95.7(1)°, β = 91.5(1)°, γ = 120.0(1)°. The structure is built up by the stacking of the structural units already found in the crystal structure of reyerite (Merlino, 1972, 1988), namely tetrahedral sheets S1 and S2 and octahedral sheets O. The tetrahedral and octahedral sheets are connected by corner sharing to give rise to the complex layer which can be schematically described as 1OS2, where S2 and , as well as O and , are symmetry-related units. Successive complex layers with composition [Ca14Si23AlO60(OH)8]-5 are connected through an interlayer sheet made up by calcium and sodium cations and water molecules.The unit cell content NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8·14H2O, determined by the structural study, was confirmed by a chemical analysis, apart from the indication of a somewhat larger water content. The crystal chemistry of gyrolite is discussed on the basis of the present structural results and the chemical data given in the literature for gyrolite from different localities: the crystal chemical formula which accounts for most gyrolite samples is Ca16Si24O60(OH)8·(14+x)H2O, with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 3.Stacking disorder, twinning and polytypic variants in gyrolite, as well as the structural relationships of gyrolite with truscottite, reyerite, fedorite and the synthetic phases K and Z are described and discussed.

scholarly journals A theoretical review of the speech act of suggesting: towards a taxonomy for its use in FLT

2005 ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Martínez Flor
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Interlanguage Pragmatics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Directive Speech

The aim of this paper is to present a taxonomy of linguistic realisation strategies concerning the speech act of suggesting. In this regard, we will first provide a definition of this particular speech act, outlining its main characteristics and differentiating it from other directive speech acts, such as requests. Second, we will review the research conducted on suggestions by examining studies from both the cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics fields. Third, we will present the taxonomy we have drawn up on the basis of two theoretical frameworks, namely those of speech act and politeness theories, as well as findings from previous studies on this particular speech act. Finally, we will propose an example of a teaching approach in which this taxonomy could be implemented in order to develop learners' pragmatic competence when making suggestions.

A culturally-relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful ageing

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA TORRES
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

In spite of the many studies conducted over the past decades, the field of inquiry known as cross-cultural gerontology remains atheoretical. This is because of its shortcomings in generating culturally-relevant theoretical frameworks of its own. In this article, I address this failure and adapt Kluckhohn's model of value orientations for use in the study of ageing-related concepts. I discuss possible applications of the adapted model and, in particular, its application to one of the most frequently debated concepts in gerontology, successful ageing. In the light of this discussion, I conclude that the culturally-relevant theoretical framework hereby proposed could lead to the rectification of the current atheoretical predicament of cross-cultural gerontology.

A perspective on gender in management

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Madsen ◽  
Robbyn T. Scribner
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
International Management ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Current Knowledge Base ◽  
Management And Leadership

Purpose There is still a lack of understanding why there is little progress when it comes to women seeking and obtaining top management and leadership positions in organizations today, and this is particularly true within the cross-cultural and international management and leadership contexts. One step forward, however, is to understand current work and trends in research and theory to identify these gaps. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the most recently published literature on the role of gender in management teams within and across cultures. Design/methodology/approach This content analysis has examined the most recent literature (i.e. January 1, 2010 to March 1, 2016) in 15 influential academic journals within the cross-cultural and international management field. The study has analyzed 152 primary and 85 secondary articles that met the strict criteria of the study. Findings Results include findings on journals/articles, gender of authors, countries included in data collection, constructs measured, tone of manuscripts (i.e. adverse outcomes associated with gender compared to the neutral/mixed or positive effects), and the theoretical frameworks utilized in the articles. Research limitations/implications This analysis will be useful for researchers, theorists, and practitioners in understanding the current knowledge base and in discovering the emerging gaps and needs. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind within gender and cross-cultural/international management. The findings clearly show gaps in research and theory that will help guide future work.

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