scholarly journals Differences in clinical severity of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Althouse ◽  
Stefan Flasche ◽  
Michiko Toizumi ◽  
Hien-Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Hien Minh Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Concurrent Infections

AbstractIt is uncertain whether clinical severity of an infection varies by pathogen or by multiple infections. Using hospital-based surveillance in children, we investigate the range of clinical severity for patients singly, multiply, and not infected with a group of commonly circulating viruses in Nha Trang, Vietnam. RT-PCR was performed to detect 13 respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal samples from enrolled patients. We apply a novel clinical severity score and examine associations with the odds of being severe and differences in raw severity scores. We find no difference in severity between 0-, 1-, and 2-concurrent infections and little differences in severity between specific viruses. We find RSV and HMPV infections to be associated with 2- and 1.5-fold increase in odds of being severe, respectively, and that infection with ADV is consistently associated with lower risk of severity. Clinically, based on the results here, if RSV or HMPV virus is suspected, PCR testing for confirmatory diagnosis and for detection of multiple coinfecting viruses would be fruitful to assess whether a patient’s disease course is going to be severe.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Sequencing To Detect Respiratory Viruses in Persons under Investigation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. e02142-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Babiker ◽  
Heath L. Bradley ◽  
Victoria D. Stittleburg ◽  
Jessica M. Ingersoll ◽  
Autum Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Testing Algorithms ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTBroad testing for respiratory viruses among persons under investigation (PUIs) for SARS-CoV-2 has been performed inconsistently, limiting our understanding of alternative viral infections and coinfections in these patients. RNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers an agnostic tool for the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA respiratory viruses in PUIs. Here, we used RNA mNGS to assess the frequencies of alternative viral infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-negative PUIs (n = 30) and viral coinfections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive PUIs (n = 45). mNGS identified all viruses detected by routine clinical testing (influenza A [n = 3], human metapneumovirus [n = 2], and human coronavirus OC43 [n = 2], and human coronavirus HKU1 [n = 1]). mNGS also identified both coinfections (1, 2.2%) and alternative viral infections (4, 13.3%) that were not detected by routine clinical workup (respiratory syncytial virus [n = 3], human metapneumovirus [n = 1], and human coronavirus NL63 [n = 1]). Among SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive PUIs, lower cycle threshold (CT) values correlated with greater SARS-CoV-2 read recovery by mNGS (R2, 0.65; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that current broad-spectrum molecular testing algorithms identify most respiratory viral infections among SARS-CoV-2 PUIs, when available and implemented consistently.

Respiratory Viral Detection in the Paranasal Sinuses of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Rowan ◽  
Eric W. Wang ◽  
Alyssa Kanaan ◽  
Nivedita Sahu ◽  
John V. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Sinonasal Disease

Background Pulmonary colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often preceded by upper-airway infections. Although there is a well-described relationship between pulmonary respiratory viral infections and overall disease progression of CF, the pathogenicity of respiratory viral infections in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF remains unknown. With recent advances in respiratory virus detection techniques, this study sought to detect the presence of respiratory viruses in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF in comparison with healthy controls and to correlate the viral presence with clinical measures of sinonasal disease. Methods This prospective individual cohort study compared 24 patients with CF with 14 healthy controls. Basic demographics, clinical measures of disease and respiratory viral screens (commercial multiplex) obtained directly from the paranasal sinuses were compared between the two groups. Results Respiratory viruses were detected in 33% of patients with CF (8/24) compared with 0% of the healthy controls (0/14) (p = 0.017). Respiratory viruses were only detected during the winter months, and the most commonly identified were influenza A and human rhinovirus strains. There was no statistical difference in the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores (p = 0.93) or modified Lund-Kennedy scores (p = 0.74) between patients with CF with a positive viral test and those without a positive result. Conclusions Respiratory viral detection is more commonly detected in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF compared with healthy controls. Although respiratory viral presence did not correlate with a worse clinical severity of sinonasal disease, these findings may provide insight into the pathophysiology of CF and open new avenues for potential targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Correlation between Chest CT Severity Scores and the Clinical Parameters of Adult Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghufran Aref Saeed ◽  
Waqar Gaba ◽  
Asad Shah ◽  
Abeer Ahmed Al Helali ◽  
Emadullah Raidullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
Serum Crp

Purpose. Our aim is to correlate the clinical condition of patients with COVID-19 infection with the 25-point CT severity score by Chang et al. (devised for assessment of ARDS in patients with SARS in 2005). Materials and Methods. Data of consecutive symptomatic patients who were suspected to have COVID-19 infection and presented to our hospital were collected from March to April 2020. All patients underwent two consecutive RT-PCR tests and had a noncontrast HRCT scan done at presentation. From the original cohort of 1062 patients, 160 patients were excluded leaving a total number of 902 patients. Results. The mean age was 44.2 ± 11.9 years (85.3% males, 14.7% females). CT severity score was found to be positively correlated with lymphopenia, increased serum CRP, d-dimer, and ferritin levels ( p < 0.0001 ). The oxygen requirements and length of hospital stay were increasing with the increase in scan severity. Conclusion. The 25-point CT severity score correlates well with the COVID-19 clinical severity. Our data suggest that chest CT scoring system can aid in predicting COVID-19 disease outcome and significantly correlates with lab tests and oxygen requirements.

scholarly journals Metagenomic sequencing to detect respiratory viruses in persons under investigation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Babiker ◽  
Heath Bradley ◽  
Victoria Stittleburg ◽  
Autum Key ◽  
Colleen Suzanne Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Generation Sequencing

We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assess the frequencies of alternative viral infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative persons under investigations (PUIs) (n=30) and viral co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive PUIs (n=45). mNGS identified both co-infections and alternative viral infections that were not detected by routine clinical workup

STRUCTURE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS AMONG HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN OF KHABAROVSK IN EPIDEMIC SEASON OF 2015-2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Елена Сапега ◽  
Elena Sapega ◽  
Владимир Молочный ◽  
Vladimir Molochnyy ◽  
Регина Гладких ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Viruses

The research presents results of the analysis by polymerase chain reaction of clinical material obtained from 170 children hospitalized into an infectious department of the Khabarovsk children’s territorial clinical hospital named after A.K.Piotrovich with a diagnosis of acute viral infection in epidemic season of 2015-2016. The most numerous group consisted of children under 1st year of age – 74 children (43.5%). The overall number of detected respiratory viruses was equal to 179. Most prevalent viruses were human rhinoviruses (25.1%), human adenoviruses (19.6%), and human parainfluenza viruses (16.8%). Among influenza viruses (11.7%) type A(H1N1) pdm09 was predominant. In 92 children (54.1%) the disease was caused by a mono-infection, in 40 cases (23.5%) there was identified mixed-infection. Infections of lower respiratory tract were identified in 100 patients (58.8%), stenosing laryngotracheitis was diagnosed most frequently (20.6%).

scholarly journals Correlation between Chest CT Severity Scores and the Clinical Parameters of Adult Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghufran Aref Saeed ◽  
Waqar Gaba ◽  
Asad Shah ◽  
Abeer Ahmed Al Helali ◽  
Emadullah Raidullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severity Score ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
Serum Crp

AbstractPurposeOur aim is to correlate the clinical condition of patients with COVID-19 infection with the 25 Point CT severity score by Chang et al (devised for assessment of ARDS in patients with SARS in 2005).Material and MethodsData of consecutive symptomatic patients who were suspected to have COVID-19 infection and presented to our hospital, was collected from March to April 2020. All patients underwent two consecutive RT-PCR tests and had a non-contrast HRCT scan done at presentation. From the original cohort of 1062 patients, 160 patients were excluded leaving a total number of 902 patients.ResultsThe mean age was 44.2 ±11.9 years [85.3%males, 14.7%females]. CT severity score found to be positively correlated with lymphopenia, increased serum CRP, d-dimer and ferritin levels (p < 0.0001). The oxygen requirements as well as length of hospital stay were increasing with the increase of scan severity.ConclusionThe 25-point CT severity score correlates well with the COVID-19 clinical severity. Our data suggest that chest CT scoring system can aid in predicting COVID-19 disease outcome and significantly correlates with lab tests and oxygen requirements.

Detection of Nucleic Acids in Cells or Tissue Sections Using In situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
J. R. Hully ◽  
K. R. Luehrsen ◽  
K. Aoyagi ◽  
C. Shoemaker ◽  
R. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
In Cells

The development of PCR technology has greatly accelerated medical research at the genetic and molecular levels. Until recently, the inherent sensitivity of this technique has been limited to isolated preparations of nucleic acids which lack or at best have limited morphological information. With the obvious exception of cell lines, traditional PCR or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) cannot identify the cellular source of the amplified product. In contrast, in situ hybridization (ISH) by definition, defines the anatomical location of a gene and/or it’s product. However, this technique lacks the sensitivity of PCR and cannot routinely detect less than 10 to 20 copies per cell. Consequently, the localization of rare transcripts, latent viral infections, foreign or altered genes cannot be identified by this technique. In situ PCR or in situ RT-PCR is a combination of the two techniques, exploiting the sensitivity of PCR and the anatomical definition provided by ISH. Since it’s initial description considerable advances have been made in the application of in situ PCR, improvements in protocols, and the development of hardware dedicated to in situ PCR using conventional microscope slides. Our understanding of the importance of viral latency or viral burden in regards to HIV, HPV, and KSHV infections has benefited from this technique, enabling detection of single viral copies in cells or tissue otherwise thought to be normal. Clearly, this technique will be useful tool in pathobiology especially carcinogenesis, gene therapy and manipulations, the study of rare gene transcripts, and forensics.

Novel Applications of Nanotechnology in Controlling HIV and HSV Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Akilesh M ◽  
Ashish Wadhwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Impact

: Infectious diseases have been prevalent since many decades and viral pathogens have caused global health crisis and economic meltdown on a devastating scale. High occurrence of newer viral infections in the recent years, in spite of the progress achieved in the field of pharmaceutical sciences defines the critical need for newer and more effective antiviral therapies and diagnostics. The incidence of multi-drug resistance and adverse effects due to the prolonged use of anti-viral therapy is also a major concern. Nanotechnology offers a cutting edge platform for the development of novel compounds and formulations for biomedical applications. The unique properties of nano-based materials can be attributed to the multi-fold increase in the surface to volume ratio at the nano-scale, tunable surface properties of charge and chemical moieties. Idealistic pharmaceutical properties such as increased bioavailability and retention times, lower toxicity profiles, sustained release formulations, lower dosage forms and most importantly, targeted drug delivery can be achieved through the approach of nanotechnology. The extensively researched nano-based materials are metal and polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles, nano-drug delivery vesicles, liposomes and lipid based nanoparticles. In this review article, the impact of nanotechnology on the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) viral infections during the last decade are outlined.

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