scholarly journals Obesity is a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression associated with alterations of metabolic activity and immune status

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyohei Yugawa ◽  
Shinji Itoh ◽  
Norifumi Iseda ◽  
Takeshi Kurihara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Intrahepatic Metastasis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) is well known to be associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. The relationship between BMI and the long-term outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is incompletely understood. This study investigated the relationships of BMI with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcomes, focusing on metabolic activity and immune status. The relationship between BMI and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Seventy-four patients with ICC were classified into normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, n = 48) and obesity groups (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, n = 26), respectively. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 levels were higher in the obesity group than in the normal weight group. Tumor size and the intrahepatic metastasis rate were significantly larger in the obesity group. Patients in the obesity group had significantly worse prognoses than those in the normal weight group. Moreover, BMI displayed a positive correlation with SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT (n = 46, r = 0.5152). Patients with high 18F-FDG uptake had a significantly higher rate of PD-L1 expression, lower CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts, and higher Foxp3 + TIL counts. The elevated BMI might predict the outcomes of patients with ICC. Obesity might be associated with ICC progression, possibly through alterations in metabolic activity and the immune status.

scholarly journals Obesity and Overweight Are Independently Associated with Greater Survival in Critically Ill Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wentao Huang ◽  
Yongsong Chen ◽  
Guoshu Yin ◽  
Nasui Wang ◽  
Chiju Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The relationship between obesity and the outcomes of critically ill diabetic patients is not completely clear. We aimed to assess the effects of obesity and overweight on the outcomes among diabetic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. Critically ill diabetic patients in the ICU were classified into three groups according to their body mass index. The primary outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality. ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) and incidence and duration of mechanical ventilation were also assessed. Cox regression models were developed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and overweight and mortality. Results. A total of 6108 eligible patients were included. The 30-day and 90-day mortality in the normal weight group were approximately 1.8 times and 1.5 times higher than in the obesity group and overweight group, respectively ( P < 0.001 , respectively). Meanwhile, the ICU (median (IQ): 2.9 (1.7, 5.3) vs. 2.7 (1.6, 4.8) vs. 2.8 (1.8, 5.0)) and hospital (median (IQ): 8.3 (5.4, 14.0) vs. 7.9 (5.1, 13.0) vs. 8.3 (5.3, 13.6)) LOS in the obesity group and overweight group were not longer than in the normal weight group. Compared with normal weight patients, obese patients had significantly higher incidence of mechanical ventilation (58.8% vs. 64.7%, P < 0.001 ) but no longer ventilation duration (median (IQ): 19.3 (7.0, 73.1) vs. 19.0 (6.0, 93.7), P = 1 ). Multivariate Cox regression showed that obese and overweight patients had lower 30-day (HR (95% CI): 0.62 (0.51, 0.75); 0.76 (0.62, 0.92), respectively) and 90-day (HR (95% CI): 0.60 (0.51, 0.70); 0.79 (0.67, 0.93), respectively) mortality risks than normal weight patients. Conclusions. Obesity and overweight were independently associated with greater survival in critically ill diabetic patients, without increasing the ICU and hospital LOS. Large multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings and the underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Correlation between obesity and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: a study of 1579 cases: a retrospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9675
Author(s):  
Huijuan Wang ◽  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Xiukun Hou ◽  
Zechun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Advanced Tumor ◽  
Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽  
Overweight Group ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The clinical data of 1,579 patients with PTC, admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight recombination (BMI < 18.5 kg/m), normal body recombination (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight recombination (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). The clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in patients with different BMIs group were compared. Results In our study, the risk for extrathyroidal extension (ETE), advanced T stage (T III/IV), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (TNM III/IV) in the overweight group were higher, with OR (odds ratio) = 1.99(1.41–2.81), OR = 2.01(1.43–2.84), OR = 2.94(1.42–6.07), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. The risk for ETE and T III/IV stage in the obese group were higher, with OR = 1.82(1.23–2.71) and OR = 1.82(1.23–2.70), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. Conclusion BMI is associated with the invasiveness of PTC. There is a higher risk for ETE and TNM III/IV stage among patients with PTC in the overweight group and for ETE among patients with PTC in the obese group.

The Relationship between National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Weight Guidelines and Concurrent Medical Costs in a Manufacturing Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Alyssa B. Schultz ◽  
Shirley Musich ◽  
Tim McDonald ◽  
David Hirschland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Costs ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
National Heart ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight Groups

Purpose. To explore the relationship between the 1998 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) weight guidelines and concurrent medical costs. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. In a nationwide manufacturing corporation (General Motors Corporation). Subjects. A total of 177,971 employees, retirees, and their adult dependents who were enrolled in Indemnity/PPO health insurance plan during the years 1996 and 1997 and completed one health risk appraisal (HRA) in the same period. Measures. The participants were categorized into six weight groups according to the NHLBI 1998 guidelines (body mass index [BMI] <185, 185–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, ≥40 kg/m2). The height and weight data were collected by self-reported values on an HRA or biometric screening completed during 1996 to 1997. To represent the typical medical costs in a given group, the median, instead of mean, medical charges were used in this article. The annual median medical charges (including drug charges) for years 1996 and 1997 were compared among the six weight groups by using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. The differences in median charges were also tested between the normal weight group and the other five groups for each of the 10 gender-age subgroups (five age groups: 19–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75+). Results. Overall median medical costs were consistent with the NHLBI weight guidelines. The normal-weight group costs the least and both underweight and overweight-obesity groups cost more. The median medical costs of the six weight groups were $3184, $2225, $2388, $2801, $3182, and $3753, respectively, with statistical differences existing between any two groups of the last five categories. The underweight groups, especially in females, were not consistent with the guidelines in the two young groups (ages 19–44 and 45–54). An inconsistent relationship between medical costs and BMI groups was seen in the oldest males (age 75+). Conclusions. The six weight groups defined by the 1998 NHLBI guidelines are consistent with concurrent medical costs. Except for the underweight group (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), medical costs gradually increased with BMI. Given that the prevalence of obesity continues to increase in western countries, effective weight control programs would help avoid a substantial amount of medical costs associated with overweight/obesity and related diseases.

Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Poyraz ◽  
Murat Turfan ◽  
Sinan A. Kocaman ◽  
Huseyin U. Yazici ◽  
Nihat Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics Vary According to Body Mass Index in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

Geriatrics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Nonaka ◽  
Shin Murata ◽  
Kayoko Shiraiwa ◽  
Teppei Abiko ◽  
Hideki Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Knee Extension Strength

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is related to health in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics in underweight, overweight, and obese Japanese community-dwelling elderly women compared to normal-weight elderly women. Methods: The study participants included 212 community-dwelling elderly women. They were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9), overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Data on skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), number of trunk curl-ups performed within 30 seconds, knee extension strength, one-leg standing time, and walking speed were recorded. Results: In the underweight group, the number of trunk curl-ups was significantly lower than that of the normal-weight group (p = 0.011) and the correlation between knee extension strength and walking speed was relatively higher than in the normal-weight group (r = 0.612 vs. r = 0.471). In the overweight group, the SMI was significantly increased (p < 0.001), but knee extension strength was not increased (p = 0.235) compared to that of the normal-weight group. In the obese group, one-leg standing time was significantly shorter than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Physical characteristics vary according to BMI and these findings are useful in assessing and planning interventional programs to improve and maintain physical function in elderly women.

Analyses of Gait and Jump Tasks in Female Obese Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Ricardo Pires de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Teresa da Conceição Figueira Martins ◽  
Ana Maria Miranda Botelho Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
Task Differences

In spite of the advances in knowledge on the multi–factorial nature of obesity, many questions related to the consequences of the disease continue to be unanswered. Several studies have reported biomechanic and kinematic adaptation and alterations in walking and in tasks of every day life, motivated by the additional load of fat mass in children and adults. The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of obesity in the electromyographic activity of four lower extremity muscles during three speeds of walking and during a countermovement jump (CMJ) in twenty two (9 obese and 13 normal weight) female adolescents aged 13. Although electromyographic differences were not observed between groups for normal, slow and fast speeds, data suggests that the preferred pace of the obese is less efficient than that of the normal weight group. In CMJ task, differences in the after–fall jump phase were observed. More studies are needed to explain if the few differences observed between groups are caused by the bigger amount of fat mass.

scholarly journals Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Chen ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhi Bing Liu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

Size for gestational age at birth according to offspring sex and gestational weight gain in underweight women

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasuga ◽  
D. Shigemi ◽  
M. Tamagawa ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
S.-H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

AbstractAlthough maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are related to fetal growth, there is a paucity of data regarding how offspring sex affects the relationship between maternal BMI in underweight mothers (pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and size for gestational age at birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offspring sex on the relationships among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and size for gestational age at birth in Japanese underweight mothers. Records of women with full-term pregnancies who underwent perinatal care at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital (Kawasaki, Japan) between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study cohort included underweight (n=566) and normal-weight women (18.5 kg/m2⩽pre-pregnancy BMI<25 kg/m2; n=2671). The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01). Additionally, SGA incidence in the underweight group was significantly higher than that in the normal-weight group (P<0.01) in female, but not male (P=0.30) neonates. In the women with female neonates, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.80; P<0.01), but inadequate GWG was not (OR: 1.38; P=0.11). In contrast, in women with male neonates, inadequate GWG was associated with a significantly increased probability of SGA (OR: 1.53; P=0.03), but not with pre-pregnancy underweight (OR: 1.30; P=0.10). In conclusion, the present results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight is associated with SGA in female offspring but not in male offspring.

The impact of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome in adolescents: a prospective clinical cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder F Saloom ◽  
Roshanak Boustan ◽  
Jadbinder Seehra ◽  
Spyridon N Papageorgiou ◽  
Guy H Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Normal Weight Group ◽  
Clinical Cohort ◽  
Pre Treatment

Summary Introduction This prospective clinical cohort study investigated the potential influence of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome. Methods A prospective cohort of adolescent patients undergoing routine fixed appliance treatment were recruited into normal-weight or obese groups based upon body mass index (BMI) centile and followed up until the completion of treatment. Primary outcome was treatment duration, and secondary outcomes included treatment outcome (occlusal change measured using peer assessment rating [PAR]), appointment characteristics, and compliance measures. Results A total of 45 patients mean age 14.8 (1.6) years were included in the final analysis. The normal-weight group included 23 patients with mean BMI 19.4 (2.4) kg/m2 and the obese group 22 patients with mean BMI 30.5 (3.8) kg/m2. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between groups, except for BMI and pre-treatment PAR. The normal-weight group had a mean pre-treatment PAR of 25.6 (8.3) and the obese 33.3 (11.8) giving the obese group a more severe pre-treatment malocclusion (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in treatment duration between groups (P = 0.36), but obese patients needed less time per each additional baseline PAR point compared to normal weight (P = 0.02). Obese patients also needed less appointments compared to normal-weight patients (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between groups for appointment characteristics or compliance. Finally, obese patients were more likely to experience a great PAR reduction than normal-weight patients (relative risk = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.2; P = 0.02). Conclusions There were no significant differences in treatment duration between obese and normal-weight patients. Obesity does not appear to be a risk factor for negative orthodontic treatment outcome with fixed appliances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document