scholarly journals A global association between Covid-19 cases and airborne particulate matter at regional level

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Solimini ◽  
F. Filipponi ◽  
D. Alunni Fegatelli ◽  
B. Caputo ◽  
C. M. De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Mixed Effect

AbstractEvidences of an association between air pollution and Covid-19 infections are mixed and inconclusive. We conducted an ecological analysis at regional scale of long-term exposure to air-borne particle matter and spread of Covid-19 cases during the first wave of epidemics. Global air pollution and climate data were calculated from satellite earth observation data assimilated into numerical models at 10 km resolution. Main outcome was defined as the cumulative number of cases of Covid-19 in the 14 days following the date when > 10 cumulative cases were reported. Negative binomial mixed effect models were applied to estimate the associations between the outcome and long-term exposure to air pollution at the regional level (PM10, PM2.5), after adjusting for relevant regional and country level covariates and spatial correlation. In total we collected 237,749 Covid-19 cases from 730 regions, 63 countries and 5 continents at May 30, 2020. A 10 μg/m3 increase of pollution level was associated with 8.1% (95% CI 5.4%, 10.5%) and 11.5% (95% CI 7.8%, 14.9%) increases in the number of cases in a 14 days window, for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. We found an association between Covid-19 cases and air pollution suggestive of a possible causal link among particulate matter levels and incidence of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Health Damages from Air Pollution: Evidence from Opencast Coal Mining Region of Odisha, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapaswini Nayak ◽  
Indrani Roy Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Mining Region

The present study examines the productive day’s loss of local communities in the opencast coal mining region of Angul (Talcher) district in Odisha, due to respiratory illness, by using the dose-response function model. The productive day’s loss is estimated in terms of restricted activities or work days lost, due to severe respiratory illness (RI), induced by air pollution. Health diaries are analyzed through the seasonal household survey to predict the likelihood of RI-related sickness (in terms of the restricted days) of the residents of the mining region (due to air pollution). Poisson and negative binomial regression are fitted for the purpose of count data analysis. The regression result confirms that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of air pollution (respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM)/particulate matter less than 10 g/m3(PM10) and RI-related sick days, depicting that a reduction in air pollution level (PM10) may cause a reduction in expected number of RI-related sick days in the coal mining region. Further monetary welfare gain from avoiding the RI-related sick days are estimated for the population of Talcher coal mining area, Odisha

Cumulative exposure to particulate matter air pollution and long-term post-myocardial infarction outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Koton ◽  
Noa Molshatzki ◽  
Yuval ◽  
Vicki Myers ◽  
David M. Broday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Post Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cumulative Exposure

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION LEVEL OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND TRENDS OF IT CHANGES IN THE CITIES OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yatsenko ◽  
O. Shevchenko ◽  
S. Snizhko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the work is to study the current level and the main trends of atmospheric air pollution of the cities of Ukraine with nitrogen dioxide to identify the most polluted cities, their ranking to determine the list of cities for the priority implementation of environmental measures. For the purpose of the study, the information of the Central Geophysical Observatory on the average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the air of 51 cities of Ukraine for the period 1998-2015 was used. The study used the classical methods of applied mathematical statistics (estimation of statistical parameters of distribution of concentrations, construction of time trends on the method of least squares, graphical methods of visualization of levels of air pollution), which were implemented using the available programs "MS-Excell" and "Statistica-8.0". The classification of cities according to the level of MPC exceeds average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. 3 groups of cities were allocated: 1 group (21 cities) permissible level of pollution (<1 MPC); 2 group (27 cities) – increased level of pollution (1-2 MPC); group 3 (3 cities) – high level of pollution (2-3 MPC). It has been established that in the air of 21 cities (41% of all cities where nitrogen dioxide is monitored in the atmosphere) of 51 cities, there is an acceptable level of air pollution. In the remaining cities (59%) – there is a stable excess of MPC. In 23 cities, even the minimum concentrations of NO2 exceed the permissible standards. The study of long-term dynamics of nitrogen dioxide in air has shown that the increase of concentrations of this pollutant for 1998-2015 is observed in 28 cities (55%) of 51. The most significant increase in concentrations in the air occurred in Kherson, Lutsk, Donetsk and Gorishni Plavni. In 13 cities reduction of concentrations was recorded, and in 10 cities the content of this pollutant in the air practically does not change.

scholarly journals The association between air pollution and the incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Northern Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1700397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Conti ◽  
Sergio Harari ◽  
Antonella Caminati ◽  
Antonella Zanobetti ◽  
Joel D. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Spatiotemporal Models

Acute exacerbations and worsening of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been associated with exposure to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter, but chronic exposure to air pollution might also affect the incidence of IPF. We investigated the association between chronic exposure to NO2, O3and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) and IPF incidence in Northern Italy between 2005 and 2010.Daily predictions of PM10concentrations were obtained from spatiotemporal models, and NO2and O3hourly concentrations from fixed monitoring stations. We identified areas with homogenous exposure to each pollutant. We built negative binomial models to assess the association between area-specific IPF incidence rate, estimated through administrative databases, and average overall and seasonal PM10, NO2, and 8-hour maximum O3concentrations.Using unadjusted models, an increment of 10 µg·m−3in NO2concentration was associated with an increase between 7.93% (95% CI 0.36–16.08%) and 8.41% (95% CI −0.23–17.80%) in IPF incidence rate, depending on the season. After adjustment for potential confounders, estimated effects were similar in magnitude, but with larger confidence intervals.Although confirmatory studies are needed, our results trace a potential association between exposure to traffic pollution and the development of IPF.

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer’s Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau-Ren Jung ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Bing-Fang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hazards Model

Several studies with animal research associate air pollution in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology, but the actual impact of air pollution on the risk of AD is unknown. Here, this study investigates the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and newly diagnosed AD in Taiwan. We conducted a cohort study of 95,690 individuals’ age ≥ 65 during 2001–2010. We obtained PM10 and O3 data from Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency during 2000–2010. Since PM2.5 data is only accessible entirely after 2006, we used the mean ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 during 2006–2010 (0.57) to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2005. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between O3 and PM2.5 at baseline and changes of O3 and PM2.5 during the follow-up period and AD. The adjusted HR for AD was weakly associated with a raised concentration in O3 at baseline per increase of 9.63 ppb (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.12). Further, we estimated a 211% risk of increase of AD per increase of 10.91 ppb in O3 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.92–3.33). We found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 μg/m3 in PM2.5 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.21–2.56). These findings suggest long-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5 above the current US EPA standards are associated with increased the risk of AD.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Particulate Matter Exposure and Incidence of Arrhythmias: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Jeonggyu Kang ◽  
Yun Soo Hong ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Atrial Contraction ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Association

Background Studies have shown that short‐term exposure to air pollution is associated with cardiac arrhythmia hospitalization and mortality. However, the relationship between long‐term particulate matter air pollution and arrhythmias is still unclear. We evaluate the prospective association between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and the risk of incident arrhythmia and its subtypes. Methods and Results Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort study of 178 780 men and women who attended regular health screening exams in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea, from 2002 to 2016. Exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10 and ≤2.5 μm (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively) was estimated using a land‐use regression model. The associations between long‐term PM air pollution and arrhythmia were examined using pooled logistic regression models with time‐varying exposure and covariables. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) for any arrhythmia associated with a 10 μg/m 3 increase in 12‐, 36‐, and 60‐month PM 10 exposure were 1.15 (1.09, 1.21), 1.12 (1.06, 1.18), and 1.14 (1.08, 1.20), respectively. The ORs with a 10 μg/m 3 increase in 12‐ and 36‐month PM 2.5 exposure were 1.27 (1.15, 1.40) and 1.10 (0.99, 1.23). PM 10 was associated with increased risk of incident bradycardia and premature atrial contraction. PM 2.5 was associated with increased risk of incident bradycardia and right bundle‐branch block. Conclusions In this large cohort study, long‐term exposure to outdoor PM air pollution was associated with increased risk of arrhythmia. Our findings indicate that PM air pollution may be a contributor to cardiac arrhythmia in the general population.

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