scholarly journals Genetic characterization of nodular worm infections in Asian Apes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Yalcindag ◽  
Peter Stuart ◽  
Hideo Hasegawa ◽  
Adrian Streit ◽  
Jana Doležalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time

AbstractParasitic nematodes of Oesophagostomum spp., commonly known, as 'nodular worms' are emerging as the most widely distributed and prevalent zoonotic nematodes. Oesophagostomum infections are well documented in African non-human primates; however, the taxonomy, distribution and transmission of Oesophagostomum in Asian non-human primates are not adequately studied. To better understand which Oesophagostomum species infect Asian non-human primates and determine their phylogeny we analysed 55 faecal samples from 50 orangutan and 5 gibbon individuals from Borneo and Sumatra. Both microscopy and molecular results revealed that semi-wild animals had higher Oesophagostomum infection prevalence than free ranging animals. Based on sequence genotyping analysis targeting the Internal transcribed spacer 2 of rDNA, we report for the first time the presence of O. aculeatum in Sumatran apes. Population genetic analysis shows that there is significant genetic differentiation between Bornean and Sumatran O. aculeatum populations. Our results clearly reveal that O. aculeatum in free-ranging animals have a higher genetic variation than those in semi-wild animals, demonstrating that O. aculeatum is circulating naturally in wildlife and zoonotic transmission is possible. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the epidemiology and dynamics of Oesophagostomum transmission between humans, non-human primates and other wild species and livestock in Southeast Asia.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Natural Infection of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum Interspecific Hybrids) by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2598-2605
Author(s):  
Dario Di Genova ◽  
Kippy J. Lewis ◽  
Jonathan E. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
First Time

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is an emerging insect-vectored, xylem-limited bacterium that can cause disease on several economically important fruit and tree crops including almond, blueberry, citrus, grapevine, peach, and pecan. On blueberry, Xf causes bacterial leaf scorch (BLS), which is prevalent in the southeastern United States. This disease, previously reported to be caused by Xf subsp. multiplex (Xfm), can result in rapid plant decline and death of southern highbush (SHB) blueberry cultivars. In 2017, a survey of blueberry plantings in southern Georgia (U.S.A.) confirmed the presence of Xf-infected plants in eight of nine sites examined, and seven isolates were cultured from infected plants. Genetic characterization of these isolates through single-locus and multilocus sequence analysis revealed that three isolates from two sites belonged to Xf subsp. fastidiosa (Xff), with significant similarity to isolates from grapevine. After these three isolates were artificially inoculated onto greenhouse-grown SHB blueberries (cv. ‘Rebel’), symptoms typical of BLS developed, and Xff infection was confirmed through genetic characterization and reisolation of the bacterium to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Because all previously reported Xf isolates from blueberry have been characterized as Xfm, this is the first time that isolation of Xff has been reported from naturally infected blueberry plantings. The potential impact of Xff isolates on disease management in blueberry requires further exploration. Furthermore, given that isolates from both Xfm and Xff were obtained within a single naturally infected blueberry planting, blueberry in southern Georgia may provide opportunities for intersubspecific recombination between Xff and Xfm isolates.

scholarly journals Detection and Genetic Characterization of Viruses Present in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards Using Next-Generation Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örjan Johansson ◽  
Karin Ullman ◽  
Purevjav Lkhagvajav ◽  
Marc Wiseman ◽  
Jonas Malmsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Snow Leopards ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Generation Sequencing

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus distantly related to the marine mammal-infecting aquamaviruses in a long-distance migrant bird species, European roller (Coracias garrulus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Boros ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Orsolya Kiss ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Coracias Garrulus ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
European Roller ◽  
Migrant Bird

Despite the continuously growing number of known avian picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae), knowledge of their genetic diversity in wild birds, especially in long-distance migrant species is very limited. In this study, we report the presence of a novel picornavirus identified from one of 18 analysed faecal samples of an Afro-Palearctic migrant bird, the European roller (Coracias garrulus L., 1758), which is distantly related to the marine-mammal-infecting seal aquamavirus A1 (genus Aquamavirus). The phylogenetic analyses and the low sequence identity (P1 26.3 %, P2 25.8 % and P3 28.4 %) suggest that this picornavirus could be the founding member of a novel picornavirus genus that we have provisionally named ‘Kunsagivirus’, with ‘Greplavirus A’ (strain roller/SZAL6-KuV/2011/HUN, GenBank accession no. KC935379) as the candidate type species.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Equine Piroplasms Using Multiplex PCR and First Genetic Characterization of Theileria haneyi in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Bassma S. M. Elsawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Nassar ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Raksha V. Bhoora ◽  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
First Time

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is an infectious disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasites Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and the recently identified species T. haneyi. Hereby, we used a multiplex PCR (mPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi for the simultaneous detection of EP in Egyptian equids and examined the presence of T. haneyi infections in Egypt. Blood samples from 155 equids (79 horses and 76 donkeys) collected from different governorates of Egypt were examined by mPCR and PCR targeting T. hayeni. The mPCR method revealed a prevalence of T. equi of 20.3% in horses and of 13.1% in donkeys and a prevalence of B. caballi of 1.2% in horses. B. caballi was not detected in donkeys in the current study. The mPCR method also detected coinfections with both species (2.5% and 1.3% in horses and donkeys, respectively). Additionally, we report the presence of T. haneyi in Egypt for the first time in 53.1% of the horse and 38.1% of the donkey tested samples. Coinfection with T. haneyi and T. equi was found in 13.5% of the samples, while infection with the three EP species was found in 1.9% of the samples.

scholarly journals Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia R. Galea ◽  
Davide Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

This study reports on 25 species of hydroids occurring in the collections gathered during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions carried out in the SE of New Caledonia in 2016, and off the western coast of the island in 2017, respectively. Of these, 19 have not been dealt with in earlier reports on these collections. Two new genera and four new species are described, viz, Actinopluma mirifica Galea gen. et sp. nov., provisionally assigned to the family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921, Schizoplumularia helicoidalis sp. nov., belonging to the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859, and Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov. and Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., both placed in the family Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The gonotheca and the medusoid gonophore of Plumularia contraria Ansín Agís et al., 2014 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Dentitheca Stechow, 1919, as D. contraria comb. nov. Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913, known earlier from a minute portion of colony, is redescribed based on a complete, though infertile, specimen. Similarly, complete specimens corresponding to the hydroid previously referred to as Antennella megatheca Ansín Agís et al., 2009 are documented, allowing a provisional reallocation to Corhiza Millard, 1962 and a description of its so far unknown gonothecae. Fertile material assignable to the poorly-known Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905 allows the recognition of this hydroid as a valid species, distinct from M. quadridens (McCrady, 1859). Most taxa are illustrated to validate the reliability of their identifications. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions of the families Aglaopheniidae, Plumulariidae, and Halopterididae, based on the 16S rRNA, allowed a first genetic characterization of some of the species dealt with in this work.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from wild animals in Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China-Zoonotic potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanyu Chen ◽  
Wangyu Meng ◽  
Ziyao Zhou ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Xiaogang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Blastocystis, a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite, has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many animals are potential sources of Blastocystis infection for humans, while few information about the prevalence of Blastocystis in wild animals have being documented. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in wild animals of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China, so as to assess the zoonotic potential of these animals. Methods A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from 27 wildlife species in three areas of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve in southwestern China. The subtype (ST) genetic characteristics and prevalence of Blastocystis were determined by PCR amplification of the barcode region (a fragment of ∼600 bp) of the SSU rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis were further performed to determine the genetic characteristics of Blastocystis subtypes. Results 30 of 300 faecal samples (10.0%) were Blastocystis-positive. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in Yinchanggou (18.3%), which was significantly higher than that in Niutoushan (7.5%), and Genda (5.5%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in primates (20.0%, 1/5), followed by rodentia 14.3% (1/7), artiodactyla 13.1% (26/198), carnivora 2.3% (2/87), galliformes 0% (0/3). Sequence analysis showed 5 subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST13, and ST14), with ST13 and ST14 as the predominant subtype (33.3%, 10/30), followed by ST1 (20.0%, 6/30). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular investigation on Blastocystis infection in wild animals in southwestern of China. ST1, ST3, and ST5 were identified in both humans and wild animals, suggesting that these wild animals may be potential reservoirs of Blastocystis for human infection.

Genetic characterization of Spermophagus niger (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae: Amblycerini) pest associated to seeds of Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Burkina Faso

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-14
Author(s):  
Jean Christophe Koussoubé ◽  
Fatimata Mbaye ◽  
Cheikh Abdou Khadre Mbacké Dia ◽  
Mbacké Sembène ◽  
Antoine Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

In Burkina Faso, the seeds of sorrel, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are attacked by a pest identified morphologically as Spermophagus niger which is maintained all year on seeds and causing considerable damages. In the current study, for the first time, genetic characterization for S. niger was performed to determine its genetic identity and place it in its phyletic group. Mitochondrial gene, the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of the pest was partially sequenced after extraction and amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Then the variability of genetic parameters namely the number of polymorphic and monomorphic sites, the frequencies of the different nucleotides and amino acid composition were determined. The nucleotide sequence of S. niger ob-tained was submitted in Genbank and the accession number is KU710716. Nucleotide sequences of S. niger obtained and those of different species of Spermophagus and Z. subfasciatus available in the GenBank database, we determined the percentage of similarity on the one hand and kinship through Phylogenetics reconstructions on the other hand. The results showed the absence of polymorphic sites for 406 sites obtained with 36.5% of thymine, 17.5% of cytosine, adenine 31% and 15% of guanine. Leucine was the majority amino acid (14.50%); the lysine was minority amino acid (0.76%) and cysteine was absent. The percentage of similarity obtained and phylogenetics reconstructions showed that S. niger is very close to the different species of Spermophagus particularly S. drak and different from Z. sub-fasciatus.

The genus Phyllophorella (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) on the central coast of Peru, range extensions and anatomical description of the female gametophyte and carposporophyte

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 443 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
NATALIA ARAKAKI ◽  
MELISSA PEREZ-ALANIA ◽  
FLORENCE TELLIER ◽  
PATRICIA GIL-KODAKA ◽  
MARIA ELIANA RAMIREZ
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Family ◽  
Carpogonial Branch ◽  
First Time

Phyllophorella was recently described from two localities on the central coast of Peru (12°S), based on the endemic species Phyllophora (Ph.) peruviana. The genus currently accommodates three species, Phyllophorella (P.) peruviana, P. humboldtiana and P. limaensis. Recent field surveys for Phyllophorella on the central coast of Peru led to the discovery of collections outside the originally reported ranges. Morphological, anatomical, and genetic characterization of the specimens confirms range extensions for P. peruviana to 9° S and 15° S, and P. humboldtiana to 12° S and 15° S. A combined phylogenetic analysis of rbcL and COI-5P gene sequences supports the taxonomic status of these two species and reasserts the genus as monophyletic. Anatomically, the two species differ in nemathecial structure. Phyllophorella peruviana displays dome-shaped and well-defined circular nemathecia, whereas in P. humboldtiana they are irregular and diffuse in form. Mature cystocarps were observed for the first time in Phyllophorella, in P. humboldtiana from Lima and Ica, Peru. Phyllophorella, as well as the other genera classified to the family Phyllophoraceae, have a procarpic sexual system, with a carpogonial branch of three cells; the cystocarp develops a thickened cortex, is immersed in the medulla, and lacks a pericarp and an ostiole. This study demonstrates that field work, together with morphological, developmental, and genetic analyses, are useful methods for improving our understanding of seaweed distributions and systematics.

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