scholarly journals Potential adverse drug events and its predictors among hospitalized patients at medical center in Ethiopia: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiru Sahilu ◽  
Mestawet Getachew ◽  
Tsegaye Melaku ◽  
Tadesse Sheleme ◽  
Duresa Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contributing Factors

AbstractPotential adverse drug event (PADE) is a medication error with the potential to cause associate degree injury however that does not cause any injury, either due to specific circumstances, chance, or as a result of the error being intercepted and corrected. This study aimed to assess the incidence, contributing factors, predictors, severity, and preventability of PADEs among hospitalized adult patients at Jimma Medical Center. A prospective observational study was conducted among hospitalized adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors predicting PADE occurrence. P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. A total of 319 patients were included. About 50.5% of them were females. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 43 ± 17.6 years. Ninety-four PADEs were identified. Number of medications (adjusted OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.01–13.05; p = 0.001), anticoagulants (adjusted OR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.22–5.19; p = 0.013), anti-seizures (adjusted OR = 21.96; 95% CI: 6.57–73.39; p < 0.0001), anti-tuberculosis (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.002–4.59, p = 0.049), and Elixhauser comorbidity Index ≤ 15 (adjusted OR = 6.24; 95% CI: 1.48–26.25, p = 0.013) were independent predictors of PADEs occurrence. About one-third of patients admitted to the hospital experienced PADEs.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: A prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinet Abebe ◽  
Kabaye Kumela ◽  
Maekel Belay ◽  
Bezie Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
P Value

Abstract BackgroundAcute kidney injury is a major global public health problem occur both in community and hospital settings. It is expensive to manage, prolongs hospitalization and associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality. We aim to evaluate the clinical outcome and predictors of AKI in a single center hospitalized patients.MethodA hospital based prospective observational study was employed. Patients were recruited using consecutive sampling technique after informed consent was secured from all patients. Data was cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi-data software version 4.4.2 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality. Statistical significance was considered at p-value of less than 0.05.ResultA total of 203 patients were enrolled over five months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males and 58(28.6%) aged greater than 60. Most common causes of AKI were; Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51 (25.11%), Sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in hospital mortality was 12.8%. Stage3 AKI (AHR = 9.61, 95%CI: 1.17–28.52, p = 0.035), duration of AKI (AHR = 7.04, 95% CI: 1.37–36.08, p = 0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.73 p = 0.012) and hyperkalemia (AHR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.12–11.71, p = 0.032) were significantly associated with in hospital mortality.ConclusionAcute kidney injury was associated with a significant five month in hospital mortality. Most of causes of AKI are preventable and patients would have been benefited from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Blindness among Adult Patients Attending Eye Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in South East, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
O. A. I. Otuka ◽  
N. C. Ekeleme ◽  
E. N. Akaraiwe ◽  
E. C. Iwuoha ◽  
L. I. Eweputanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Eye Clinic

Background: Low vision and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. They result in educational, occupational, and social challenges in the affected persons. Their care givers/ families are also severely affected. There is however limited data on the magnitude of visual impairment in Aba, South East Nigeria. Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness among adult patients attending eye clinic in a tertiary hospital in South East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was an institutional-based retrospective, descriptive study involving 457 patients who attended Abia State University Teaching Hospital eye clinic between April and September 2018. Data was obtained from patient’s hospital records within the period under study and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of < 0.05. Results: Data of 457 ophthalmic patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study were analyzed. Mean age of respondents was 48.5 ± 17.7 years. A total 5.4% of the patients had bilateral low vision, while 30.2% and 7% had monocular and bilateral blindness respectively. Cataract-related diagnosis, refractive errors and glaucoma (28.4%, 28.2% and 14.7%) respectively were the major causes of low vision and blindness among the patients. Statistically significant association was found between respondent’s diagnosis and age as well as occupation (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results from this study will aid in planning low vision & blindness preventive programs and improving eye care services.

scholarly journals Ivermectin as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Healthcare Providers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka – An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tarek Alam ◽  
Rubaiul Murshed ◽  
Pauline Francisca Gomes ◽  
Zafor Md. Masud ◽  
Sadia Saber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: While multiple vaccines are undergoing clinical trial across the globe, we yearn for an FDA approved drug to protect us from the devastating pandemic for the time being. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Ivermectin when administered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19. Method: An observational study, with 118 healthcare providers who were enrolled purposively, was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Dhaka from May 2020 to August 2020. The subjects were divided into experimental and control groups; and the experimental group received an oral monthly dose of Ivermectin 12mg for 4 months. Both groups were exposed to COVID-19 positive patients admitted in the hospital during the course of study. The symptomatic subjects were evaluated by physical examination, COVID-19 RT-PCR and/or HRCT of chest. Differences between the variables were determined using the Chi-square test and the level of statistical significance was reached when p<0.05. Result: 73.3% (44 out of 60) subjects in control group were positive for COVID-19, whereas only 6.9% (4 out of 58) of the experimental group were diagnosed with COVID-19 (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Ivermectin, an FDA-approved, safe, cheap and widely available drug, should be subjected to large-scale trials all over the world to ascertain its effectiveness as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of lactic acidosis in children with acute moderate and severe asthma, a prospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ruman-Colombier ◽  
Isabelle Rochat Guignard ◽  
Ermindo R. Di Paolo ◽  
Mario Gehri ◽  
Jean-Yves Pauchard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Contributing Factors

Abstract Lactic acidosis is a common complication of status asthmaticus in adults. However, data is sparse in children. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lactic acidosis in children hospitalised for acute moderate or severe asthma. A total of 154 children 2–17 years of age were enrolled in a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital. All had capillary blood gas assessment 4 h after the first dose of salbutamol in hospital. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of lactic acidosis. Potential contributing factors such as age, sex, BMI, initial degree of asthma severity, type of salbutamol administration (nebuliser or inhaler), steroids, ipratropium bromide, and glucose-containing maintenance fluid represented secondary endpoints. All in all, 87% of patients had hyperlactatemia (lactate concentration > 2.2 mmol/l). Lactic acidosis (lactate concentration > 5 mmol/l and anion gap ≥ 16 mmol/l) was observed in 26%. In multivariate analysis, age more than 6 years (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.6), glycemia above 11 mmol/l (OR = 3.2 95% CI 1.4–7.4), and salbutamol administered by nebuliser (OR = 10, 95% CI 2.7–47) were identified as risk factors for lactic acidosis in children with moderate or severe asthma. Conclusion: Lactic acidosis is a frequent and early complication of acute moderate or severe asthma in children. What is Known:• Lactic acidosis during acute asthma is associated with b2-mimetics administration.• Salbutamol-related lactic acidosis is self-limited but important to recognise, as compensatory hyperventilation of lactic acidosis can be mistaken for respiratory worsening and lead to inappropriate supplemental bronchodilator administration.What is New:• Lactic acidosis is a frequent complication of acute asthma in the paediatric population.• Age older than 6 years, hyperglycaemia, and nebulised salbutamol are risk factors for lactic acidosis during asthma.

scholarly journals Drug-Related Problems and Associated Factors among Patients Admitted with Chronic Kidney Disease at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Prospective Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aster Wakjira Garedow ◽  
Eshetu Mulisa Bobasa ◽  
Amare Desalegn Wolide ◽  
Fantu Kerga Dibaba ◽  
Fanta Gashe Fufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Jimma University

Background. There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease prevalence globally associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major growing public health problems. Medication-related problems are common in hospitalized patients including chronic kidney disease and may lead to increase hospital stay and health care cost and augment the risk of morbidity and mortality. Objective. To determine prevalence of medication-related problems and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Methods. A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among 103 chronic kidney disease patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April to September 2018. Data regarding patient characteristics, medications, diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and laboratory results were collected through review of patients’ medical charts. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was utilized to assess the associations between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at p value <0.05. Results. Out of 103 chronic kidney disease patients, 81 (78.6%) of patients had MDRs, on average 1.94 ± 0.873 per patient. The rate of overall MRPs was 30.95 per 100 medication orders. The most common MRPs among CKD patients were need additional drug therapy (62 (31%)), nonadherence (40 (20%)), and dose too low (36 (18%)). The most common cause of need additional drug therapy (52 (26%)) was untreated medical conditions; nonadherence (19 (9.5%)) was mostly due to that the patient/caregiver forgets to take/give the medication, and dose too low (29 (14.5%)) was mostly due to that the dose is too low to produce the desired response. Polypharmacy (AOR = 4.695, 95% CI: 1.370–16.091), number of comorbidities (AOR = 3.616, 95% CI: 1.015–1.8741), and stage of CKD (AOR = 3.941, 95% CI: 1.221–12.715) were independent predictors for MRPs. Conclusions. We have demonstrated that medication-related problems are high among chronic kidney disease patients. Marital statuses, stage of CKD, polypharmacy, and comorbidity were independent predictors for MRPs. Interdisciplinary health professionals should work to decrease the high prevalence of MRPs among chronic kidney disease patients.

scholarly journals POS0441 DEVELOPMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AMONG ANTI-CITRULLINATED PROTEIN ANTIBODIES POSITIVE ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 449.1-449
Author(s):  
S. Mizuki ◽  
K. Horie ◽  
K. Imabayashi ◽  
K. Mishima ◽  
K. Oryoji
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Citrullinated Protein

Background:In the idividuals with genetic and enviromental risk factors, immune events at mucosal surfaces occur and may precede systemic autoimmunity. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are present in the serum for an average of 3-5 years prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during an asymptomatic period. In ACPA-positivite individuals, the additional presence of RA-related risk factors appears to add significant power for the development of RA. To date, there have been few reports in which clinical courses of ACPA-positive asymptomatic individuals were investigated prospectively.Objectives:To observe the clinical time course of ACPA-positive healthy population for the development of RA.Methods:Healthy volunteers without joint pain or stiffness, who attended the comprehensive health screening of our hospital, were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The serum ACPA levels were quantified by Ig-G anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with levels > 4.4 U/mL considered positive. ACPA-positive subjects were followed by rheumatologists of our department clinically or a questionnaire sent by mail for screening to detect arthritis.Results:5,971 healthy individuals without joint symptons were included. Ninty-two (1.5%) were positive for ACPA. Of these, 19 (20.7%) developed RA and two were suspected as RA by mail questionnaire. Their average age were 58-years, and women were 68%. The average duration between the date of serum sampling and diagnosis was 10.7 months. ACPA-positive individuals who developed to RA had higher serum ACPA and Ig-M rheumatoid factor levels than ACPA-positive individuals who did not (P value by Mann-Whitney U test: 0.002, 0.005, respectively).Conclusion:Among ACPA-positive asymptomatic individuals, 20% developed RA. The higher titer of ACPA and Ig-M rheumatoid factor levels are risk factors for devoloping RA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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