Clinical outcome and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients Admitted to the Medical Ward of Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: A prospective Observational Study
Abstract BackgroundAcute kidney injury is a major global public health problem occur both in community and hospital settings. It is expensive to manage, prolongs hospitalization and associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality. We aim to evaluate the clinical outcome and predictors of AKI in a single center hospitalized patients.MethodA hospital based prospective observational study was employed. Patients were recruited using consecutive sampling technique after informed consent was secured from all patients. Data was cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi-data software version 4.4.2 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Cox regression model was fitted to identify predictors of mortality. Statistical significance was considered at p-value of less than 0.05.ResultA total of 203 patients were enrolled over five months. Out of this, 121(59.6%) were males and 58(28.6%) aged greater than 60. Most common causes of AKI were; Hypovolemia 99(48.77%), Glomerulonephritis 51 (25.11%), Sepsis 32(15.79%). The overall in hospital mortality was 12.8%. Stage3 AKI (AHR = 9.61, 95%CI: 1.17–28.52, p = 0.035), duration of AKI (AHR = 7.04, 95% CI: 1.37–36.08, p = 0.019), length of hospital stay (AHR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.73 p = 0.012) and hyperkalemia (AHR = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.12–11.71, p = 0.032) were significantly associated with in hospital mortality.ConclusionAcute kidney injury was associated with a significant five month in hospital mortality. Most of causes of AKI are preventable and patients would have been benefited from early identification and treatment of these reversible causes.