scholarly journals Relationship between ankle strength and range of motion and postural stability during single-leg quiet stance in trained athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Žiga Kozinc ◽  
Darjan Smajla ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anterior Posterior

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between strength of ankle plantar and dorsal flexors and range of motion (RoM), and body sway variables during single-leg quiet stance, in highly trained athletes. The participants for this study were young athletes from 9 disciplines (n = 655). Center of pressure (CoP) velocity, amplitude, and frequency were measured during single-leg quiet stance. Moreover, athletes were measured for passive ankle plantar flexion (PF) and dorsal flexion (DF) RoM, and for rate of torque development (RTD) in the 0–50 (RTD50) and 0–200 ms time windows (RTD200). Ankle strength and RoM could not predict CoP velocity total, anterior–posterior (AP), and medial–lateral (ML) (p > 0.05). However, PFRTD50 and PFRoM and PFRoM positively influenced CoP amplitude in ML direction (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.10). Moreover, CoP frequency in ML direction significantly increased with lower PFRTD50, DFRTD50, DFRTD200, PFRoM, and DFRoM (p < 0.05). We have demonstrated that ankle strength and RoM were related to single-leg quiet stance postural balance in trained athletes. The ankle RoM showed the greatest influence on CoP variables in ML directions.

Individual Differences, Auditory Imagery, and the Coordination of Body Movements and Sounds in Musical Ensembles

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Keller ◽  
Mirjam Appel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The Role of Anticipatory Auditory Imagery in musical ensemble performance was investigated by examining the relationship between individual differences in auditory imagery and temporal coordination in piano duos. Vividness of imagery for upcoming sounds was assessed in 14 pianists using a task that required the production of rhythmic sequences with or without auditory feedback. Ensemble coordination was assessed by examining temporal relations between body movements (recorded by a motion capture system) and sound onsets (triggered by key strokes on two MIDI pianos) in seven duos playing two contrasting pieces with or without visual contact. Sound synchrony was found to be related to anterior-posterior body sway coordination in a manner that depended upon leader/follower relations between pianists assigned to 'primo' and 'secondo' parts. Furthermore, the quality of coordination, which was not affected markedly by whether pianists were in visual contact, was correlated with individual differences in anticipatory auditory imagery. These findings suggest that auditory imagery facilitates interpersonal coordination by enhancing the operation of internal models that simulate one's own and others' actions during ensemble performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Leg Preference on Transient Characteristics of Body Sway During Single-Leg Stance: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žiga Kozinc ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transient Characteristics ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Additional Information

Instrumented assessments of quiet-stance postural control typically involve recording and analyzing of body sway signal, most often the center of pressure (CoP) movement. It has been recently suggested that transient characteristics of body sway may offer additional information regarding postural control. In this study, we explored the relationship between whole-trial estimates of body sway (CoP velocity, amplitude, and frequency) and corresponding transient behavior indexes, as well as the effects of leg preference. A total of 705 healthy young athletes performed 30 s single-leg body sway trials for both legs. It was found that the transient characteristics of the body sway (expressed as relative differences between individual time intervals within the trial) are in negligible or weak correlation (r ≤ 0.26) with the corresponding variables, averaged across the whole trial. All CoP variables showed transient characteristics, reflected in statistically significant decrease (CoP velocity and amplitude) or increase (CoP frequency) throughout the trial. The preferred leg showed smaller body sway; however, the effect sizes were very small. Moreover, differences between the legs were also noted in terms of transient characteristics of body sway. In particular, the preferred leg showed earlier reduction in anterior–posterior body sway and larger reduction in medial–lateral body sway. Further studies should focus on examining the clinical utility of indexes of transient behavior of body sway, for instance, their sensitivity to aging-related changes and risk of falling.

Contribution of Vision to Balance in Children Four to Eight Years of Age

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha L. Casselbrant ◽  
Ellen M. Mandel ◽  
Patrick J. Sparto ◽  
Mark S. Redfern ◽  
Joseph M. Furman
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objectives: The use of sensory feedback for postural control develops throughout childhood. The aim of this study was to determine how children use cues from anterior-posterior optic flow for balance from 4 to 8 years of age. Methods: One hundred forty-eight children were enrolled. The subjects had yearly otologic and posturographic examinations between the ages of 4 and 8 years. Balance was assessed only if the subject had no evidence of middle ear effusion. The subject stood for 30 seconds with eyes open without optic flow and for 30 seconds while viewing 0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 Hz anterior-posterior optic flow. The center of pressure (COP) was recorded from the force platform. The root-mean-square of the COP during the periods of quiet stance and with optic flow was computed. Results: The root-mean-square COP was significantly larger during the optic flow stimulation as compared with during quiet stance. The subjects had a significant decrease in COP during optic flow from year 5 to year 6 of life (p = 005). Conclusions: A change in the response to optic flow was seen from age 5 to age 6. This change is consistent with transitional changes in postural responses that have been observed during quiet standing.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ankle Range of Motion (ROM), Muscle Strength, Balance, and Fall Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Haripriya S ◽  
Veena K. R. Bhagavan ◽  
Naina Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
Impaired Balance ◽  
The Relationship

Menopause is an age-dependent physiological condition associated with a natural decline in estrogen levels, which causes a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength, and bone density. Estrogen deficiency occurring during menopause will affect both the gynecological area and the whole body which will directly act on skeletal muscle through estrogen receptors. Although various factors are associated with falls in menopausal women, impaired balance and mobility have been consistently identified as the main risk factors. Identification of the factors associated with balance and fall risk may enable therapists to design treatments to help reduce the risk of falls and the consequences. Since the impact of impaired balance and fall risk among postmenopausal women is undefined. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between ankle range of motion and muscle strength with balance and fall risk in post-menopausal women. The ankle ROM and muscle strength were examined by using a universal goniometer and push-pull hand-held dynamometer respectively; the balance was assessed by Y balance test (YBT) and fall risk was measured by Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between ankle ROM, ankle strength, balance, and fall risk among postmenopausal women which showed a low positive correlation between the ankle ROM and YBT whereas a moderate positive correlation between the ankle strength and YBT which was statistically significant. The correlation between FES-I and ankle ROM and ankle strength were high and moderate respectively which was also statistically significant. Keywords: Postmenopausal women, ankle range of motion, ankle strength, balance, fall risk, YBT

The Role of Ankle Strength in Functional Ankle Instability

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. McKnight ◽  
Charles W. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ankle Strength

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any differences in ankle range of motion, strength, or work between persons with normal ankles (Normal,n= 14), those with functional ankle instability (FAI,n= 15), and those with a history of FAI who have been through formal proprioceptive rehabilitation (Rehab,n= 14). A second puipose was to determine normative values for ankle strength and work measurements using the Biodex® isokinetic system. There were no significant differences between groups for ankle range of motion or for any strength or work measurements. The overall strength/work averages were 11.75/3.42 for plantar flexion, 339/1.48 for dorsiflexion, 3.30/2.40 for inversion, and 2.62/1.79 for eversion. Dorsiflexion torque overall was 31.43% of plantar flexion, and the evertors produced 75.42% of the torque produced by the invertors. It is recommended that clinicians continue to rehabilitate ankles with strength and proprioceptive exercises but do not rely on ankle strength/work testing as the only criteria for determining an athlete's readiness to return to full activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Plantar Flexor Muscles Fatigue on Postural Control during Quiet Stance and External Perturbation in Healthy Subjects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Rojhani-Shirazi ◽  
Z Amiri ◽  
S Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Plantar Flexor Muscles ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: The maintenance of postural control is a key component in dynamic physical activity, especially during muscle fatigue and against external forces. Despite many studies in this field, there is no consensus regarding the effects of plantar flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during different postural tasks.Objective: To evaluate the effects of plantar flexor muscles fatigue on postural control during quiet stance and external perturbation in healthy subjects.Methods: Twenty four healthy individuals (20-35 years) participated this interventional study. The foot center of pressure data was measured using a single force platform, and then the postural control parameters, including the center of pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral direction and also path length calculated under two conditions; quiet and perturbed stance, before and after plantar flexor muscles fatigue.Results: The statistical analysis demonstrated that mean displacement and velocity of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior direction and also path length increased after the fatigue protocol in the perturbed condition. However, fatigue had no significant effects on postural control parameters in the quiet standing condition.Conclusion: These results indicated that the effects of muscle fatigue on postural control depend on the difficulty of the task and the relevance of proprioceptive information. The postural control system appears to use distinct control strategies in different situations such as quiet and perturbed stance conditions, and these strategies may be differentially altered by fatigue. In conclusion, due to the potential risk of loss of balance, it is important to take the role of plantar flexor muscle fatigue into account during more difficult postural tasks.

scholarly journals Reply to “Comment on ‘The Impact of Recent Forcing and Ocean Heat Uptake Data on Estimates of Climate Sensitivity’”

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lewis ◽  
Judith Curry
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Ocean Heat Uptake ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCowtan and Jacobs assert that the method used by Lewis and Curry in 2018 (LC18) to estimate the climate system’s transient climate response (TCR) from changes between two time windows is less robust—in particular against sea surface temperature bias correction uncertainty—than a method that uses the entire historical record. We demonstrate that TCR estimated using all data from the temperature record is closely in line with that estimated using the LC18 windows, as is the median TCR estimate using all pairs of individual years. We also show that the median TCR estimate from all pairs of decade-plus-length windows is closely in line with that estimated using the LC18 windows and that incorporating window selection uncertainty would make little difference to total uncertainty in TCR estimation. We find that, when differences in the evolution of forcing are accounted for, the relationship over time between warming in CMIP5 models and observations is consistent with the relationship between CMIP5 TCR and LC18’s TCR estimate but fluctuates as a result of multidecadal internal variability and volcanism. We also show that various other matters raised by Cowtan and Jacobs have negligible implications for TCR estimation in LC18.

scholarly journals Reliability of Bi-Axial Ankle Stiffness Measurement in Older Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Hogene Kim ◽  
Sangwoo Cho ◽  
Hwiyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Ankle Stiffness ◽  
Ankle Movement ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study involves measurements of bi-axial ankle stiffness in older adults, where the ankle joint is passively moved along the talocrural and subtalar joints using a custom ankle movement trainer. A total of 15 elderly individuals participated in test–retest reliability measurements of bi-axial ankle stiffness at exactly one-week intervals for validation of the angular displacement in the device. The ankle’s range of motion was also compared, along with its stiffness. The kinematic measurements significantly corresponded to results from a marker-based motion capture system (dorsi-/plantar flexion: r = 0.996; inversion/eversion: r = 0.985). Bi-axial ankle stiffness measurements showed significant intra-class correlations (ICCs) between the two visits for all ankle movements at slower (2.14°/s, ICC = 0.712) and faster (9.77°/s, ICC = 0.879) speeds. Stiffness measurements along the talocrural joint were thus shown to have significant negative correlation with active ankle range of motion (r = −0.631, p = 0.012). The ankle movement trainer, based on anatomical characteristics, was thus used to demonstrate valid and reliable bi-axial ankle stiffness measurements for movements along the talocrural and subtalar joint axes. Reliable measurements of ankle stiffness may help clinicians and researchers when designing and fabricating ankle-foot orthosis for people with upper-motor neuron disorders, such as stroke.

scholarly journals A Scoring System for Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Ossification of the Lumbar Spine in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis: Relationship Between the Extent of Ligament Ossification and the Range of Motion

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822199668
Author(s):  
Yusuke Murakami ◽  
Tadao Morino ◽  
Masayuki Hino ◽  
Hiroshi Misaki ◽  
Hiroshi Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis ◽  
Disc Height ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Height ◽  
The Relationship

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the extent of ligament ossification and the range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine and develop a new scoring system. Methods: Forty-three patients (30 men and 13 women) with lumbar spinal canal stenosis who underwent decompression from January to December 2018. Ligament ossification at L1/2 to L5/S was assessed on plain X-ray (Xp) and computed tomography (CT) using a modified Mata scoring system (0 point: no ossification, 1 point: ossification of less than half of the intervertebral disc height, 2 points: ossification of half or more of the intervertebral disc height, 3 points: complete bridging), and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the scoring was assessed. The relationship of the scores with postoperative lumbar ROM was investigated. Result: Intra-rater reliability was high (Cronbach’s α was 0.74 for L5/S on Xp but 0.8 or above for other sections), as was inter-rater reliability (Cronbach’s α was 0.8 or above for all the segments). ROM significantly decreased as the score increased (scores 1 to 2, and 2 to 3). A significant moderate negative correlation was found between the sum of the scores at L1/2-L5/S and the ROM at L1-S (ρ = − 0.4493, P = 0.025). Conclusion: Our scoring system reflects lumbar mobility and is reproducible. It is effective for assessing DISH in fractures and spinal conditions, and monitoring effects on treatment outcomes and changes over time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ankle Mobility Loss in Patients Undergoing Subtalar Arthrodesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0011
Author(s):  
Tiago S. Baumfeld ◽  
Roberto Zambelli de A. Pinto ◽  
Fernando Araujo S. Lopes ◽  
Daniel Baumfeld ◽  
Camilo Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Subtalar Arthrodesis ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Ankle Mobility ◽  
Dorsal Flexion

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Objective: To evaluate and quantify the loss of ankle mobility in patients undergoing subtalar arthrodesis compared to the contralateral side, through physical examination. Methods: A total of 12 patients who had only the subtalar arthrodesis procedure from various causes in one foot were selected. The same foot and ankle surgeon performed all measurements of bilateral tibiotarsal range of motion, with loaded closed-chain and unloaded open-chain tests. Then, to assess whether there was a difference between the operated and the non-operated side, statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney test (Hollander and Wolfe 1999). Results: On the loaded closed-chain test, the operated side had a significantly lower range of motion than the contralateral side, with a mean difference of 5.4 degrees for dorsal flexion and 7.6 degrees for plantar flexion. The open-chain tests showed non- significant differences of 3 degrees for dorsal flexion and 5.3 degrees for plantar flexion. Conclusion: Subtalar joint arthrodesis was shown to cause a loss of mobility in the ipsilateral ankle, which is greater in plantar flexion movement.

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