scholarly journals Environment driven oscillation in an off-lattice May–Leonard model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bazeia ◽  
M. J. B. Ferreira ◽  
B. F. de Oliveira ◽  
A. Szolnoki
Keyword(s):  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
State Of The Environment

AbstractCyclic dominance of competing species is an intensively used working hypothesis to explain biodiversity in certain living systems, where the evolutionary selection principle would dictate a single victor otherwise. Technically the May–Leonard models offer a mathematical framework to describe the mentioned non-transitive interaction of competing species when individual movement is also considered in a spatial system. Emerging rotating spirals composed by the competing species are frequently observed character of the resulting patterns. But how do these spiraling patterns change when we vary the external environment which affects the general vitality of individuals? Motivated by this question we suggest an off-lattice version of the tradition May–Leonard model which allows us to change the actual state of the environment gradually. This can be done by introducing a local carrying capacity parameter which value can be varied gently in an off-lattice environment. Our results support a previous analysis obtained in a more intricate metapopulation model and we show that the well-known rotating spirals become evident in a benign environment when the general density of the population is high. The accompanying time-dependent oscillation of competing species can also be detected where the amplitude and the frequency show a scaling law of the parameter that characterizes the state of the environment. These observations highlight that the assumed non-transitive interaction alone is insufficient condition to maintain biodiversity safely, but the actual state of the environment, which characterizes the general living conditions, also plays a decisive role on the evolution of related systems.

Statistical Analysis of Environmental Protection Expenditures in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
R. S. Gaysin ◽  
Yu. N. Romantseva ◽  
A. E. Ulyankin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
State Of The Environment

The topical relevance of this study lies in the current state of the environment in Russia. It is assessed as unfavorable, and this fact is recognized both by the scientific community and at the state level, which determines the need for an integrated study of costs aimed at protecting the environment and improving the ecological situation. One of the article’s objectives was to conduct an appropriate statistical analysis both for Russia as a whole and for selected regions. For that purpose, the volumes, structure, and dynamics of environmental protection expenditures and some factors affecting their value were comprehensively studied; the differentiation of the Russian regions by the level of expenditures was examined. The authors substantiated the areas of environmental protection based on econometric modeling.This study, in particular, revealed a fairly close relationship between economic growth and the generation of both production and consumption wastes. At the same time, it was established that the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is significantly lower than the growth in waste generation, which is explained by several reasons, including budgetary ones. This situation, in turn, was reflected in the ratio of environmental protection costs to GDP. The observed situation of a very slow reduction, stabilization or even growth of the negative impact of economic entities on the environment in a number of regions of the country and for specific indicators, as well as an increase in the generation of household waste (i.e. among the population), requires an adequate increase in the costs of enterprises and budgets of all levels aimed at environmental protection and rationalization of environmental management. This in principle leads to an increase in production costs and calls for a redistribution of budget expenditures from the production and social sphere to the environmental sector. The use of econometric modeling to highlight the factors that influence the level of costs by region has shown that their value depends primarily on the population density and the actual state of the environment.

scholarly journals Acute Lethal Toxicity Test of Cd2 + Against Gambusia (Gambusia affinis) and Influence on Protease Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Yuliana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Putu Utama ◽  
Moh. Awaluddin Adam
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Gambusia Affinis ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
State Of The Environment

Cadmium the form of undamaged elements but can change shape to different compounds. The low concentrations of toxic cadmium for all life, including plants, fish, birds, mammals (including humans), and microorganisms. The purpose of this research is to know the value of LC50-96 hours Cd2+ on test biota. The test biota was Gambusia fish (Gambusia affinis), the test biota can represented  the actual state of the environment. The study was divided into two stages, namely preliminary test and acute lethal toxicity (LC50-96 hours), each treatment repeated three times. Acute lethal toxicity test data were analyzed probit. The results showed that the value of LC50-96 hours Cd2+ to fish gambusia was 0.03 ppm. While in the protease activity of cadmium exposed preliminary fish increased activity from the control fish.

scholarly journals From Torque-Controlled to Intrinsically Compliant Humanoid Robots

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (06) ◽  
pp. S7-S11
Author(s):  
Christian Ott ◽  
Alexander Dietrich ◽  
Daniel Leidner ◽  
Alexander Werner ◽  
Johannes Englsberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legged Locomotion ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Autonomous Planning ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
State Of The Environment

This paper gives an overview of the advancements in humanoid robotics at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) over the last 10 years. The development started with focus on dexterous, bimanual manipulation with the wheel-based humanoid Rollin’ Justin and continued with legged locomotion on TORO. With Rollin’ Justin, the team aims to create a cognitive robotic system that can reason about compliant manipulation tasks, based on intelligent decisions according to the actual state of the environment. These humanoids are expected to can perform a multitude of complex tasks and hereby contributing to human welfare. Possible fields of use include service robotics, industrial co-workers, search and rescue, space applications, medical robotics, etc. The experts suggest that teleoperated scenarios are feasible in short term, developing in long term towards shared or even full autonomy. Still, advancements must be made in almost all areas, starting from mechatronic robustness, reliability and energy efficiency, over multimodal perception and control up to autonomous planning and Artificial Intelligence-based reasoning. Development of interaction interfaces and communication modalities to humans will play an increasingly key role in the future.

scholarly journals Phenomenology of meandering of a straight river

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Sk Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Subhasish Dey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Flow Discharge ◽  
Universal Scaling ◽  
Relative Roughness

In this study, at first, we analyse the linear stability of a straight river. We find that the natural perturbation modes maintain an equilibrium state by confining themselves to a threshold wavenumber band. The effects of river aspect ratio, Shields number and relative roughness number on the wavenumber band are studied. Then, we present a phenomenological concept to probe the initiation of meandering of a straight river, which is governed by the counter-rotational motion of neighbouring large-scale eddies in succession to create the processes of alternating erosion and deposition of sediment grains of the riverbed. This concept is deemed to have adequately explained by a mathematical framework stemming from the turbulence phenomenology to obtain a quantitative insight. It is revealed that at the initiation of meandering of a river, the longitudinal riverbed slope obeys a universal scaling law with the river width, flow discharge and sediment grain size forming the riverbed. This universal scaling law is validated by the experimental data obtained from the natural and model rivers.

scholarly journals The cyanobacterial circadian clock follows midday in vivo and in vitro

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Leypunskiy ◽  
Jenny Lin ◽  
Haneul Yoo ◽  
UnJin Lee ◽  
Aaron R Dinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Clock Cycle ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Biochemical Oscillator

Circadian rhythms are biological oscillations that schedule daily changes in physiology. Outside the laboratory, circadian clocks do not generally free-run but are driven by daily cues whose timing varies with the seasons. The principles that determine how circadian clocks align to these external cycles are not well understood. Here, we report experimental platforms for driving the cyanobacterial circadian clock both in vivo and in vitro. We find that the phase of the circadian rhythm follows a simple scaling law in light-dark cycles, tracking midday across conditions with variable day length. The core biochemical oscillator comprised of the Kai proteins behaves similarly when driven by metabolic pulses in vitro, indicating that such dynamics are intrinsic to these proteins. We develop a general mathematical framework based on instantaneous transformation of the clock cycle by external cues, which successfully predicts clock behavior under many cycling environments.

scholarly journals An Ultra-Wideband Sensing Board for Radio Frequency Front-End in IoT Transmitters

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Alessandra Petrocchi ◽  
Antonio Raffo ◽  
Gianni Bosi ◽  
Gustavo Avolio ◽  
Davide Resca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Wideband Sensing ◽  
State Of The Environment

The upcoming technologies related to Internet of Things will be characterized by challenging requirements oriented toward the most efficient exploitation of the energy in electronic systems. The use of wireless communications in these devices makes this aspect particularly important, since the performance of radio transceivers is strongly dependent on the environmental conditions affecting the antenna electrical characteristics. The use of circuits capable of adapting themselves to the actual state of the environment can be a valuable solution, provided that the implemented sensing features have negligible impact on the overall performance and cost of the system. In this work, we present the design and verification of an innovative ultra-wideband sensing board to detect real-time variations of the antenna impedance in transmitters oriented to Internet of Things applications. The proposed sensing board was widely validated by means of small- and large-signal measurements carried out at microwave frequencies.

scholarly journals Mentality issues in the transformation processes of the postmodernity society

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
A. S. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Internal Properties ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper deals with transforming social systems and their reflection in the concepts and models of the corresponding processes. A new approach to modelling and research of large social systems was proposed. The author emphasis's and describes qualitatively some aspects of the approach that are important for considering the transformation of society. The main feature of such systems is the following properties. Firstly, these systems operate in a small number of reasonably stable states. (In our approach, this is interpreted as so-called associative memory). Secondly, the evolution of such systems (actually, history for long periods) has an analogue in the learning process in models, when connections are established between the system elements. Furthermore, thirdly, the proposed approach was able to consider individuals’ internal properties (mentality) – participants in large social systems. New models of socio-economic systems are described, and an interpretation of their behaviour as trajectories on certain surfaces in the space of variables is given. The ways of transforming systems are explained: revolutionary, evolutionary and with a unique trajectory of transition. The classes are considered, into which the internal (mental) variables of individuals are divided. The internal representations of the individual from some slice of reality (in psychology, for example, this is called “internal plans”) are represented as a network of objects, concepts and the like, depending on the “object” and purpose of modelling. There are three networks (patterns, drawings) of descriptions: the actual state of affairs, presented in the form of a network; the state of things in the imagination of a particular individual and the desired (ideal) state of affairs in the imagination of a particular individual. The dynamics of changes in the parameters that characterize the individual depends on the state of the environment “externally” and on the “internal” mental variables and the above three ideas about the external environment. Adequate consideration of the external environment by representing and internal representations of surrounding individuals is possible. Such an approach is proposed when considering archetypes in the transformation of the social system. The problem of sustainable development of education and science systems is considered.

scholarly journals A Cloud Architecture for Managing IoT-aware Applications According to Knowledge Processing Rules

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Luigi Manco ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
Roberto Vergallo
Keyword(s):  
Actual State ◽  
Knowledge Processing ◽  
Smart Object ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
The Web

The Web of Things paradigm has represented a shift in the conjunction of the Internet of Things (IoT) with people, as it allows treating a smart object as a Web resource. While in a first phase the challenge was the physically management of smart objects, the current demand is to help users in profitably introducing IoT in their own daily life.The paper presents a software architecture for IoT systems able to manage the behaviour of involved IoT entities basing on knowledge processing tools. The main goal is informing the user of the occurrence of events of interest semantically determined starting from actual state of the environment. The architecture exploits the potentialities of the Web of Topics (WoX) approach, a conceptual model that simplifies the designing of IoT applications. Leveraging the WoX approach, the architecture introduces an innovative way to mine knowledge from IoT devices aside from any technological background, so that facing the intrinsic heterogeneity affecting IoT entities. The discussed architecture is composed by different modules integrated into an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), strongly decoupled and provided with RESTful-compliant web interfaces to communicate each other and with the external environment, according to a SOA structure. The paper shows how the system is able to receive data coming from sensors and to semantically interpret them by means of a series of business rules that act as knowledge processor.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic impact on the local ecosystems: the main factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Alla Ovcharenko ◽  
Liparit Badalyan ◽  
Svetlana Kucherenko ◽  
Alexey Lebedev ◽  
Khamzat Gazgireev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
State Of The Environment

The represented study aims to assess the technogenic impact on the human-transformed landscape on the example of one of the Russian Federation regions. The hydrocarbon fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the local area are proposed to use as the main indicators of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem. The research accents the neсessity of taking into account the motor vehicles’ negative impacts on the natural environment. The integrated application of suggested criteria allows assessing the actual state of the environment, to trace the correspondences between fuel consumption and the environmental pollution, and to formulate recommendations on the reduction of ecological and economic damage to the ecosystems.

scholarly journals Application of Mathematical Methods in Solving Practical Problems of Environmental Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Rusudan Managadze ◽  
◽  
Vera Abzianidze ◽  
Dimitri Abzianidze ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of The Environment

The authors of this article considered the question of the effectiveness of the application of mathematical methods in the analysis of ecological processes in the fourth issue of this journal for 2018. In the proposed article, the authors continue to develop this idea, considering the interaction of a person with the environment this time. The authors’ main attention is focused on showing the important role of mathematics in human interaction with the environment. It is known that anthropogenic objects (settlements, various industrial enterprises, transport, etc.), as a result of their functioning, have different kinds of effects on a person. To study these processes, there is a need for the development of sciences in order to predict the state of the environment and manage the processes of ecological balance in the geological environment, between nature and the technosphere (technogenic activities of people). Mathematicians play a decisive role in the study of these processes. However, the subject of research is invariably difficult, because the study requires the unification of interrelated processes of the most diverse nature. Note that the organization of these studies is very difficult, because the study of the anthropogenic influence of man on the environment requires combining the activities of a number of specialists in various fields. A specialist-interpreter, capable of creating a common language of research in these conditions, turns out to be a mathematician. Thus, mathematical theories arose naturally in the process of studying the surrounding world; mathematical theories are an essential part of our understanding of the world.

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