scholarly journals Shoot-soil ecological stoichiometry of alfalfa under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyun Lu ◽  
Hong Tian ◽  
Heshan Zhang ◽  
Junbo Xiong ◽  
Huimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
C And N

AbstractPlants and soil interactions greatly affect ecosystems processes and properties. Ecological stoichiometry is an effective means to explore the C, N, P correlation between plants and soil and the relationship between plant growth and nutrient supply. Serious soil erosion on China’s Loess Plateau has further barrenness the soil. Fertilization solves the problem of ecosystem degradation by improving soil fertility and regulating the ecological stoichiometric between soil and plants. No fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilization (N), phosphorus fertilization (P) and N and P combined fertilization (NP) treatments were set in an alfalfa grassland. Organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients and their stoichiometry were measured in shoot and soil. P and NP fertilization increased shoot C concentration (3.12%, 0.91%), and all fertilization decreased shoot N concentration (6.96%). The variation of shoot C and N concentrations resulted in a greater increase in shoot C:N under the fertilization treatment than that under CK (8.24%). Most fertilization treatments increased shoot P concentration (4.63%) at each cut, which induced a decrease of shoot C:P. Shoot N:P of most treatments were greater than 23, but it was lower under N and NP fertilization than that under CK. Fertilization only increased soil C in 2014, but had no effect on soil N. Soil P content was significantly higher under P fertilization in 2014 (34.53%), and all fertilization in the second cut of 2015 (124.32%). Shoot and soil C:P and N:P having the opposite changes to shoot and soil P, respectively. Our results suggest that the change of P after fertilization largely drove the changes of stoichiometric. The growth of alfalfa in the Loess Plateau was severely restricted by P. It is an effective method to increase the biomass of alfalfa by increasing the addition of N or NP fertilizer to alleviate P limitation.

scholarly journals Elevation Gradient Altered Soil C, N, and P Stoichiometry of Pinus taiwanensis Forest on Daiyun Mountain

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Lan Jiang ◽  
Zhongsheng He ◽  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Cong Xing ◽  
Xinguang Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P ◽  
C And N

Researches focused on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content and the stoichiometry characteristics along elevation gradients are important for effective management of forest ecosystems. Taking the soil of different elevations from 900 to 1700 m on Daiyun Mountain as the object, the elevation distribution of total C, N, and P in soil and their stoichiometry characteristics were studied. Also, the driving factors resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of soil stoichiometry are presented. The results show the following: (1) The average soil C and N content was 53.03 g·kg−1 and 3.82 g·kg−1, respectively. The content of C and N at high elevation was higher than that of at low elevation. Soil phosphorus fluctuated with elevation. (2) With increasing elevation, soil C:N ratio increased initially to 17.40 at elevation between 900–1000 m, and then decreased to 12.02 at elevation 1600 m. The changing trends of C:P and N:P were similar, and they all fluctuated with elevation. (3) Elevation, soil bulk density, and soil temperature were the main factors influencing the variation of soil C, N, and C:N. Soil pH and slope position were the driving factors for soil P, C:P, and N:P. The soil is rich in C and N, and has less total phosphorus on Daiyun Mountain. Raising the level of phosphate fertilizer appropriately can help to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth as well. In light of this information, in the near future, it will be necessary to conduct separation management of C, N, and P with regular monitoring systems to maintain favorable conditions for soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Vegetation Restoration on the Distribution of Nutrients, Glomalin-Related Soil Protein, and Enzyme Activity in Soil Aggregates on the Loess Plateau, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Qiao ◽  
Yuanze Li ◽  
Yahui Song ◽  
Jiaying Zhai ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Soil Protein

Research Highlights: Soil enzymes have a significant impact on the production of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), directly and indirectly affecting the nutrient metabolism balance, but there is little available information on ecological stoichiometry in soil aggregates. Background and Objectives: Vegetation restoration changes community structure and species composition in ecosystems, thus changing the physicochemical properties of soil. Soil aggregate is the most basic physical structure of the soil. Therefore, in order to understand dynamic changes in soil aggregate nutrients as vegetation restoration progresses, we set out to investigate the nutrient distribution and utilization in aggregates, and how enzymes respond to the nutrient changes in achieving a nutritional balance along successive stages of vegetation restoration. Materials and Methods: We collected and analyzed soil from plots representing six different stages of a vegetation restoration chronosequence (0, 30, 60, 100, 130, and 160 years) after farmland abandonment on the Loess Plateau, China. We investigated soil nutrient stoichiometry, GRSP, and enzyme stoichiometry in the different successional stages. Results: The results revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, enzyme activity, and GRSP increased with vegetation recovery age, but not total phosphorus, and not all enzymes reached their maximum in the climax forest community. The easily extractable GRSP/total GRSP ratio was the largest at the shrub community stage, indicating that glomalin degradation was the lowest at this stage. Ecological stoichiometry revealed N-limitation decreased and P-limitation increased with increasing vegetation restoration age. Soil enzymes had a significant impact on the GRSP production, directly and indirectly affecting nutrient metabolism balance. Conclusions: Further study of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to identify changes in their category and composition is needed for a better understanding of how soil enzymes affect their release of GRSP, in order to maintain a nutrient balance along successive stages of vegetation restoration.

scholarly journals Soil C, N, P and K stoichiometry affected by vegetation restoration patterns in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241859
Author(s):  
Ruosha Liu ◽  
Dongmei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
Soil Stoichiometry

The Grain-for-Green project is an important ecological restoration measure to address the degradation of alpine ecosystems in China, which has an important impact on the ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). However, soil stoichiometry changes under different vegetation restoration patterns and at different soil depths remain poorly understood in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. To clarify these soil stoichiometry changes, a 0–60 cm soil profile was sampled from two typical vegetation restoration patterns: grassland (GL) and forestland (FL), including Picea crassifolia (PC), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LR), Populus cathayana (PR) and Betula platyphylla (BP). The control was a wheat field (WF). In all soil layers, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil available nitrogen and potassium (AN and AK, respectively) and C:P, C:K, N:P and N:K ratios of FL were higher than those of GL and WF. The TN content and N:P and N:K ratios of GL were higher than those of WF in each soil layer. Additionally, the soil nutrients (except TK) of all vegetation types and stoichiometry of PR and GL (except the N:P ratio of GL) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–60 cm. Moreover, the SOC and TN showed the strongest correlation with the soil stoichiometry (except P:K ratio); thus, C and N had the greatest effect on the soil stoichiometry. Furthermore, soil fertility was limited by N. Our results indicated that different vegetation restoration patterns and soil depths had significant effects on the soil nutrients and stoichiometry in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. The recovery of farmland to forestland promoted better improvements of soil nutrients, and PR had the most significant positive effect on soil surface nutrients.

Contrasting responses of soil phosphatase activity to nitrogen and phosphorus loadings: Implications for phosphorus management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chen ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
Daryl Moorhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil C ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Soil Phosphatase

<p>Human activity has caused imbalances in nitrogen (+N) and phosphorus (+P) loadings of ecosystems around the world, causing widespread P limitation of many biological processes. Soil phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of P from a range of organic compounds, representing an important P acquisition pathway. Therefore, a better understanding of soil phosphatase activity as well as the underlying mechanisms to individual and combined N and P loadings could provide fresh insights for wise P management. Here we show, using a meta-analysis of 188 published studies and 1277 observations that +N significantly increased soil phosphatase activity by 14%, +P significantly repressed it by 30%, and +N+P led to non-significant responses of soil phosphatase activity. Responses of soil phosphatase activity to +N were positively correlated with soil C and N content, whereas the reverse relationships were observed for +P and +N+P. Similarly, effects of +N on soil phosphatase activity were positively related to microbial biomass C, microbial biomass C:P, and microbial biomass N:P, whereas reverse relationships were observed for +P. Although we found no clear relationship between soil pH and soil phosphatase activity, +N-induced reductions in soil pH were positively correlated with soil phosphatase activity. Our results underscore the integrated control of soil and microbial C, N and P stoichiometry on the responses of soil phosphatase activity to +N, +P, and +N+P, which can be used to optimize future P management.</p>

Planted forests intensified soil microbial metabolic nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on the Loess Plateau, China

CATENA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 105982
Author(s):  
Benshuai Yan ◽  
Mengcheng Duan ◽  
Runchao Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Furong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Soil Microbial
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