scholarly journals Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boqué ◽  
R. M. Valls ◽  
A. Pedret ◽  
F. Puiggrós ◽  
L. Arola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Relative Absorption

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the relative absorption of a new powder presentation of silicon (Si) as orthosilicic acid with maltodextrin (Orgono Powder) compared to usual Si liquid presentations as orthosilicic acid with Equisetum arvense and Rosmarinus officinalis (G5 Siliplant) and orthosilicic acid with aloe vera (G7 Aloe). All dietary supplements were administered at the same Si oral dose (21.6 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study conducted in 5 healthy men. Urine was collected at baseline and over the 6-h post-dose period in 2 separate 3-h collections for the analysis of Si concentration, which was conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as the gold standard method. No significant differences in total urinary Si excretion were found after the intake of these 3 dietary supplements; 34.6%, 32.4% and 27.2% of the ingested Si from G7 Aloe, G5 Siliplant and Orgono Powder, respectively, was excreted in urine over the 6-h follow-up period. The 3 different oral Si formulations tested, in powder and liquid presentations, provide highly bioavailable Si and present an equivalent relative absorption in healthy humans.

scholarly journals Silicon absorption and excretion is independent of age and sex in adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Supannee Sripanyakorn ◽  
Jonathan J. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Age And Sex

Host factors influencing the absorption and excretion of Si are poorly understood, although previous murine and human studies have suggested that age, sex and oestrogen status may affect Si metabolism and thus function. Here, serum and urine samples were collected from twenty-six healthy adults at baseline and over a 6 h period following ingestion of 17·4 mg Si (orthosilicic acid) and analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Fasting baseline serum and urinary Si concentrations were marginally higher in older adults (51–66 years old) compared with young adults (20–47 years old); however, there was no difference in the absorption of Si into serum (overall profile, rate of Si appearance, peak concentration and time to peak) between the different adult groups. The rate of elimination of Si from serum did not significantly differ with age or sex, although serum concentration at 6 h was higher in older adults and significantly correlated with age (r 0·5; P= 0·01). There were, however, no significant differences in the excretion of Si into urine (a proxy for overall uptake) between the groups, averaging approximately 45 %. Oestradiol levels did not correlate with any of the above measures of Si. Thus, overall, host age and sex did not appear to markedly influence Si absorption or excretion in human adults and no correlations were found with serum oestradiol status. The marginally higher baseline and 6 h post-dose Si levels in older adults may reflect modestly impaired renal function and/or the loss of Si from connective tissues with ageing.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Standardization and Physicochemical Characterization of Traditional Ayurvedic Marine Drug: Incinerated Conch Shell (Shankha Bhasma)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chavan ◽  
Sonali Tayade ◽  
Vidya Gupta ◽  
Vineeta Deshmukh ◽  
Sadanand Sardeshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Natural resources such as plants, animals and minerals have always been used by mankind to develop drugs and marine world is no exception. Marine by-products like conches, pearls, mother of pearl shells, corals and so forth have been used by traditional Ayurvedic practitioners for centuries. The unique methods of these preparations are scientifically designed to eliminate unwanted impurities and convert them into bioavailable form. In this study, Conch (Xanchus pyrum) was used as a marine resource of calcium carbonate and was converted pharmaceutically from its aragonite form to calcite. All the steps of preparations and changes in the properties therein were documented and validated. Further, traditional as well as modern analytical tools were used to study its physical and chemical characters to develop a monograph. The physical characterization included particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Metal composition and heavy metal limits were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICPOES). This study revealed the rearrangement of aragonite crystals into calcite form by grinding, trituration with aloe vera juice and incineration under controlled conditions. Moreover, the finished product was found to be devoid of organic matrix that is nacre. This study creates a foundation for the development of a master formula for commonly used Shankha Bhasma in Ayurvedic medicines.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Wightman ◽  
Philippa A. Jackson ◽  
Joanne Forster ◽  
Julie Khan ◽  
Julia C. Wiebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Healthy Humans

Extracts made from the leaves of the mango food plant (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) have a long history of medicinal usage, most likely due to particularly high levels of the polyphenol mangiferin. In rodent models, oral mangiferin protects cognitive function and brain tissue from a number of challenges and modulates cerebro-electrical activity. Recent evidence has confirmed the latter effect in healthy humans following a mangiferin-rich mango leaf extract using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). The current study therefore investigated the effects of a single dose of mango leaf extract, standardised to contain >60% mangiferin (Zynamite®), on cognitive function and mood. This study adopted a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design in which 70 healthy young adults (18 to 45 years) received 300 mg mango leaf extract and a matched placebo, on separate occasions, separated by at least 7 days. On each occasion, cognitive/mood assessments were undertaken pre-dose and at 30 min, 3 h and 5 h post-dose using the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessment battery and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The results showed that a single dose of 300 mg mango leaf extract significantly improved performance accuracy across the tasks in the battery, with domain-specific effects seen in terms of enhanced performance on an ‘Accuracy of Attention’ factor and an ‘Episodic Memory’ factor. Performance was also improved across all three tasks (Rapid Visual Information Processing, Serial 3s and Serial 7s subtraction tasks) that make up the Cognitive Demand Battery sub-section of the assessment. All of these cognitive benefits were seen across the post-dose assessments (30 min, 3 h, 5 h). There were no interpretable treatment related effects on mood. These results provide the first demonstration of cognition enhancement following consumption of mango leaf extract and add to previous research showing that polyphenols and polyphenol rich extracts can improve brain function.

scholarly journals Sodium storage in human tissues is mediated by glycosaminoglycan expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (2) ◽  
pp. F319-F325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fischereder ◽  
Bernhard Michalke ◽  
Elisa Schmöckel ◽  
Antje Habicht ◽  
Raphael Kunisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Sodium Storage

The current paradigm regarding sodium handling in animals and humans postulates that total body sodium is regulated predominately via regulation of extracellular volume. Active sodium storage independent of volume retention is thought to be negligible. However, studies in animals, hypertensive patients, and healthy humans suggest water-free storage of sodium in skin. We hypothesized that tissue sodium concentrations ([Na]T) found in humans vary and reflect regulation due to variable glycosaminoglycan content due to variable expression of XYLT-1. Twenty seven patients on dialysis and 21 living kidney transplant donors free of clinically detectable edema were studied. During surgery, abdominal skin, muscle, and arteries were biopsied. [Na]T was determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, semiquantitative glycosaminoglycan content with Alcian stain, and XYLT-1 expression by real-time PCR. [Na]T of arteries were ranging between 0.86 and 9.83 g/kg wet wt and were significantly higher in arteries (4.52 ± 1.82 g/kg) than in muscle (2.03 ± 1.41 g/kg; P < 0.001) or skin (3.24 ± 2.26 g/kg wet wt; P = 0.038). For individual patients [Na]T correlated for skin and arterial tissue ( r = 0.440, P = 0.012). [Na]T also correlated significantly with blinded semiquantitative analysis of glycosaminoglycans staining ( r = 0.588, P = 0.004). In arteries XYLT-1 expression was also correlated with [Na]T ( r = 0.392, P = 0.003). Our data confirm highly variable [Na]T in human skin and muscle and extend this observation to [Na]T in human arteries. These data support the hypothesis of water-independent sodium storage via regulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in human tissues, including arteries.

scholarly journals The silicon content of beer and its bioavailability in healthy volunteers

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supannee Sripanyakorn ◽  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Hazel Elliott ◽  
Caroline Walker ◽  
Payal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Si Content

Dietary Si, as soluble orthosilicic acid (OSA), may be important for the growth and development of bone and connective tissue. Beer appears to be a major contributor to Si intake, although the Si content of beer and its bioavailability in human subjects have not been well established. Here we investigated the Si content of different beers and then estimated Si absorption from beer in healthy volunteers. The Si content of seventy-six different beers was estimated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and one of the beers, used in the ingestion study, was ultrafiltered to determine OSA content. Next, following the ingestion of 0·6 litres beer (22·5mg Si; 4·6% (v/v) ethanol), serum and urinary Si levels were measured in nine healthy volunteers over a 6h period. A solution of OSA was similarly investigated as a positive control and water and 4·6% ethanol as negative controls. The mean Si level of beer was 19·2 (SD 6·6) mg/l; the median Si level was 18·0mg/l. There was no significant difference in the Si levels of the different beers by geographical origin or type of beer. Serum and urinary Si levels increased considerably following the ingestion of beer or a solution of OSA but not with the ingestion of either 4·6% ethanol or water. The ultrafilterability of Si from beer (about 80%) and its absorption in volunteers (about 55%) was comparable with that of a solution of OSA suggesting that Si in beer is present chiefly in a monomeric form and is readily bioavailable.

scholarly journals The Acute and Chronic Cognitive Effects of a Sage Extract: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study in Healthy Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Emma L. Wightman ◽  
Philippa A. Jackson ◽  
Bethany Spittlehouse ◽  
Thomas Heffernan ◽  
Damien Guillemet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

The sage (Salvia) plant contains a host of terpenes and phenolics which interact with mechanisms pertinent to brain function and improve aspects of cognitive performance. However, previous studies in humans have looked at these phytochemicals in isolation and following acute consumption only. A preclinical in vivo study in rodents, however, has demonstrated improved cognitive outcomes following 2-week consumption of CogniviaTM, a proprietary extract of both Salvia officinalis polyphenols and Salvia lavandulaefolia terpenoids, suggesting that a combination of phytochemicals from sage might be more efficacious over a longer period of time. The current study investigated the impact of this sage combination on cognitive functions in humans with acute and chronic outcomes. Participants (n = 94, 25 M, 69 F, 30–60 years old) took part in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups design where a comprehensive array of cognitions were assessed 120- and 240-min post-dose acutely and following 29-day supplementation with either 600 mg of the sage combination or placebo. A consistent, significant benefit of the sage combination was observed throughout working memory and accuracy task outcome measures (specifically on the Corsi Blocks, Numeric Working Memory, and Name to Face Recall tasks) both acutely (i.e., changes within day 1 and day 29) and chronically (i.e., changes between day 1 to day 29). These results fall slightly outside of those reported previously with single Salvia administration, and therefore, a follow-up study with the single and combined extracts is required to confirm how these effects differ within the same cohort.

scholarly journals The comparative absorption of silicon from different foods and food supplements

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supannee Sripanyakorn ◽  
Ravin Jugdaohsingh ◽  
Wacharee Dissayabutr ◽  
Simon H. C. Anderson ◽  
Richard P. H. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of Dissolution

Dietary Si (orthosilicic acid; OSA) appears important in connective tissue health, and although the sources and intakes of Si are well established, its absorption is not. Si absorption was measured from eight high-Si-containing sources: alcohol-free beer; OSA solution (positive control); bananas; green beans; supplemental choline-stabilised OSA (ChOSA); supplemental monomethyl silanetriol (MMST); supplemental colloidal silica (CS); magnesium trisilicate British Pharmacopoeia antacid (MTBP). Two of the supplements and the antacid were pre-selected following an in vitro dissolution assay. Fasting, healthy subjects (CS, n 3; others, n ≥ 5) each ingested two of the sources separated by a 1-week wash-out period. Blood and urine were collected and measured for total Si concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Absorption, based on urinary Si excretion, was highest for MMST and alcohol-free beer (64 % of dose), followed by green beans (44 %), OSA (43 %), ChOSA (17 %), bananas and MTBP (4 %) and CS (1 %). Peak serum concentrations occurred by 0.5 h for MMST and green beans, 1.5 h for OSA and alcohol-free beer, 2 h for ChOSA and CS, and 4 h for MTBP. Area under the serum curves correlated positively with urinary Si output (r 0·82; P < 0·0001). Absorption of Si from supplements and antacids was consistent with their known chemical speciation and kinetics of dissolution under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Monomeric silicates were readily absorbed, while particulate silicates were decreasingly well absorbed with increasing polymerisation. The present results highlight the need to allow for relative absorption of Si from different foods or supplements in subsequent epidemiological and intervention studies.

Silicate analysis of carbonated rocks using ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. A. Karimova ◽  
G. L. Buchbinder ◽  
S. V. Kachin
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Carbonate Materials

Calibration by the concentration ratio provides better metrological characteristics compared to other calibration modes when using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for analysis of geological samples and technical materials on their base. The main reasons for the observed improvement are: i) elimination of the calibration error of measuring vessels and the error of weighing samples of the analyzed materials from the total error of the analysis; ii) high intensity of the lines of base element; and iii) higher accuracy of measuring the ratio of intensities compared to that of measuring the absolute intensities. Calcium oxide is better suited as a base when using calibration by the concentration ratio in analysis of carbonate rocks, technical materials, slags containing less than 20% SiO2 and more than 20% CaO. An equation is derived to calculate the content of components determined in carbonate materials when using calibration by the concentration ratio. A method of ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio is developed for determination of CaO (in the range of contents 20 – 100%), SiO2 (2.0 – 35%), Al2O3 (0.1 – 30%), MgO (0.1 – 20%), Fe2O3 (0.5 – 40%), Na2O (0.1 – 15%), K2O (0.1 – 5%), P2O5 (0.001 – 2%), MnO (0.01 – 2%), TiO2 (0.01 – 2.0%) in various carbonate materials. Acid decomposition of the samples in closed vessels heated in a HotBlock 200 system is proposed. Correctness of the procedure is confirmed in analysis of standard samples of rocks. The developed procedure was used during the interlaboratory analysis of the standard sample of slag SH17 produced by ZAO ISO (Yekaterinburg, Russia).

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