scholarly journals The Acute and Chronic Cognitive Effects of a Sage Extract: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study in Healthy Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Emma L. Wightman ◽  
Philippa A. Jackson ◽  
Bethany Spittlehouse ◽  
Thomas Heffernan ◽  
Damien Guillemet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Impact

The sage (Salvia) plant contains a host of terpenes and phenolics which interact with mechanisms pertinent to brain function and improve aspects of cognitive performance. However, previous studies in humans have looked at these phytochemicals in isolation and following acute consumption only. A preclinical in vivo study in rodents, however, has demonstrated improved cognitive outcomes following 2-week consumption of CogniviaTM, a proprietary extract of both Salvia officinalis polyphenols and Salvia lavandulaefolia terpenoids, suggesting that a combination of phytochemicals from sage might be more efficacious over a longer period of time. The current study investigated the impact of this sage combination on cognitive functions in humans with acute and chronic outcomes. Participants (n = 94, 25 M, 69 F, 30–60 years old) took part in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups design where a comprehensive array of cognitions were assessed 120- and 240-min post-dose acutely and following 29-day supplementation with either 600 mg of the sage combination or placebo. A consistent, significant benefit of the sage combination was observed throughout working memory and accuracy task outcome measures (specifically on the Corsi Blocks, Numeric Working Memory, and Name to Face Recall tasks) both acutely (i.e., changes within day 1 and day 29) and chronically (i.e., changes between day 1 to day 29). These results fall slightly outside of those reported previously with single Salvia administration, and therefore, a follow-up study with the single and combined extracts is required to confirm how these effects differ within the same cohort.

scholarly journals Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boqué ◽  
R. M. Valls ◽  
A. Pedret ◽  
F. Puiggrós ◽  
L. Arola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Orthosilicic Acid ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Relative Absorption

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare the relative absorption of a new powder presentation of silicon (Si) as orthosilicic acid with maltodextrin (Orgono Powder) compared to usual Si liquid presentations as orthosilicic acid with Equisetum arvense and Rosmarinus officinalis (G5 Siliplant) and orthosilicic acid with aloe vera (G7 Aloe). All dietary supplements were administered at the same Si oral dose (21.6 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study conducted in 5 healthy men. Urine was collected at baseline and over the 6-h post-dose period in 2 separate 3-h collections for the analysis of Si concentration, which was conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as the gold standard method. No significant differences in total urinary Si excretion were found after the intake of these 3 dietary supplements; 34.6%, 32.4% and 27.2% of the ingested Si from G7 Aloe, G5 Siliplant and Orgono Powder, respectively, was excreted in urine over the 6-h follow-up period. The 3 different oral Si formulations tested, in powder and liquid presentations, provide highly bioavailable Si and present an equivalent relative absorption in healthy humans.

scholarly journals A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lay ◽  
Collins Wenhan Chu ◽  
Rikky Wenang Purbojati ◽  
Enzo Acerbi ◽  
Daniela I. Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The compromised gut microbiome that results from C-section birth has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In a double-blind randomized controlled study, 153 infants born by elective C-section received an infant formula supplemented with either synbiotic, prebiotics, or unsupplemented from birth until 4 months old. Vaginally born infants were included as a reference group. Stool samples were collected from day 3 till week 22. Multi-omics were deployed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and nutrition on the development of the infant gut microbiome, and uncover putative biological mechanisms underlying the role of a compromised microbiome as a risk factor for NCD. Results As early as day 3, infants born vaginally presented a hypoxic and acidic gut environment characterized by an enrichment of strict anaerobes (Bifidobacteriaceae). Infants born by C-section presented the hallmark of a compromised microbiome driven by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae. This was associated with meta-omics signatures characteristic of a microbiome adapted to a more oxygen-rich gut environment, enriched with genes associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and depleted in genes involved in the metabolism of milk carbohydrates. The synbiotic formula modulated expression of microbial genes involved in (oligo)saccharide metabolism, which emulates the eco-physiological gut environment observed in vaginally born infants. The resulting hypoxic and acidic milieu prevented the establishment of a compromised microbiome. Conclusions This study deciphers the putative functional hallmarks of a compromised microbiome acquired during C-section birth, and the impact of nutrition that may counteract disturbed microbiome development. Trial registration The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Number: 2838) on 4th April 2011.

scholarly journals Interactions of Oxysterols with Atherosclerosis Biomarkers in Subjects with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia and Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Red Yeast Rice Extract) (Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Stefania Cicolari ◽  
Chiara Pavanello ◽  
Elena Olmastroni ◽  
Marina Del Puppo ◽  
Marco Bertolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
The Impact

Background: Oxysterol relationship with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is poorly explored, especially in moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Moreover, the impact of nutraceuticals controlling hypercholesterolaemia on plasma levels of 24-, 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC, 25-OHC, 27-OHC) is unknown. Methods: Subjects (n = 33; 18–70 years) with moderate hypercholesterolaemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C:): 130–200 mg/dL), in primary CV prevention as well as low CV risk were studied cross-sectionally. Moreover, they were evaluated after treatment with a nutraceutical combination (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, red yeast rice extract (10 mg/dose monacolin K)), following a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. We evaluated 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Results: 24-OHC and 25-OHC were significantly correlated, 24-OHC was correlated with apoB. 27-OHC and 27-OHC/total cholesterol (TC) were higher in men (median 209 ng/mL and 77 ng/mg, respectively) vs. women (median 168 ng/mL and 56 ng/mg, respectively); 27-OHC/TC was significantly correlated with abdominal circumference, visceral fat and, negatively, with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglycerides were significantly correlated with 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC and with 24-OHC/TC and 25-OHC/TC. After intervention, 27-OHC levels were significantly reduced by 10.4% in the nutraceutical group Levels of 24-OHC, 24-OHC/TC, 25-OHC, 25-OHC/TC and 27-OHC/TC were unchanged. Conclusions: In this study, conducted in moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects, we observed novel relationships between 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC and CV risk biomarkers. In addition, no adverse changes of OHC levels upon nutraceutical treatment were found.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction to: BRAINSTORMING: A study protocol for a randomised double-blind clinical trial to assess the impact of concurrent brain stimulation (tDCS) and working memory training on cognitive performance in Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Assecondi ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Gail Eskes ◽  
Michelle Read ◽  
Chris Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
The Impact

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that the article had published with the Acknowledgements erroneously excluded from the declarations at the end of the article.

In Vivo Sensitivity Test in Otitis Media: Efficacy of Antibiotics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgil M. Howie ◽  
Ruth Dillard ◽  
Barbara Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
The Poor

During a 10-year period, antibiotics were assigned in random, double-blind fashion in six combinations to treat 948 episodes of otitis media in children. Exudate from the middle ear of all patients was cultured before treatment. Three follow-up visits were conducted; the first follow-up visit was three to five days after the start of therapy, and the second and third visits were 14 and 31 days after onset of treatment. Exudates were recultured for 75% of the patients on the first follow-up visit. Comparison of treatment results showed that triple sulfonamide combined with either phenoxymethyl penicillin, or benzathine and procaine penicillin G given intramuscularly (IM) was as effective as was ampicillin or amoxicillin. Phenoxymethyl penicillin and cyclacillin alone were usually effective against pneumococci but relatively ineffective against Haemophilus influenzae. Cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole produced unsatisfactory results in about half the cases caused by pneumococci or H influenzae. Although production of β-lactamase by some otitis-causing Haemophilus and Staphylococcus species may explain the ineffectiveness of some treatments, the percentage of organisms positive for β-lactamase was too small to be responsible for the poor results with certain drugs.

Genetic addiction risk score analysis: hypodopaminergic polymorphic risk alleles in polydrug addicted males and meso-limbic dopaminergic agonistic activation by neuroadaptagen amino-acid therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 803-803
Author(s):  
K. Blum ◽  
E. Stice ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
J. Giordano ◽  
S. Morse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a need to classify patients at genetic risk for drug seeking behavior prior to or upon entry to chemical dependency programs.MethodsThe prevalence of seven risk alleles (DRD2 = A1; SLC6A3 (DAT) = 10R; DRD4 = 3R or 7R; 5HTTLPR = L or LA; MAO = 3R; COMT = G) and corresponding severity risk score (Low (LS) = 1–36%, moderate (MS) = 37–50%, and high (HS) = 51–100%) were calculated. Group 1 consisted of 16 Caucasian male psycho-stimulant addicts, and Group 2 consisted of 10 Chinese male heroin addicts (9 were genotyped). qEEG and fMRI visualized the impact of Neuroadaptagen Amino-Acid Therapy complex on mesolimbic system activation.Results[Findings by Group]74% of the combined groups had a moderate to high genetic addiction risk score (GARS). One acute dose of KB220-IV variant in heroin addicts having brain abnormalities was found to normalize qEEG. Additionally, a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study involving oral KB220-Z variant established qEEG normalization of reward circuitry in abstinent psycho-stimulant abusers (P < 0.03).ConclusionsWe cautiously suggest that long-term activation of dopaminergic receptors will lead to D2 receptor proliferation and enhanced “dopamine sensitivity,” thus reducing aberrant craving behavior especially in carriers of the DRD2 A1 allele. Although supported by 20 clinical trials, KB220-Z awaits PET scanning to determine its chronic effects on D2 receptor numbers.

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