scholarly journals High stability and metabolic capacity of bacterial community promote the rapid reduction of easily decomposing carbon in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilin Huang ◽  
Thomas W. Crowther ◽  
Yueyu Sui ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Yuting Liang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIrreversible climate change alters the decomposition and sequestration of soil carbon (C). However, the stability of C components in soils with different initial organic matter contents and its relationship with the response of major decomposers to climate warming are still unclear. In this study, we translocated Mollisols with a gradient of organic matter (OM) contents (2%–9%) from in situ cold region to five warmer climatic regions to simulate climate change. Soil C in C-rich soils (OM >5%) was more vulnerable to translocation warming than that in C-poor soils (OM ≤ 5%), with a major loss of functional groups like O-alkyl, O-aryl C and carboxyl C. Variations of microbial β diversity with latitude, temperature and precipitation indicated that C-rich soils contained more resistant bacterial communities and more sensitive fungal communities than C-poor soils, which led to strong C metabolism and high utilization ability of the community in C-rich soils in response to translocation warming. Our results suggest that the higher sensitivity of soils with high organic matter content to climate change is related to the stability and metabolic capacity of major bacterial decomposers, which is important for predicting soil-climate feedback.

Organic phosphorus speciation in Australian Red Chromosols: stoichiometric control

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. S. Moata ◽  
Ashlea L. Doolette ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Ann M. McNeill ◽  
Lynne M. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P

Organic phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the soil P cycle. It is present in various chemical forms, the relative amounts of which vary among soils, due to factors including climate, land use, and soil type. Few studies have investigated co-variation between P types or stoichiometric correlation with the key elemental components of organic matter– carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), both of which may influence P pool structure and dynamics in agricultural soils. In this study we determined the organic P speciation of twenty Australian Red Chromosols soils, a soil type widely used for cropping in Australia. Eight different chemical forms of P were quantified by 31P NMR spectroscopy, with a large majority (>90%) in all soils identified as orthophosphate and humic P. The strongest correlations (r2 = 0.77–0.85, P < 0.001) between P types were found among minor components: (i) between two inositol hexakisphosphate isomers (myo and scyllo) and (ii) between phospholipids and RNA (both detected as their alkaline hydrolysis products). Total soil C and N were correlated with phospholipid and RNA P, but not the most abundant P forms of orthophosphate and humic P. This suggests an influence of organic matter content on the organic P pool consisting of phospholipid and RNA, but not on inositol P or the largest organic P pool in these soils – humic P.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the influence of climate change and nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in European Russia: simulation modelling approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Komarov ◽  
V. N. Shanin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Change Scenario

Abstract. An individual-based simulation model, EFIMOD, was used to simulate the response of forest ecosystems to climate change and additional nitrogen deposition. The general scheme of the model includes forest growth depending on nitrogen uptake by plants and mineralization of soil organic matter. The mineralization rate is dependent on nitrogen content in litter and forest floor horizons. Three large forest areas in European Central Russia with a total area of about 17 000 km2 in distinct environmental conditions were chosen. Simulations were carried out with two climatic scenarios (ambient climate and climate change) and different levels of nitrogen deposition (ambient value and increase by 6 and 12 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The simulations showed that increased nitrogen deposition leads to increased productivity of trees, increased organic matter content in organic soil horizons, and an increased portion of deciduous tree species. For the climate change scenario, the same effects on forest productivity and similar shifts in species composition were predicted but the accumulation of organic matter in soil was decreased.

Organic matter increases jarosite dissolution in acid sulfate soils under inundation conditions

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxing Chu ◽  
Chuxia Lin ◽  
Yonggui Wu ◽  
Wenzhou Lu ◽  
Jie Long
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sulfate Soils

A column experiment was conducted to examine the effects of added organic matter and thickness of surface water on the stability of jarosite in a coastal acid sulfate soil. The results show that dissolution of jarosite was negligible if no organic matter was added onto the soil. However, where organic matter was added onto the soils, the acidity and the concentrations of iron and sulfate in the leachate of the soil increased following water inundation, indicating the decomposition of jarosite in such conditions. Probably, the organic matter content of the soil was originally too low to enable the creation of reducing conditions that could sufficiently cause the breakdown of jarosite contained in the soil. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of added organic matter played a more important role than the thickness of the overlying water in the dissolution of jarosite.

Effects of soil burn severity on germination and initial establishment of maritime pine seedlings, under greenhouse conditions, in two contrasting experimentally burned soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Fontúrbel ◽  
J. A. Vega ◽  
P. Pérez-Gorostiaga ◽  
C. Fernández ◽  
M. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Soil Burn Severity

The effects of soil burn severity on initial establishment of maritime pine in burned areas are not well known. Many factors may interact in the field, thus making it difficult to determine the exact role played by soil burn severity in the post-fire regeneration process. Monoliths of two contrasting soils – an acid, coarse-textured soil, with high organic matter content, and a neutral heavy-textured soil with low organic matter content – were experimentally burned to provide two markedly different levels of soil burn severity. The burned monoliths were sown with Pinus pinaster seeds and then placed in a greenhouse under a preselected water regime to determine the effect of burn severity on emergence and initial establishment of pine seedlings. High soil burn severity in the coarse-textured soils delayed germination, increased mortality and temporarily decreased the height of pine seedlings in the first year after sowing. This response was affected by: soil heating level, soil C consumption, post-fire soil C, depth of burn and post-fire duff-depth. Ash had no influence on the above processes. These factors did not explain the variability in the response of regeneration variables in the heavy-textured soils. The applicability of the results to field conditions is discussed.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of climate change on soil properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gelybó ◽  
E. Tóth ◽  
C. Farkas ◽  
Á. Horel ◽  
I. Kása ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity

Climate change is expected to have a vigorous impact on soils and ecosystems due to elevated temperature and changes in precipitation (amount and frequency), thereby altering biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. Several phenomena associated with climate change and anthropogenic activity affect soils indirectly via ecosystem functioning (such as higher atmospheric CO2 concentration and N deposition). Continuous interactions between climate and soils determine the transformation and transport processes. Long-term gradual changes in abiotic environmental factors alter naturally occurring soil forming processes by modifying the soil water regime, mineral composition evolution, and the rate of organic matter formation and degradation. The resulting physical and chemical soil properties play a fundamental role in the productivity and environmental quality of cultivated land, so it is crucial to evaluate the potential outcomes of climate change and soil interactions. This paper attempts to review the underlying long-term processes influenced by different aspects of climate change. When considering major soil forming factors (climate, parent material, living organisms, topography), especially climate, we put special attention to soil physical properties (soil structure and texture, and consequential changes in soil hydrothermal regime), soil chemical properties (e.g. cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter content as influenced by changes in environmental conditions) and soil degradation as a result of longterm soil physicochemical transformations. The temperate region, specifically the Carpathian Basin as a heterogeneous territory consisting of different climatic and soil zones from continental to mountainous, is used as an example to present potential changes and to assess the effect of climate change on soils. The altered physicochemical and biological properties of soils require accentuated scientific attention, particularly with respect to significant feedback processes to climate and soil services such as food security.

Predicting pH buffering capacity of New Zealand soils from organic matter content and mineral characteristics

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Curtin ◽  
Stephen Trolove
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Information on the pH buffer capacity of soil is required to estimate changes in pH due to acidic or alkaline inputs, and to model pH-dependent processes within the soil nitrogen (N) cycle. The objective was to determine whether a model based on soil organic matter (SOM) and mineral characteristics (clay content, extractable iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al)) would be adequate to estimate the buffer capacities of New Zealand soils. We measured pH changes in 34 soils, representing a range of SOM and texture, after equilibration with several rates (range 0–15 cmol OH– kg–1 soil) of either KOH or Ca(OH)2. The Ca(OH)2 method often yielded higher buffer capacity values than the KOH method, possibly because of incomplete reaction of Ca(OH)2, especially at high addition rates. Buffer capacity (measured using KOH) of the soils was strongly correlated with soil carbon (C) (R2 = 0.76), and weakly (but significantly, P < 0.05) with clay content, and with dithionite extractable Fe and Al. A regression with soil C, clay, and P-retention (a surrogate for extractable Al and Fe) as independent variables explained 90% of the variability in pH buffering. The role of organic matter was further evaluated by measuring buffer capacity of soil from research plots at Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand, that differed in C (21–37 g C kg–1 in the top 7.5 cm; 19–26 g C kg–1 in the 7.5–15 cm) as a result of the treatments imposed during the 12-year trial period. A substantial decrease in pH buffering (by up to 24% in top 7.5 cm) was associated with a decline in SOM following the conversion of permanent pasture (pre-trial land use) to arable cropping. Across all treatments and sampling depths, buffer capacity was linearly related (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.001) to soil C; the estimated buffer capacity of SOM was 89 cmolc kg–1 C pH unit–1, similar to the value calculated from the previous study with different soil types. After 12 years, treatments with low soil C concentrations tended to be more acidic, possibly partly because of weaker pH buffering.

scholarly journals Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: The Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schädel ◽  
Jeffrey Beem-Miller ◽  
Mina Aziz Rad ◽  
Susan E. Crow ◽  
Caitlin Hicks Pries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Soil C

Abstract. The magnitude of carbon (C) loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is a function of the amount of C stored in soils, the quality of the organic matter, and physical, chemical and biological factors that comprise the environment for decomposition. The decomposability of C is commonly assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases mineralized from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available database of C flux (carbon dioxide, CO2, or methane, CH4). In addition to open access, the SIDb project also provides a platform for the development of tools for reading and analysis of incubation data as well as documentation for future use and development. In addition to introducing SIDb, we provide reporting guidance for database entry and the required variables that incubation studies need at minimum to be included in SIDb. A key application of this synthesis effort is to better characterize soil C processes in Earth system models, which will in turn reduce our uncertainty in predicting the response of soil C decomposition to a changing climate. We demonstrate a framework to fit curves to a number of incubation studies from diverse ecosystems, depths, and organic matter content using a built-in model development module that integrates SIDb with the existing SoilR package to estimate soil C pools from time series data. The database will help bridge the gap between site-level measurements, which are commonly used in incubation studies, and global remote-sensed data or data products derived from models aimed at assessing global-scale rates of decomposition and C turnover. The SIDb, version 1.0, is archived and publicly available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3470459 (Sierra et al., 2019) and the database is managed under a version-controlled system and centrally stored in GitHub (https://github.com/SoilBGC-Datashare/sidb).

scholarly journals Decomposability of soil organic matter over time: the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0) and guidance for incubation procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1511-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schädel ◽  
Jeffrey Beem-Miller ◽  
Mina Aziz Rad ◽  
Susan E. Crow ◽  
Caitlin E. Hicks Pries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Soil C

Abstract. The magnitude of carbon (C) loss to the atmosphere via microbial decomposition is a function of the amount of C stored in soils, the quality of the organic matter, and physical, chemical, and biological factors that comprise the environment for decomposition. The decomposability of C is commonly assessed by laboratory soil incubation studies that measure greenhouse gases mineralized from soils under controlled conditions. Here, we introduce the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb) version 1.0, a compilation of time series data from incubations, structured into a new, publicly available, open-access database of C flux (carbon dioxide, CO2, or methane, CH4). In addition, the SIDb project also provides a platform for the development of tools for reading and analysis of incubation data as well as documentation for future use and development. In addition to introducing SIDb, we provide reporting guidance for database entry and the required variables that incubation studies need at minimum to be included in SIDb. A key application of this synthesis effort is to better characterize soil C processes in Earth system models, which will in turn reduce our uncertainty in predicting the response of soil C decomposition to a changing climate. We demonstrate a framework to fit curves to a number of incubation studies from diverse ecosystems, depths, and organic matter content using a built-in model development module that integrates SIDb with the existing SoilR package to estimate soil C pools from time series data. The database will help bridge the gap between point location measurements, which are commonly used in incubation studies, and global remote-sensed data or data products derived from models aimed at assessing global-scale rates of decomposition and C turnover. The SIDb version 1.0 is archived and publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3871263 (Sierra et al., 2020), and the database is managed under a version-controlled system and centrally stored in GitHub (https://github.com/SoilBGC-Datashare/sidb, last access: 26 June 2020).

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

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