Therapeutic potential of digitoflavone on diabetic nephropathy: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-dependent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect

Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Intracellular transduction pathways that end in the activation of specific transcription factors are highly implicated in the onset and progression of pathological changes related to neurodegeneration, of which those related to oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are particularly important. Here, we provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to OS- and neuroinflammation-mediated neuropathological changes in neurodegeneration, together with the role of transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This review is focused on the transcription factor p53 that coordinates the cellular response to diverse genotoxic stimuli, determining neuronal death or survival. As current pharmacological options in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease are only symptomatic, many research efforts are aimed at uncovering efficient disease-modifying agents. Natural polyphenolic compounds demonstrate powerful anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, partially acting as modulators of signaling pathways. Herein, we review the current understanding of the therapeutic potential and limitations of flavonols in neuroprotection, with emphasis on their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects along the Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 pathways. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of their action may pave the way toward new treatments.

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Observing the Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Nigella Sativa Combined With Silybum Marianum Extracts on the Acute Peritonitis Mouse Model

Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jams.24.3.6154.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 372-385

Author(s):

Maryam Bahrami ◽

◽

Ali Ghazavi ◽

Ali Ganji ◽

Ghasem Mosayebi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Control Group ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Acute Peritonitis ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Background and Aim: In addition to free radicals such as Nitric Oxide (NO), inflammation is one of the most important pathophysiological causes of peritonitis. Over thousands of years, Nigella Sativa (NS) and Silybum Marianum (SM) are two plants known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of its compound is unclear. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of NS and SM extracts and their combination on inflammatory diseases like thioglycollate peritoneal. Methods & Materials: Alcoholic extracts of SM and NS were obtained by the soxhlet method. Male Balb/C mice were divided into 5 groups and gavage orally for 14 days with SM, NS, the mixture of extracts of these two, DMSO 30% as the control group, and dexamethasone as the positive control group. The safety profile and acute toxicity in mice were assessed. On day 10, acute peritonitis was induced by thioglycollate 3%. Finally, the total anti-oxidant power and NO concentration were measured by FRAP and Griess method, respectively, in the serum of treated mice. Ethical Considerations: All experimental process was performed following the guidelines according to the Animal Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.359). Results: Acute toxicity test showed no significant changes in weight and physical appearance of the mice. However, the extract and their mixture decreased NO level significantly (P=0.000) in serum. Also, the mixture significantly increased total anti-oxidant power (P=0.015). Conclusion: Results showed that the SM and NS extract mixture demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as NO and increasing anti-oxidant power, thus supporting its therapeutic potential in slowing down inflammatory processes in inflammation disorders.

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Carvacrol hinders the progression of hepatic fibrosis via targeting autotaxin and thioredoxin in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rat

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/09603271211026729 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096032712110267

Author(s):

ZA El-Gendy ◽

A Ramadan ◽

SA El-Batran ◽

RF Ahmed ◽

SA El-Marasy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Male Rats ◽

Glutathione Depletion ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Related Factor ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

Fibrosis is a common outcome of nearly all chronic diseases of liver that results in changes of its functions which requires medical attention. The current research aims to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic efficacy of Carvacrol against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in male rats using Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as a reference anti-fibrotic product. Carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) markedly declined TAA-increased serum liver enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) levels as well as increased levels of total protein (TP) and albumin. Carvacrol significantly reduced glutathione depletion (GSH), Nitric oxide (NOX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissue. Additionally, its anti-oxidant effect brightened up via affecting markers of stress found in the cell as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) where it still had high content and decreased Thioredoxin (Trx) level. The anti-inflammatory effect of Carvacrol was confirmed by decreasing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contents. Carvacrol showed anti-fibrotic effect clarified by turning down fibrosis-related markers; TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and 9 (MMP-3 and 9) and Autotaxin (ATX) contents. Furthermore, it decreased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and caspase-3 immune-expression. The overall outcome of aforementioned markers results showed that Carvacrol suppresses the progression of liver fibrosis via its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effect and its ability in lowering Thioredoxin and Autotaxin; hence it can be categorized as a hepatoprotective natural substance.

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Sargachromenol Purified from Sargassum horneri Inhibits Inflammatory Responses via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19090497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Eui-Jeong Han ◽

Thilina U. Jayawardena ◽

Jae-Hyuk Jang ◽

Ilekuttige Priyan Shanura Fernando ◽

Youngheun Jee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Sargassum Horneri ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Related Factor ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we isolated sargachromenol (SC) from Sargassum horneri and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. SC did not show cytotoxicity at all concentrations and effectively increased the cell viability by reducing the nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SC decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2). Moreover, SC suppressed the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, whereas activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory effect of SC was abolished by the inhibition of HO-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. According to the results, this study suggests that the antioxidant capacity of SC leads to its anti-inflammatory effect and it potentially may be utilized in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ecklonia cava Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and a Periodontitis Rat Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seonyoung Kim ◽

Soo-Im Choi ◽

Gun-Hee Kim ◽

Jee-Young Imm

Keyword(s):

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Ecklonia Cava ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Related Factor ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Ecklonia cava, an edible marine brown alga (Laminariaceae), is a rich source of phlorotannins. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Ecklonia cava ethanol extract (ECE, dieckol 10.6%, w/w) on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 were decreased by more than half on treatment with 100 μg/mL ECE. Downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 gene expression confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of ECE. ECE treatment upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by 6.3-fold and increased HO-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) signaling decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation. ECE administration (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced gingival index, restricted tooth mobility, and prevented alveolar bone loss (p < 0.05). These beneficial effects were due to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-1β production, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in gingival tissues. The ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin, a biomarker of periodontitis and osteolysis, was significantly decreased by ECE administration (p < 0.05). Thus, ECE has potential therapeutic effects for the alleviation of periodontal disease.

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Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polar extracts obtained from waste product of wine making

Natural Product Research ◽

10.1080/14786419.2020.1721492 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

M. J. Germanó ◽

M. D. Muñoz ◽

M. C. Della-Vedova ◽

G. E. Feresin ◽

M. Rinaldi-Tosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Product ◽

Wine Making ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Polar Extracts ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Pharmacological activities and Therapeutic potential of kaempferitrin in medicine for the treatment of human disorders: A review of medicinal importance and health benefits

Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871529x21666210812111931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Related Complication ◽

Food Material ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Herbal drugs and their derived phytochemicals are valuable for human being as a source of vital component of food material and drugs. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phytochemical produced in plants through metabolisms and they are having anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. Flavonoids have been identified in the fruits, nuts, vegetables, seeds, stem, flowers and tea. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoidal compound present in edible plants such as apples, broccoli, strawberries, beans, grapefruit, propolis and medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Ginkgo biloba, Rosmarinus officinalis, Crocus sativus L., Hypericum perforatum L. Kaempferol have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic, cardio-protective and anti-cancer activities. Methods: Glycosides of kaempferol such as kaempferitrin also called kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside are known to be more abundant than their flavonoid monomers in plants. Various literature databases have been searched to collect all the scientific information of kaempferitrin in the present investigation and analyzed in order to know the therapeutic benefit and biological potential of kaempferitrin. Moreover all the information has been presented here in two broad sections i.e. pharmacological and analytical. Results: From the analysis of all the collected and presented information, it was found that kaempferitrin has potent insulin-mimetic potential and could be used for the treatment of diabetes and related complication. However, it has also shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, anti-osteoporotic, anti-depressant, anthelmintic, immunostimulatory and natriuretic properties and inhibits cell proliferation and apoptosis. Kaempferitrin also improves meat quality of broiler chickens. Conclusions: The presented information in this work will be valuable to justify the biological importance and therapeutic potential of kaempferitrin in the scientific field.

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Investigation of Pharmacological Activity of Caralluma penicillata: Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Gastritis Protection against Indomethacin in Adult Guinea Pigs

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/738493 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nabil Albaser ◽

Najeeb Ghanem ◽

Mohanad Shehab ◽

Adnan Al-Adhal ◽

Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany

Keyword(s):

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Histological Study ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Repeated Doses ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Caralluma is a plant that possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen, namely, Caralluma penicillata (C. penicillata) as antiulcer. The study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties and gastritis protection activity of C. penicillata against indomethacin in adult guinea pigs. The study was divided into four parts: firstly, the optimum dose of extract as anti-inflammatory effect was determined. Secondly, the acute anti-inflammatory effect of extract were estimated. Thirdly, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation was estimated. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract was compared with indomethacin as a prototype of drug against inflammation. Fourthly, the gastritis protection properties of extract with/without indomethacin were performed. The results showed that a 400 mg/kg of 10% ethanol extract produced the maximum of anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the single dose of extract was equipotent for indomethacin (10 mg/kg), but shorter in duration with regard to acute anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation were less potent than indomethacin with regard to ulcerogenic effect. On the other hand, extract-indomethacin combination reduced the gastritis effect of indomethacin based on ulcer index and histological study.

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