scholarly journals Corrin-based chemosensors for the ASSURED detection of endogenous cyanide

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Zelder ◽  
Lucas Tivana
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food for more than 500 million people, especially in Africa and South America.

scholarly journals Starch and flour extraction and nutrient composition of tuber in seven cassava accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Fakir ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Mostafa ◽  
H Seal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Cassava Plant

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots (tubers) are used as staple food. Starch extracted from tubers is widely utilized as raw materials in industries. Dry matter (DM) content, starch and flour extraction and proximate composition were investigated in seven cassava accessions (Coc-A1, Kh-A2, Cow-A3, Sa-A4, Me-A5, Va-A6 and Sy-A8.) in 2010- 2011. Leaf DM varied from 20.51% in Me-A5 to 29.01% in Sy-A8; that of stem from 27.24% in Va-A6 to 32.10% (average of Sy-A8, Me-A5 and Sa-A4); and that of tuber from 37.30% in Kh-A2 to 45.26% in Sy-A8. Starch was extracted by blending chopped tuber followed by decantation. Tubers were sliced, sun dried and milled into flour. Tuber starch content (fresh wt. basis) varied between 15.04% in Sy-A8 and 24.97% (average of Coc-A1 and Me-A5); that of peel from 4.54% in Va-A6 to 5.85% in Coc-A1. Crude protein varied from 1.80% (average of Kh-A2, Cow-A3 and Sy-A8) to 4.53% in Va-A6. Crude fiber content varied from 1.95% (average of Sa-A4 and Coc-A1) to 4.27% in Cow-A3. Cyanogens present in cassava plant escape as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during harvesting and processing. Variation for HCN existed and it was 140.95 mg/kg fresh tuber (average of Sy-A8 and Coc-A1) to 546.0 mg/kg fresh tuber in Va-A6. There was no detectable HCN in the extracted flour and starch. It may be concluded that genetic variation for DM, starch, protein and HCN existed in seven cassava accessions, and Coc-A1 may be a better one due to its lower HCN, higher DM and starch content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14698 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 217-222, 2012

scholarly journals First Report of Frog Skin Disease in Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Chaparro-Martínez ◽  
G. Trujillo-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
First Report ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Long Stem

Frogskin disease (FSD) is a disease of clonally propagated cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and has been reported to reduce cassava yields significantly in South America (1). FSD is caused by an uncharacterized virus that is restricted to South America. The evidence indicates FSD is transmitted by stem cuttings and graft (3). However, little information is available on its distribution and incidence in Venezuela. Eighty-seven samples with virus-like symptoms were collected with the help of technical staff and producers in cassava-producing states: Amazonas (1 sample), Aragua (7 samples), Barinas (35 samples), Cojedes (8 samples), Monagas (19 samples), and Portuguesa (17 samples). In these states, the average daytime temperature was 26°C, but the average was higher (>28°C) during the dry season. Samples were collected during the rainy season because high temperatures and dry field conditions appeared to suppress symptom expression, while cooler conditions tended to favor symptom development (2). Roots of sampled cassava plants were examined for the presence of FSD. A single 70- to 80-cm-long stem cutting was taken from each plant and subdivided into four pieces. Two pieces were used as rootstocks in graft-inoculation tests with Secundina scions for FSD detection, and two pieces were potted in sterilized soil to be used in other tests. All potted and grafted plants were kept in the Vegetable Virology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy (Universidad Central de Venezuela), at an average temperature of 24°C and 80% relative humidity. FSD-infected plants were identified by mosaic symptoms on Secundina scions and the presence of 80-nm spherical viral particles. Most FSD-infected cultivars expressed only root symptoms. However, in the case of Secundina cvs. MCOL 22 and MCOL 113, foliar symptoms were also detected (1). FSD was found in a simple infection in one cassava sample from Aragua State (14.3% incidence, 1 of 7 samples) and in four cassava samples from Barinas State (11.4% incidence, 4 of 35 samples) associated with Cassava virus X (detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). To our knowledge, this is the first report of FSD detection in Venezuela. References: (1) E. A. Frison et al. Informe Anual. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1995. (2) B. L. Nolt et al. Plant Pathol. 41:384, 1992. (3) Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Cassava Rome. FAO/IBPGR. p. 10-27, 1991.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ecuador by Using SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Paredes ◽  
Valeria Alulema ◽  
Luis Lima ◽  
Marten Sørensen ◽  
and Álvaro Monteros-Altamirano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Amazonian Region

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), domesticated in the Amazonian region of South America, presents an important diversity in Ecuador, where it is a main staple food; however, only few Ecuadorian cassava accessions have been included in international molecular assessments. The purpose of this study was to apply suitable cassava mi-crosatellites to characterize the genetic variability of the Ecuadorian cassava collection composed mainly of local landraces from the Coast, Andes and Amazonia regions. The use of microsatellite markers allowed the determination of the genetic diversity of the collection. Seven selected SSR primers, permitted to identify homozygous and hetero-zygous materials within the cassava collection of 133 accessions. The loci presented an average genetic diversity value of 0.7 and an average PIC value of 0.67, which is con-sidered high. Low number of duplicates (8.8%) were identified in the Ecuadorian col-lection which is not fully duplicated at CIAT. Currently, a wide range of cassava diver-sity is still cultivated in multi-crop agro-ecosystem, mainly in the Coast and Amazo-nian regions. Especially in the Amazonian region, due to important cultural uses of cassava by local ethnic communities, more in depth studies in the region could unveil the genetic diversity present in situ today.

scholarly journals Manihot Esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), A New Alien Species In Italy

Hacquetia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stinca ◽  
Giuseppe D’Auria ◽  
Riccardo Motti
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Invasive Status ◽  
First Time

Abstract In the present work the presence of Manihot esculenta Crantz is reported for the first time for Italy and Europe, a neophyte native to South America: ecology and invasive status are presented.

scholarly journals Occurrences of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops under field conditions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo da Silva Alonso ◽  
Francisco Racca-Filho ◽  
Aurino Florêncio de Lima
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

Brazil is the second world largest cassava producer and the largest one in South America. The aleyrodids, commonly known as whiteflies, are pests that affect cassava crops and might induce economic losses, due to high infestation levels. The objective of this work was to survey the whitefly species that occur feeding on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Leaf samplings were conducted in five municipalities of the State and the species identification was realised according to morphological characters of the 4th instar nymphs. Among the 16 aleyrodid species described feeding on cassava in the Neotropical region, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar and Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar) were identified occurring in the State. The species B. tuberculata and T. manihoti  are reported for the first time in the State of Rio de Janeiro, where they were found feeding on cassava crops. Ocorrências de Moscas-Brancas (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em Lavouras de Mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) sob Condições de Campo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Resumo. O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor mundial de mandioca e o maior produtor do continente sul americano. Os aleirodídeos, insetos comumente conhecidos como moscas-brancas, são pragas que acometem esta cultura e podem causar prejuízos econômicos, em decorrência de altas infestações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar as espécies de moscas-brancas que ocorrem na cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas amostragens de folhas em lavouras localizadas em cinco municípios do estado e a identificação das espécies foi feita por caracteres morfológicos das ninfas de 4.º instar. Das 16 espécies de aleirodídeos descritas na região Neotropical em plantas de mandioca, três foram identificadas ocorrendo no estado, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar e Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar). É registrada pela primeira vez no estado a presença das espécies B. tuberculata  e T. manihoti em lavouras de mandioca.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz), (EUPHORBIACEAE) GROWN IN THREE AGROCLIMATIC ZONES OF CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-449
Author(s):  
Innocent Zinga ◽  
Kosh Komba E ◽  
Duval M F ◽  
Akpavi S ◽  
Atato A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Krants) introduced in the Central African Republic (CAR) in the 1850s, is now the staple food of the population. It does not know the genetic diversity of cultivated accessions in peasant communities. To assess this diversity, microsatellite technique was used on the 179 accessions identified. 137 alleles were amplified with an average of 5.95 alleles at the 23 loci. Analysis of genetic diversity within varieties across five villages showed that 46 accessions of 49 have a genotypic homogeneity is 93.87%. Only accessions "Tokonenanga" (Ndanga) "Touguenlag" (Soungbe) and "Sereka" (Karama) are each represented by two different genotypes.

Description of a new Amblystira (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Argentina with a key to the South American species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2675 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA I. MONTEMAYOR
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
New World ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Important Crop

Amblystira Stål is a new world American genus comprising nineteen species, most of them distributed in Central and South America. Nine species have been recorded from South America, and only Amblystira silvicola Drake is known from Argentina (Drake & Ruhoff, 1965). Members of the genus are dark, the cephalic spines are generally absent or poorly developed, the hood is absent, the paranota are scarcely developed or absent as well as the lateral pronotal carinae, the discoidal area is short not reaching the middle of the hemelytra, and the costal area is slender. The only member of the genus that has been recorded as a pest is Amblystira machalana Van Duzee, commonly known as “black lacebug”, which feeds on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, an important crop of South America. Arias & Belloti (2003) studied the life cycle, behavior, and damage caused by A. machalana on M. esculenta. (Guilbert, 2005) described the fifth instar of Amblystira peltogyne Drake & Hambleton.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

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